英国非大量出血患者新鲜冰冻血浆和冷沉淀输注指南的推荐意见及其启示

英国血液病学会（British Society for Haematology,BSH）新近发布了《新鲜冰冻血浆和冷沉淀种类、处理和除了大出血以外的各类患者输注指南》^（[1]）（以下简称《指南》）,对2004年发布的《新鲜冰冻血浆、冷沉淀和冷上清应用指南》^（[2]）（以下简称《2004版指南》）做了修订和更新,针对新鲜冰冻血浆（fresh frozen plasma,FFP）和冷沉淀的质量要求、制备、保存和处理、血浆成分的选择、非出血患者侵入性操作前的凝血试验结果异常与FFP输注的作用、血浆输注适应证与非适应证，给出了30余条推荐意见或临床要点。

非大量蛋白尿狼疮肾炎患者肾脏病理严重程度的危险因素分析

目的研究影响非大量蛋白尿(24h蛋白尿<3. 5 g)狼疮肾炎(LN)患者肾脏病理严重程度的危险因素以及预后情况。方法纳入2004年1月1日至2018年3月31日于华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院行肾脏穿刺活检确诊为LN并且起始24h蛋白尿<3. 5 g的患者作为研究对象,记录患者肾活检时相关临床信息,并行规律随访。对所有患者肾活检时的病理切片进行重新阅片,采用统一标准进行评分,根据患者肾脏病理严重程度分为病理轻组和病理重组。采用Log-rank检验比较两组的缓解率差异。采用Logistic回归方程分析影响非大量蛋白尿LN患者肾脏病理严重程度的危险因素。结果共纳入95例非大量蛋白尿LN患者,以女性为主,平均年龄(32. 4±1. 1)岁,其中有随访者共79人。肾脏病理轻组43例,肾脏病理重组52例,病理轻组患者血红蛋白、血清IgA水平均高于病理重组(P <0. 05),而血氯水平显著低于病理重组(P <0. 05)。随访结果显示,病理轻组患者的远期(大于6个月)累积完全缓解率大于病理重组(P <0. 05)。多因素Logistic回归结果提示,年龄(OR=1. 219,95%CI:1. 043～1. 425,P <0. 05)、SLEDAI-2K评分(OR=1. 202,95%CI:1. 025～1. 411,P <0. 05)、起始蛋白尿定量(OR=3. 793,95%CI:1. 058～13. 595,P <0. 05)、血清IgA水平(OR=0. 222,95%CI:0. 063～0. 781,P <0. 05)是肾脏病理重的独立危险因素。结论老龄、高SLEDAI-2K评分、高起始蛋白尿定量和低血清IgA水平可能与非大量蛋白尿LN患者的肾脏病理较重相关。

不同输血方法对急性上消化道非大量出血患者预后的影响

目的:探讨不同输血方法对急性上消化道非大量出血患者预后的影响。方法:选取本院2016年1月-2018年1月收治的急性上消化道非大量出血患者86例,所有患者均给予抑酸、抑酶、止血等常规药物加输血治疗。依据输血方式的不同,将行限制性输血治疗者设为限制组(n=56),行积极行输血治疗者设为积极组(n=30),记录患者的输液量、住院时间、输血情况(输血次数、输血量、输血前及出院时血红蛋白水平)、住院期间不良事件情况(再出血、死亡、并发症)等。结果:两组患者每日输液量、输血次数、输血量比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.059、1.227、1.579,P>0.05);限制组输血前血红蛋白水平(59.37±10.08)g/L,低于积极组的(81.44±11.46)g/L(t=4.094,P<0.05),但出院时两组患者的血红蛋白水平(98.64±12.06)g/L vs(104.94±13.07)g/L比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.941,P>0.05);限制组患者的死亡率为5.36%,与积极组的6.67%比较差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.157,P>0.05);限制组患者的住院时间(8.06±0.35)d,短于积极组的(11.64±0.69)d(t=6.087,P<0.05);限制组和积极组患者的再出血发生率(8.93% vs 13.33%)、并发症发生率(17.88% vs 26.67%)比较,差异均有统计学意义(χ^(2)=8.357、7.034,P<0.05)。结论:限制性输血和积极性输血均是急性上消化道非大量出血的有效治疗方法,但限制性输血可缩短住院时间,减少再出血和并发症的发生,可考虑推广使用。

