Human health has been potentially threatened by cadmium (Cd) contained in sewage irrigation water.Previous studies of Cd transport in soils were mainly conducted using small soil cores with pH values less than 6.The o...Human health has been potentially threatened by cadmium (Cd) contained in sewage irrigation water.Previous studies of Cd transport in soils were mainly conducted using small soil cores with pH values less than 6.The objectives of this study were to determine the parameters of the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) for Cd transport in relatively larger columns with neutral and alkaline soils,and to investigate the parameters' variability with depth.The soil columns were 50 cm in length and 12.5 cm in diameter.Ceramic suction lysimeters were buried at depths of 2.5,7.5,17.5,27.5,and 37.5 cm to abstract soil solution.Cd concentration in the soil solution samples were subsequently analyzed to obtain breakthrough curves (BTCs).Equilibrium and nonequilibrium models in CXTFIT program were used to estimate parameters of the CDE.The results suggested that both equilibrium and non-equilibrium models performed well in modeling Cd transport.The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (D) ranged from 0.18 to 10.70 cm 2 h 1,showing large differences among different depths.The retardation factor (R d) ranged from 25.4 to 54.7 and the standard deviation of R d value was lower than 30% of the mean value.Precipitation coefficient (R p) decreased consistently with increasing depth,varying from 1.000 × 10 10 to 0.661 h 1.Sensitivity tests showed that D was less sensitive than R d.These results would be helpful in understanding the transport and retention of Cd in non-acidic soils.展开更多
In this paper, we study the effects of an unintended dopant in the channel on the current-voltage char-acteristics of a Double-Gate (DG) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Non-Equilibrium Gree...In this paper, we study the effects of an unintended dopant in the channel on the current-voltage char-acteristics of a Double-Gate (DG) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) approach is used. A quantum transport model to calculate the drain current is presented and subthreshold swing and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) effect are studied.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51179166)the National Basic Research Program(973 Program) of China (No. 2006CB403406)
文摘Human health has been potentially threatened by cadmium (Cd) contained in sewage irrigation water.Previous studies of Cd transport in soils were mainly conducted using small soil cores with pH values less than 6.The objectives of this study were to determine the parameters of the convection-dispersion equation (CDE) for Cd transport in relatively larger columns with neutral and alkaline soils,and to investigate the parameters' variability with depth.The soil columns were 50 cm in length and 12.5 cm in diameter.Ceramic suction lysimeters were buried at depths of 2.5,7.5,17.5,27.5,and 37.5 cm to abstract soil solution.Cd concentration in the soil solution samples were subsequently analyzed to obtain breakthrough curves (BTCs).Equilibrium and nonequilibrium models in CXTFIT program were used to estimate parameters of the CDE.The results suggested that both equilibrium and non-equilibrium models performed well in modeling Cd transport.The hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient (D) ranged from 0.18 to 10.70 cm 2 h 1,showing large differences among different depths.The retardation factor (R d) ranged from 25.4 to 54.7 and the standard deviation of R d value was lower than 30% of the mean value.Precipitation coefficient (R p) decreased consistently with increasing depth,varying from 1.000 × 10 10 to 0.661 h 1.Sensitivity tests showed that D was less sensitive than R d.These results would be helpful in understanding the transport and retention of Cd in non-acidic soils.
基金Supported of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61171010 and 61171011the State Key Laboratory of ASIC and System is Appreciated under Grant No. 11MS015the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research (973) under Grant No. 2011CBA00603
文摘In this paper, we study the effects of an unintended dopant in the channel on the current-voltage char-acteristics of a Double-Gate (DG) Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET). Non-Equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) approach is used. A quantum transport model to calculate the drain current is presented and subthreshold swing and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) effect are studied.
