非探空站点探空资料的获取及应用

非探空站点探空资料的获取及应用康宁李德友（四川省茂县气象局，６２３２００）茂县地处青藏高原东南侧边缘地带，境内高山林立，河谷深邃。这样的地形环境，决定了对流性降水多的特点。与许多基层台站一样，本站无探空资料，而对流性强降水预报是预报人员长期以来探索的...

非声探潜技术现状及其对抗措施

介绍了雷达探测技术、磁探测技术、激光探测技术、尾迹探测技术、废气探测技术、红外探测技术及其他一些非声探潜技术的发展现状及趋势。通过对各种非声探潜器材的使用条件和技术性能的分析,找出了其探测潜艇的优势与不足,并有针对性地提出了保持和提高潜艇隐蔽性的有效措施,提高了潜艇的战斗能力。

非声探潜技术在航空尾迹探潜上的应用

主要介绍了非声探潜技术在航空尾迹探潜上的应用。通过对航迹尾流、气泡尾流、热尾流、生物尾流和磁尾流等潜艇尾迹的特征的阐述,针对不同的特征,分别给出了SAR、激光雷达、红外辐射测温、光谱成像和低频磁异常探测等相应的非声探测技术。分析了各探潜方法的优缺点,以及与航空平台的结合点,展望了非声探测技术在航空尾迹探潜方面的应用前景。

塔里木北部非地震综合物化探成果与勘探靶区预测

总结了塔里木盆地北部十年来非地震综合物化探勘查生产和科研攻关工作在技术方法和理论方面取得的重要进展，结合地质构造及成藏条件等资料成果，对近10000km2面积内获得的27个地面物化探综合异常进行全面系统的分析研究，归并为一个异常区，两个异常带，并预测了7块不同级别的勘查靶区。根据存在的主要问题和需要重视的地区及领域提出了几点建议。

Seismic random noise suppression using an adaptive nonlocal means algorithm

Nonlocal means filtering is a noise attenuation method based on redundancies in image information. It is also a nonlocal denoising method that uses the self-similarity of an image, assuming that the valid structures of the image have a certain degree of repeatability that the random noise lacks. In this paper, we use nonlocal means filtering in seismic random noise suppression. To overcome the problems caused by expensive computational costs and improper filter parameters, this paper proposes a block-wise implementation of the nonlocal means method with adaptive filter parameter estimation. Tests with synthetic data and real 2D post-stack seismic data demonstrate that the proposed algorithm better preserves valid seismic information and has a higher accuracy when compared with traditional seismic denoising methods （e.g., f-x deconvolution）, which is important for subsequent seismic processing and interpretation.

Application of Seismic Inversion Using Logging Data as Constraints in Coalfield

Seismic inversion and basic theory are briefly presented and the main idea of this method is introduced. Both non-linear wave equation inversion technique and Complete Utilization of Samples Information (CUSI) neural network analysis are used in lithological interpretation in Jibei coal field. The prediction results indicate that this method can provide reliable data for thin coal exploitation and promising area evaluation.

The Bullet旧管置换新概念——裂管法简介

本文介绍了一种置换旧管的新方法－－裂管法。文中简要介绍了该法所配备的设备、施工原理、工艺流程以及应用实例。

Vehicle Detection in Still Images by Using Boosted Local Feature Detector

Vehicle detectition in still images is a comparatively difficult task. This paper presents a method for this task by using boosted local pattern detector constructed from two local features including Haar-like and oriented gradient features. The whole process is composed of three stages. In the first stage, local appearance features of vehicles and non-vehicle objects are extracted. Haar-tike and oriented gradient features are extracted separately in this stage as local features. In the second stage, Adabeost algorithm is used to select the most discriminative features as weak detectors from the two local feature sets, and a strong local pattern detector is built by the weighted combination of these selected weak detectors. Finally, vehicle detection can be performed in still images by using the boosted strong local feature detector. Experiment results show that the local pattern detector constructed in this way combines the advantages of Haar-like and oriented gradient features, and can achieve better detection results than the detector by using single Haar-like features.