非创伤性大量胸腔积液患者病因及临床特点的分析

目的:分析非创伤性大量胸腔积液患者的常见病因及临床特点。方法:选取2016年6月至2020年6月期间北京市顺义区医院呼吸内科收治的90例非创伤性大量胸腔积液患者作为研究的对象。根据这90例患者的年龄,将他们分为青年组、中年组和老年组。对比观察这三组患者的病因、临床症状、胸腔积液的性质、发生胸腔积液的部位以及结核性胸腔积液和恶性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液中腺苷脱氨酶(ADA)的水平、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的水平和单核细胞的水平。结果:老年组患者的病因主要为患有恶性肿瘤,青年组和中年组患者的病因主要为患有结核性胸膜炎。三组患者主要的症状均为咳嗽和呼吸困难。三组患者的胸腔积液主要为渗出液。多数胸腔积液患者都为单侧发病,且以右侧为主。结核性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液中ADA的水平和单核细胞的水平均高于恶性胸腔积液患者,其胸腔积液中LDH的水平低于恶性胸腔积液患者,P<0.05。结论:在非创伤性大量胸腔积液患者中,青、中年患者的病因主要为患有结核性胸膜炎,老年患者的病因主要为患有恶性肿瘤。非创伤性大量胸腔积液患者主要的临床症状为咳嗽和呼吸困难,其胸腔积液多为渗出液,其发病部位多为单侧。结核性胸腔积液患者胸腔积液中ADA的水平和单核细胞的水平会明显高于恶性胸腔积液患者,其胸腔积液中LDH的水平会明显低于恶性胸腔积液患者。上述情况可作为临床上诊断、鉴别诊断和治疗非创伤性大量胸腔积液的参考依据。

The Asymptotic Stability for a Class of Nonlinear Large Sceale System

This paper an cited instances in illustration of the incorrectness of the criteria of asymptotic stability of a class of nonlinear large seale system that L_j·T·Grujie gave in paper [1] by the comparison theory and then corrected it,and has given the sufficient conditions of the asymptotic stability.

Probabilistic Teleportation of an Arbitrary Unknown Two-Qubit State via Positive Operator-Valued Measure and Two Non-maximally Entangled States

We present a scheme for probabilistically teleporting an arbitrary unknown two-qubit state through a quantum channel made up of two nonidentical non-maximally entangled states. In this scheme, the probabilistic teleportation is realized by using a proper positive operator-valued measure instead of usual projective measurement.

Spectrum Correction in Study of Solvation Dynamics by Fluorescence Non-collinear Optical Parametric Amplification Spectroscopy

Femtosecond time-resolved fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spec- troscopy can extract the curve of spectral gain from its parametric superfluorescence. This unique spectrum correction method enables fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy acquiring the genuine transient fluorescence spectrum of the studied system. In this work we employ fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy technique to study the solvation dynamics of DCM dye in ethanol solution, and confirm that genuine solvation correlation function and shift of peak frequency can be derived from transient fluorescence spectra after the spectral gain correction. It demonstrates that fluorescence non-collinear optical parametric amplification spectroscopy can benefit the research fields, which focuses on both fluorescence intensity dynamics and fluorescence spectral shape evolution.

Controlled Secure Quantum Communication Using Pure Entangled W Class States

We present a controlled secure quantum communication protocol using non-maximally （pure） entangled W states first, and then discuss the basic requirements for a real quantum communication. We show that the authorized two users can exchange their secret messages with the help of the controller after purifying the non-maximally entangled states quantum channel unconditionally securely and simultaneously. Our quantum communication protocol seems even more feasible within present technologies.

Unknown State Transmission Using GHZ States via Collective Noise Channel

Two protocols for transmitting an unknown single-photon state and an unknown non-maximally entangledEPR state are presented by using the quantum channel of three-phonton GHZ (Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger) state,which can be realized with unitary success probability when collective noise is taken into account.The protocols canalso be generalized to transmit multi-photon state or to realize quantum communication in collective noise channel.

