为了研究煤矿井下充填开采是否能有效保护地表耕地土壤环境,保持土壤肥力,本文以皖北矿业集团公司五沟煤矿充填开采工作面与非充填开采工作面为试验区,在2个工作面对应上方地表分别划分试验区域和对照区域,进行采样、相关土壤指标检测...为了研究煤矿井下充填开采是否能有效保护地表耕地土壤环境,保持土壤肥力,本文以皖北矿业集团公司五沟煤矿充填开采工作面与非充填开采工作面为试验区,在2个工作面对应上方地表分别划分试验区域和对照区域,进行采样、相关土壤指标检测及结果分析。试验区域（充填开采）包括：地表沉陷区坡脚B1处（点1？~点3？）、沉陷区坡面B2处（点4？~点6？）、沉陷区坡顶B3处（点7？~点9？）;对照区域（非充填开采）包括：地表沉陷区坡脚A1处（点1~点3）、沉陷区坡面A2处（点4~点6）、沉陷区坡顶A3处（点7~点9）。每个区域分别在9个采样点内按照0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm 3个土壤深度分层采集土样,对土壤理化性质以及该区域小麦株高和经济产量进行了测定和分析。试验结果显示,充填开采区域土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质在3个土层的平均含量均高于非充填开采区域。试验观测期间,3月份B1处小麦株高小于A1处,5—6月B2和B3处小麦长势均优于A2和A3处,直至收割;小麦成熟时,充填开采区域经济产量高于非充填开采区。充填开采区域地块土壤含水量高于非充填开采区域。因此,本文认为充填开采比非充填开采更能保持开采区域上覆土壤的养分和水分。但与正常土壤背景值相比,充填开采区域上覆土壤仍存在某些营养元素（如有机质及磷元素）含量不足的问题,其作为农耕地需要加强人工活动的影响,如增施肥料、加强田间管理等。展开更多
Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases ine...Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases inevitably.Cuttability of deep hard rock was investigated by experimental and regressed analyses to find the reasonable stress adjustment method to improve non-explosive mechanized fragmentation for hard ore-rock.A non-explosive mechanized and intellectualized mining method was proposed to continuously and precisely exploit phosphate underground,which promoted the high-recovery,low-waste and high-efficiency exploitation of phosphate with recovery rate over 90%,dilution rate near 5%and cutting efficiency about 107.7 t/h.A circular economy model and the backfill system were proposed to conduct resource utilizations of solid waste,by which the utilization amount of waste increased year after year.In 2018,the utilization amounts of phosphogypsum,yellow phosphorus slag and waste rock increased to 1853.6×10^3 t/a,291.1×10^3 t/a and 1493.8×10^3 t/a,respectively.展开更多
文摘为了研究煤矿井下充填开采是否能有效保护地表耕地土壤环境,保持土壤肥力,本文以皖北矿业集团公司五沟煤矿充填开采工作面与非充填开采工作面为试验区,在2个工作面对应上方地表分别划分试验区域和对照区域,进行采样、相关土壤指标检测及结果分析。试验区域（充填开采）包括：地表沉陷区坡脚B1处（点1？~点3？）、沉陷区坡面B2处（点4？~点6？）、沉陷区坡顶B3处（点7？~点9？）;对照区域（非充填开采）包括：地表沉陷区坡脚A1处（点1~点3）、沉陷区坡面A2处（点4~点6）、沉陷区坡顶A3处（点7~点9）。每个区域分别在9个采样点内按照0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm 3个土壤深度分层采集土样,对土壤理化性质以及该区域小麦株高和经济产量进行了测定和分析。试验结果显示,充填开采区域土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质在3个土层的平均含量均高于非充填开采区域。试验观测期间,3月份B1处小麦株高小于A1处,5—6月B2和B3处小麦长势均优于A2和A3处,直至收割;小麦成熟时,充填开采区域经济产量高于非充填开采区。充填开采区域地块土壤含水量高于非充填开采区域。因此,本文认为充填开采比非充填开采更能保持开采区域上覆土壤的养分和水分。但与正常土壤背景值相比,充填开采区域上覆土壤仍存在某些营养元素（如有机质及磷元素）含量不足的问题,其作为农耕地需要加强人工活动的影响,如增施肥料、加强田间管理等。
基金Projects(41630642,51904335,51904333)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Innovations of mining technologies were proposed by beneficial utilizations of unfavorable factors such as high geostress,high geotemperature and high mining depth to achieve green mining as mining depth increases inevitably.Cuttability of deep hard rock was investigated by experimental and regressed analyses to find the reasonable stress adjustment method to improve non-explosive mechanized fragmentation for hard ore-rock.A non-explosive mechanized and intellectualized mining method was proposed to continuously and precisely exploit phosphate underground,which promoted the high-recovery,low-waste and high-efficiency exploitation of phosphate with recovery rate over 90%,dilution rate near 5%and cutting efficiency about 107.7 t/h.A circular economy model and the backfill system were proposed to conduct resource utilizations of solid waste,by which the utilization amount of waste increased year after year.In 2018,the utilization amounts of phosphogypsum,yellow phosphorus slag and waste rock increased to 1853.6×10^3 t/a,291.1×10^3 t/a and 1493.8×10^3 t/a,respectively.