Principles About Batho Pele Principles： South African Exploration and Analyses

This paper explores Batho Pele principles within the ambit of the South African legislative framework regularizing the public service. It informs that there are original principles apprising what is commonly referred to as Batho Pele principles. The original principles are principles about Batho Pele principles. Batho Pele principles are not Bantu principles due to the historical and derogatory orientation of the phrase ＂Bantu＂. They are people orientated principles. The analytical axis is premised on that Batho Pele principles are more about the people than about themselves. The people are not only first in relation with the principles but are the first to be first before the principles were documented. The principles are developed by the people in order to regularize the actions of the public functionaries. The Batho Pele principles and the original principles do not exist in isolation. They are deeply rooted in the societal value systems of the people that existed from one generation to the other to the subsequent, emphasizing the centrality of people in relation to principles. The people＇s centrality is accentuated with references to a reasonable number of specific people orientated instruments that have bearing in the global and international arena.

Design for CNN Templates with Performance of Global Connectivity Detection

The cellular neural/nonlinear network (CNN) is a powerful tool for image and video signal processing,robotic and biological visions. This paper discusses a general method for designing template of the global connectivitydetection (GCD) CNN, which provides parameter inequalities for determining parameter intervals for implementing thecorresponding functions. The GCD CNN has stronger ability and faster rate for determining global connectivity in binarypatterns than the GCD CNN proposed by Zarandy. An example for detecting the connectivity in complex patterns isgiven.

Optical readout uncooled infrared imaging detector using knife-edge filter operation

An optical readout uncooled infrared （IR） imaging detector of bimaterial cantilever array using knife-edge filter operation （KEFO） is demonstrated. The angle change of each cantilever in a focal plane array （FPA） can be simultaneously detected with a resolution of 10.5 degree. A deformation magnifying substrate-free micro-cantilever unit with multi-fold interval metaUized legs is specially designed and modeled. A FPA with 160×160 pixels is fabricated and thermal images with noise equivalent temperature difference （NETD） of 400 mK are obtained by this imaging detector.

Environmental Degradation Resulting from Oil Exploitation, and Population Displacement in the NigerDelta, Nigeria

Oil and gas exploration in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria began some fifty four （54） years ago. Since the early sixties till now, oil from this region of the Nigeria has been the major foreign exchange earner for the sustenance of the economy. Unfortunate to note is the fact that since oil exploration and exploitation began in the country in the Niger Delta, the region had not been at peace. The region had suffered all forms of environmental degradation resulting from crude oil spillage and gas flares. The peoples＇ source of livelihood has been destabilized thereby leading to high rate of poverty, social crises/conflict and involuntary migration of people for both security and succour. The people of the region are thus in severe pains and risk of extermination should the present trend of environmental degradation and negligence persist. Thus, this paper addresses the plight of the Niger Delta as a case study of the effect of environmental degradation on human vulnerability. It is believed that continuous existence of the Niger Delta people as a social sect is dependent on how prompt efforts are made to combat the environment nuisance in the region.

Reverse time migration imaging of tunnels via the finite element method using an unstructured mesh

Wavefield extrapolation is critical in reverse time migration(RTM).The finite diff erence method is primarily used to achieve wavefi eld extrapolation in case of the RTM imaging of tunnels.However,complex tunnel models,including those for karsts and fault fracture zones,are constructed using regular grids with straight curves,which can cause numerical dispersion and reduce the imaging accuracy.In this study,wavefi eld extrapolation was conducted for tunnel RTM using the finite element method,wherein an unstructured mesh was considered to be the body-fi tted partition in a complex model.Further,a Poynting vector calculation equation suitable for the unstructured mesh considered in the fi nite element method was established to suppress the interference owing to low-frequency noise.The tunnel space was considered during wavefi eld extrapolation to suppress the mirror artifacts based on the fl exibility of mesh generation.Finally,the infl uence of the survey layouts(one and two sidewalls)on the tunnel imaging results was investigated.The RTM results obtained for a simple tunnel model with an inclined interface demonstrate that the method based on unstructured meshes can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise and mirror artifacts,obtaining clear imaging results.Furthermore,the two-sidewall tunnel survey layout can be used to accurately obtain the real position of the inclined interface ahead of the tunnel face.The complex tunnel numerical modeling and actual data migration results denote the eff ectiveness of the fi nite element method in which an unstructured mesh is used.