Initial Results of Lidar Measured Middle Atmosphere Temperatures over Tibetan Plateau

During August 2013,a mobile Rayleigh lidar was deployed in Lhasa,Tibet(29.6°N,91.0°E) for making measurements of middle atmosphere densities and temperatures from 30 to 90 km.In this paper,the authors present the initial results from this scientific campaign,Middle Atmosphere Remote Mobile Observatory in Tibet(MARMOT),and compared the results to the MSIS-00(Mass Spectrometer and Incoherent Scatter) model.This work will advance our understanding of middle atmosphere dynamic processes,especially over the Tibetan Plateau area.

Application of Unscented Kalman Filter in Satellite Orbit Simulation

A new estimate method is proposed, which takes advantage of the unscented transform method, thus the true mean and covariance are approximated more accurately. The new method can be applied to non-linear systems without the linearization process necessary for the EKF, and it does not demand a Gaussian distribution of noise and what’s more, its ease of implementation and more accurate estimation features enables it to demonstrate its good performance in the experiment of satellite orbit simulation. Numerical experiments show that the application of the unscented Kalman filter is more effective than the EKF.

Application of Interval Newton Method to Solve Nonlinear Equations and Global Optimization

The basic principle of interval arithmetic and the basic algorithm of the interval Newton methods are introduced.The prototype algorithm can not find any zero in an interval that has zero sometimes,that is,it is instable.So the prototype relaxation procedure is improved in this paper.Additionally,an immediate test of the existence of a solution following branch_and_bound is proposed,which avoids unwanted computations in those intervals that have no solution.The numerical results demonstrat that the improved interval Newton method is superior to prototype algorithm in terms of solution quality,stability and convergent speed.

Salsa dance and Zumba fitness: Acute responses during community-based classes

Background： Research interest in both partnered Latin dance and non-partnered Latin-themed aerobic dance has increased in recent years, likely a result of the gaining popularity of these types of instructor-led group classes among the mainstream dance and fitness audiences; however, the efficacy of these activities for the purposes of health promotion currently remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to simultaneously assess the physiological responses and psychological experiences during salsa dance and Zumba fitness in a community sample of physically inactive women. Methods： Twenty-four participants, aged 22-56 years, visited the laboratory to perform a graded exercise test for determination of maximal oxygen uptake and maximal heart rate. The participants then attended 2 partnered salsa dance and 2 non-partnered Zumba fitness classes each in a counterbalanced order over a 2-week period. The 1-h classes were taught by certified instructors in established venues in the Royal Borough of Kingston and the surrounding communities of London, UK. Physiological data were collected using a wrist-worn ActiGraph wGT3X＋ acceler- ometer with accompanying heart rate monitor and were processed using previously validated dance-specific techniques. Psychological experiences were measured via the Subjective Exercise Experiences Scale. Results： There was a significantly higher （p 〈 0.001） total time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity （51.2± 3.1 vs. 32.6 ±5.9 min）, total energy expenditure （411±66 vs. 210 ± 46 kcal）, and total step count （6773 ± 556 vs. 4108 ±781 steps） during Zumba fitness when compared to salsa dance. Significant pre- to post-class improvements in positive well-being （p 〈 0.01, partial 7/2 = 0.4l） and psychological distress （p 〈 0.001, partial 02 = 0.72） were simultaneously observed for both salsa dance and Zumba fitness. Conclusion： The acute responses to classes of partnered Latin dance and non-partnered Latin-themed aerobic dance suggest that in physically inactive women participation is indeed efficacious in terms of community-based physical activity and psychosocial health promotion.

Hypothetical Commercialization of Biotech Soybeans in China： Impacts on Domestic Markets and International Trade

China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.

The 2007-2009 Financial Crisis on Emerging Markets： Quantitative Identification of Crisis in Continent-based Regions

This paper focuses on a direct quantitative identification of crisis periods in selected emerging stock markets from four continent-based regions of Europe, Latin America, East Asia, and Middle East and North Africa （MENA）, in the context of an influence of the 2007 U.S. subprime financial crisis. The 17 emerging stock markets and, for comparison, the U.S. stock market are investigated. A statistical method of dividing market states into bullish and bearish markets, based on monthly logarithmic returns of major stock market indexes, is employed. The analyzed sample period begins in January 2003 and ends in December 2013. As there is no unanimity in the literature about the crisis periods in the continent-based regions, a formal statistical identification of crises is worthwhile to conduct. Furthermore, the effect of increasing cross-market correlations in the crisis compared to the pre-crisis period in the context of contagion is examining. To address this issue, both standard contemporaneous cross-correlations and volatility-adjusted cross-correlations are applied. The results are consistent with the literature and confn＇m that tests for contagion based on cross-market correlations are problematic due to the bias introduced by changing volatility in market returns. As contagion can be confused with globalization, the globalization tests in the group of international investigated markets are employed. The results generally do not confirm a global world market integration effect, i.e. there is no reason to reject the research hypothesis of no globalization during the 2007-2009 financial crisis.

