In the last years, biodiesel production has been on a steady increase due to it is renewable and biodegradable fuel. The process to obtain biodiesel can be carried out using different raw materials. It is conlmonly pe...In the last years, biodiesel production has been on a steady increase due to it is renewable and biodegradable fuel. The process to obtain biodiesel can be carried out using different raw materials. It is conlmonly performed by transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol and using a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This work seeks to compare the results produced in transesterification of wasted cooking oil and chicken fat by homogeneous catalysis with NaOH. Due to in each case triglyceride comes from different raw materials, operation conditions differ slightly, which is more evident in the values used for the temperature. For chicken fat was used temperature variations between 35 ℃ and 55 ℃, varying catalyst in percentages between 0.3% and 0.7% with a molar ratio 6：1 in all cases and a reaction time of I h. Likewise, the conditions used in the tmnsesterification process of waste cooking oil were temperature between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ with a molar ratio 6/1 and 9/1 for alcohol and oil, and catalyst percentage between 0.5% and 0.7% by weight. The yields obtained were between 78% and 94%, or 83% and 95%, for chicken fat and wasted cooking oil, respectively.展开更多
Lime mud （LM）, a solid waste from the paper mill, is used as an economic and environmental friendly heterogeneous basic catalyst for transesterification, which is accompanied by characterization of X-ray fluorescenc...Lime mud （LM）, a solid waste from the paper mill, is used as an economic and environmental friendly heterogeneous basic catalyst for transesterification, which is accompanied by characterization of X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, and Hammett indicator method. To investigate the performance of the achieved catalyst, which is activated through calcination, the aspects of calcination temperature, reaction time, mole ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst addition percentage, and reaction temperature are concerned. Characterization of catalyst reveals that LM could be activated through calcination to transform the carbonate and hydrate of calcium into the oxide forms and higher calcination temperature could lead to stronger basic strength. However, N2 adsorption results indicate that higher temperature causes the sintering of the catalyst and shrinkage of the catalyst grains. When LM is activated at 800℃ （LM-800） and the reac- tion is carried out at 64℃ with a methanol to oiL mole ratio of 15：1, catalyst addition percentage of 6%, and reaction time of 2 h, the maximum transesterification conversion of 94.35% could be achieved. Reusability of LM-800 is also investigated com- pared with laboratory grade CaO in five reaction cycles and the results indicate that the catalysts derived from LM can be used as an economic and efficient catalyst for biodiesel production.展开更多
文摘In the last years, biodiesel production has been on a steady increase due to it is renewable and biodegradable fuel. The process to obtain biodiesel can be carried out using different raw materials. It is conlmonly performed by transesterification reaction of vegetable oils with methanol and using a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst. This work seeks to compare the results produced in transesterification of wasted cooking oil and chicken fat by homogeneous catalysis with NaOH. Due to in each case triglyceride comes from different raw materials, operation conditions differ slightly, which is more evident in the values used for the temperature. For chicken fat was used temperature variations between 35 ℃ and 55 ℃, varying catalyst in percentages between 0.3% and 0.7% with a molar ratio 6：1 in all cases and a reaction time of I h. Likewise, the conditions used in the tmnsesterification process of waste cooking oil were temperature between 50 ℃ and 60 ℃ with a molar ratio 6/1 and 9/1 for alcohol and oil, and catalyst percentage between 0.5% and 0.7% by weight. The yields obtained were between 78% and 94%, or 83% and 95%, for chicken fat and wasted cooking oil, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51206098)the Promotive Research Fund for Excellent Young and Middle-aged Scientists of the Shandong Province,China(Grant No.BS2012NJ005)Independent Innovation Foundation of Shandong University(IIFSDU,2011GN048)
文摘Lime mud （LM）, a solid waste from the paper mill, is used as an economic and environmental friendly heterogeneous basic catalyst for transesterification, which is accompanied by characterization of X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption, and Hammett indicator method. To investigate the performance of the achieved catalyst, which is activated through calcination, the aspects of calcination temperature, reaction time, mole ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst addition percentage, and reaction temperature are concerned. Characterization of catalyst reveals that LM could be activated through calcination to transform the carbonate and hydrate of calcium into the oxide forms and higher calcination temperature could lead to stronger basic strength. However, N2 adsorption results indicate that higher temperature causes the sintering of the catalyst and shrinkage of the catalyst grains. When LM is activated at 800℃ （LM-800） and the reac- tion is carried out at 64℃ with a methanol to oiL mole ratio of 15：1, catalyst addition percentage of 6%, and reaction time of 2 h, the maximum transesterification conversion of 94.35% could be achieved. Reusability of LM-800 is also investigated com- pared with laboratory grade CaO in five reaction cycles and the results indicate that the catalysts derived from LM can be used as an economic and efficient catalyst for biodiesel production.
