Regarding mobile machinery, particularly agricultural tractors, there is an ongoing competition for the most suitable technology to achieve optimum functionality with maximum efficiency. In this competition, the effic...Regarding mobile machinery, particularly agricultural tractors, there is an ongoing competition for the most suitable technology to achieve optimum functionality with maximum efficiency. In this competition, the efficiency of electric series-hybrid powertrains （ESHPs） is often depicted as worse than the efficiency of mechanical-hydraulic power-split powertrains （MHPSPs）. On closer inspection of these statements, however, systematic errors, such as unequal balance limits, neglected size effects and nonlinearities, non-observance of recent technical developments and standards, or erroneous application of research results regarding MHPSPs on ESHPs are often evident. For verification （and under avoidance of the systematic errors mentioned above）, the losses of an ESHP of 150 kW power are for example calculated and compared with the losses of a typical MHPSP of the same power. The comparison of the losses shows that the ESHP clearly exceeds the efficiency of the comparative MHPSP in the main working range and that there is still potential for improvement.展开更多
Kibera is the largest urban slum in Nairobi with over 900,000 inhabitants. This urban slum is plagued by unsanitary conditions, such as high density, dust, mud, squalor, hazards, litter, and smell. As a result of thes...Kibera is the largest urban slum in Nairobi with over 900,000 inhabitants. This urban slum is plagued by unsanitary conditions, such as high density, dust, mud, squalor, hazards, litter, and smell. As a result of these deplorable conditions, Umande Trust, a local non-governmental organization （NGO）, has developed a new educational initiative using biotechnology to turn human waste into gas for cooking. This initiative supports Freire＇s （2000） theory pedagogy of the oppressed, which will serve as the theoretical framework, in which the people who have been oppressed and/or have had to endure the horrible conditions in which they live play an active role in their development to regain their humanity. Jacobson （2004） raised a critical question that will be the focal point of this study regarding development： ＂Who is better suited to help Africa determine her future＂ （p. 75）. Using a qualitative case study design, the answer to this question will be answered in terms of Kibera specifically and its use of bio-technology as a sustainable development initiative. This study will also assess the use of communication in this approach.展开更多
文摘Regarding mobile machinery, particularly agricultural tractors, there is an ongoing competition for the most suitable technology to achieve optimum functionality with maximum efficiency. In this competition, the efficiency of electric series-hybrid powertrains （ESHPs） is often depicted as worse than the efficiency of mechanical-hydraulic power-split powertrains （MHPSPs）. On closer inspection of these statements, however, systematic errors, such as unequal balance limits, neglected size effects and nonlinearities, non-observance of recent technical developments and standards, or erroneous application of research results regarding MHPSPs on ESHPs are often evident. For verification （and under avoidance of the systematic errors mentioned above）, the losses of an ESHP of 150 kW power are for example calculated and compared with the losses of a typical MHPSP of the same power. The comparison of the losses shows that the ESHP clearly exceeds the efficiency of the comparative MHPSP in the main working range and that there is still potential for improvement.
文摘Kibera is the largest urban slum in Nairobi with over 900,000 inhabitants. This urban slum is plagued by unsanitary conditions, such as high density, dust, mud, squalor, hazards, litter, and smell. As a result of these deplorable conditions, Umande Trust, a local non-governmental organization （NGO）, has developed a new educational initiative using biotechnology to turn human waste into gas for cooking. This initiative supports Freire＇s （2000） theory pedagogy of the oppressed, which will serve as the theoretical framework, in which the people who have been oppressed and/or have had to endure the horrible conditions in which they live play an active role in their development to regain their humanity. Jacobson （2004） raised a critical question that will be the focal point of this study regarding development： ＂Who is better suited to help Africa determine her future＂ （p. 75）. Using a qualitative case study design, the answer to this question will be answered in terms of Kibera specifically and its use of bio-technology as a sustainable development initiative. This study will also assess the use of communication in this approach.