Gastroenterology training in Latin America

Latin America is characterized by ethnic, geographical, cultural, and economic diversity; therefore, training in gastroenterology in the region must be considered in this context. The continent’s medical education is characterized by a lack of standards and the volume of research continues to be relatively small. There is a multiplicity of events in general gastroenterology and in sub-disciplines, both at regional and local levels, which ensure that many colleagues have access to information. Medical education programs must be based on a clinical vision and be considered in close contact with the patients. The programs should be properly supervised, appropriately defined, and evaluated on a regular basis. The disparity between the patients’ needs, the scarce resources available, and the pressures exerted by the health systems on doctors are frequent cited by those complaining of poor professionalism. Teaching development can play a critical role in ensuring the quality of teaching and learning in universities. Continuing professional development programs activities must be planned on the basis of the doctors’ needs, with clearly defined objectives and using proper learning methodologies designed for adults. They must be evaluated and accredited by a competent body, so that they may become the basis of a professional regulatory system. The specialty has made progress in the last decades, offering doctors various possibilities for professional development. The world gastroenterology organization has contributed to the speciality through three distinctive, but closely inter-related, programs: Training Centers, Train-the-Trainers, and Global Guidelines, in which Latin America is deeply involved.

Multiparty-controlled teleportation of an arbitrary GHZ-class state by using a d-dimensional (N+2)-particle nonmaximally entangled state as the quantum channel

We present a scheme for multiparty-controlled teleportation of an arbitrary high-dimensional GHZ-class state with a d-dimensional (N+2)-particle GHZ state following some ideas from the teleportation (Chinese Physics B, 2007, 16: 2867). This scheme has the advantage of transmitting much fewer particles for controlled teleportation of an arbitrary multiparticle GHZ-class state. Moreover,we discuss the application of this scheme by using a nonmaximally entangled state as its quantum channel.

Programmable quantum logic gates using teleportation with non-maximally entangled states

A scheme is proposed for involving programmable quantum logic gates via teleportation,which is a unique technique in quantum mechanics.In our scheme,considering the inevitable decoherence caused by noisy environment,the quantum states are not maximally entangled.We show the implementation of single qubit quantum gates and controlled-NOT(C-NOT) gate,which are universal quantum gates.Hence,any quantum gate can be implemented by using teleportation withnon-maximally entangled states.Furthermore,two schemes in differet connections of universal gates are proposed and compared,and our results show the parallel connection outperforms the cascade connection.

Experimental realization of single-shot nonadiabatic holonomic gates in nuclear spins

Nonadiabatic holonomic quantum computation has received increasing attention due to its robustness against control errors. However, all the previous schemes have to use at least two sequentially implemented gates to realize a general one-qubit gate. Based on two recent reports, we construct two Hamiltonians and experimentally realized nonadiabatic holonomic gates by a single-shot implementation in a two-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR） system. Two noncommuting one-qubit holonomic gates, rotating along .~ and ~ axes respectively, are implemented by evolving a work qubit and an ancillary qubit nonadiabatically following a quantum circuit designed. Using a sequence compiler developed for NMR quantum information processor, we optimize the whole pulse sequence, minimizing the total error of the implementation. Finally, all the nonadiabatic holonomic gates reach high unattenuated experimental fidelities over 98%.

A New Scheme for Probabilistic Teleportation and Its Potential Applications

We propose a novel scheme to probabilistically teleport an unknown two-level quantum state when the information of the partially entangled state is only available for the sender. This is in contrast with the fact that the receiver must know the non-maximally entangled state in previous typical schemes for the teleportation. Additionally, we illustrate two potential applications of the novel scheme for probabilistic teleportation from a sender to a receiver with the help of an assistant, who plays distinct roles under different communication conditions, and our results show that the novel proposal could enlarge the applied range of probabilistic teleportation.