This paper demonstrates the use of a commercial simulator as a tool with which to optimize the SAGD （steam-assisted gravity drainage） start-up phase process. The factors affecting the start-up phase are the prime ta...This paper demonstrates the use of a commercial simulator as a tool with which to optimize the SAGD （steam-assisted gravity drainage） start-up phase process. The factors affecting the start-up phase are the prime targets. Among the key investigated factors are wellbore geometry effects, reservoir heterogeneity and circulation phase length. Each of the parameters was investigated via steam chamber development observation along the well pair length and the cross sections in the mid, toe and heel areas. In addition, the cumulative recovery in given time, steam-to-oil ratio and CDOR （calendar day oil rate） production data are used to backup the observations produced in the simulated model. Furthermore, an additional component developed during the research is a statistical modification of a layer cake model with which to create a heterogeneous reservoir to represent real reservoir conditions, based on Monte Carlo＇s simulation.展开更多
In the proximity of an active fault, spatial variation of peak ground motion is significantly affected by the faulting mechanism. It has been observed that near fault ground motions consists of different characteristi...In the proximity of an active fault, spatial variation of peak ground motion is significantly affected by the faulting mechanism. It has been observed that near fault ground motions consists of different characteristics compared to the far fault ground motions. Near fault records, in the distance range of less than 100 m from the faults are not available except for few cases. Therefore numerical simulation of ground motions for such near-fault situations is necessary. In addition to the understanding of the phenomenon of near fault ground motion there is a need to enhance our understanding of the possible potential hazard that can be caused due to the future rupture activity by understanding the phenomenon of surface faulting. In this paper we propose numerical simulation based on discrete modeling to investigate the fault rupture propagation and its effect on the surface peak ground acceleration. In the present two dimensional study rupture propagation due to bedrock motion has been observed for different shear wave velocity. A model of size 1000× 150 m is selected for this purpose. It has been observed that as the stiffness of the media is decreasing, the affected surface is decreasing and also width of the shear crack zone is decreasing. Secondly, we attempted to study the ground motion on the surface due to the bedrock motion in presence of boulders in the soil media by keeping the boulder at different positions. We find that there is an increase in the shear zone as well as the PGA on the surface when the boulder is present on the foot wall and in the vicinity of the rupture zone. Finally, we performed the analysis using layered media and studied the affect of crack propagation and also the variation of peak accelerations. Findings from the study can be utilized to assess the damage potential of the near fault areas.展开更多
In this work, thermodynamical properties of a two-dimensional （21）） Lennard-Jones （L J） fluid are studied. Here, to increase the accuracy of our theoretical calculations, the correlation functions in three-partic...In this work, thermodynamical properties of a two-dimensional （21）） Lennard-Jones （L J） fluid are studied. Here, to increase the accuracy of our theoretical calculations, the correlation functions in three-particle level （triplet） are applied. To obtain the triplet correlation functions, the Attard＇s source particle method is extended to 21） systems. In the Attard＇s procedure, the inhomogeneous Ornstein Zernike （OZ） equation is solved using the Treizenberg Zwanzwig （TZ） expression and a closure relation like the hy2ernetted-chain （HNC） approximation. In the present work, we also have performed the Monte Carlo （MC） simulation. The theoretical results are in fairly agreement with the MC simulation. Also, our results show that the approach proposed here is suitable to study the 2D LJ fluid.展开更多
文摘This paper demonstrates the use of a commercial simulator as a tool with which to optimize the SAGD （steam-assisted gravity drainage） start-up phase process. The factors affecting the start-up phase are the prime targets. Among the key investigated factors are wellbore geometry effects, reservoir heterogeneity and circulation phase length. Each of the parameters was investigated via steam chamber development observation along the well pair length and the cross sections in the mid, toe and heel areas. In addition, the cumulative recovery in given time, steam-to-oil ratio and CDOR （calendar day oil rate） production data are used to backup the observations produced in the simulated model. Furthermore, an additional component developed during the research is a statistical modification of a layer cake model with which to create a heterogeneous reservoir to represent real reservoir conditions, based on Monte Carlo＇s simulation.
文摘In the proximity of an active fault, spatial variation of peak ground motion is significantly affected by the faulting mechanism. It has been observed that near fault ground motions consists of different characteristics compared to the far fault ground motions. Near fault records, in the distance range of less than 100 m from the faults are not available except for few cases. Therefore numerical simulation of ground motions for such near-fault situations is necessary. In addition to the understanding of the phenomenon of near fault ground motion there is a need to enhance our understanding of the possible potential hazard that can be caused due to the future rupture activity by understanding the phenomenon of surface faulting. In this paper we propose numerical simulation based on discrete modeling to investigate the fault rupture propagation and its effect on the surface peak ground acceleration. In the present two dimensional study rupture propagation due to bedrock motion has been observed for different shear wave velocity. A model of size 1000× 150 m is selected for this purpose. It has been observed that as the stiffness of the media is decreasing, the affected surface is decreasing and also width of the shear crack zone is decreasing. Secondly, we attempted to study the ground motion on the surface due to the bedrock motion in presence of boulders in the soil media by keeping the boulder at different positions. We find that there is an increase in the shear zone as well as the PGA on the surface when the boulder is present on the foot wall and in the vicinity of the rupture zone. Finally, we performed the analysis using layered media and studied the affect of crack propagation and also the variation of peak accelerations. Findings from the study can be utilized to assess the damage potential of the near fault areas.
文摘In this work, thermodynamical properties of a two-dimensional （21）） Lennard-Jones （L J） fluid are studied. Here, to increase the accuracy of our theoretical calculations, the correlation functions in three-particle level （triplet） are applied. To obtain the triplet correlation functions, the Attard＇s source particle method is extended to 21） systems. In the Attard＇s procedure, the inhomogeneous Ornstein Zernike （OZ） equation is solved using the Treizenberg Zwanzwig （TZ） expression and a closure relation like the hy2ernetted-chain （HNC） approximation. In the present work, we also have performed the Monte Carlo （MC） simulation. The theoretical results are in fairly agreement with the MC simulation. Also, our results show that the approach proposed here is suitable to study the 2D LJ fluid.