Non-PLL high-precision synchronous sampling method among lots of acoustics acquisition channels for underwater multilinear array seismic exploration system

Synchronous sampling is very essential in underwater multilinear array seismic exploration system in which every acquisition node(AN)samples analog signals by its own analog-digital converter(ADC).Aiming at the problems of complex synchronous sampling method and long locking time after varying sampling rate in traditional underwater seismic exploration system,an improved synchronous sampling model based on the master-slave synchronous model and local clock asynchronous drive with non phase locked loop(PLL)is built,and a high-precision synchronous sampling method is proposed,which combines the short-term stability of local asynchronous driving clock with the master-slave synchronous calibration of local sampling clock.Based on the improved synchronous sampling model,the influence of clock stability,transmission delay and phase jitter on synchronous sampling error is analyzed,and a high-precision calibration method of synchronous sampling error based on step-by-step compensation of transmission delay is proposed.The model and method effectively realize the immunity of phase jitter on synchronous sampling error in principle,and compensate the influence of signal transmission delay on synchronous sampling error.At the same time,it greatly reduces the complexity of software and hardware implementation of synchronous sampling,and solves the problem of long locking time after changing the sampling rate in traditional methods.The experimental system of synchronous sampling for dual linear array is built,and the synchronous sampling accuracy is better than 5 ns.

Dual-Wavelength Linearization of Radio-over-Fiber Link for Broadband Access and Ubiquitous Sensing

Radio-over-Fiber （RoF） technologies have been considered to be a promising solution to broadband access and ubiquitous sensing. We present a novel approach using dual-wavelength lights to suppress the nonlinear intermodulation distortion in intensity-modulated RoF link both theoretically and experimentally. The system we proposed rminly consists of two Laser Diodes （LDs） at different wavelengths, a commercial available Mach-Zehnder Modulator （MZM） and a Photo Detector （PD）. More than 25 dB suppression of the Third-order Interrnodulation Distortion （IMD3） is achieved by adjusting the wavelength and opti- cal power of the laser. Besides, the output of the MZM is then sent to the photodetector via a single fiber, which simplifies the system complexity for distrbution of RF signals over long distances.

Energy Mineral Resources of Greece

Greece, in relation to many other countries of similar size, is very advantageous for the mineral wealth it possesses. Great variety, mostly industrial and metallic minerals, and energy mineral raw materials such as lignite, are in its subsoil. The probable and proven reserves of most of the mineral resources of Greece are unknown, as detailed investigations （e.g., drillings, measurements, analyses, etc.） are lacking. In our assessment the total value of the reserves is about ε1.5 trillion and is four times its total debt （ε360 billion）. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Industrial Minerals ＆ Rocks is ε60 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Metallic Minerals is ε72 billion. The total value of the indicated reserves of the Energy Mineral Raw Materials is ε1,362 billion, of which ε268 billion belong to the lignites which are exploited for decades to produce only electricity. The indicated oil reserves are 10 billion barrels with current value of E685 billion and the corresponding of natural gas 3.5 trillion m3 with current value of ε409 billion.

Policies for Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources in China

Regarding the abundant reserves in China, unconventional oil and gas resources has great potential in exploration and development, and may be the significant complement to conventional oil and gas resources. Based on the summary of the reservoir potential and current situation of exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas resources, such as coalbed methane(CBM), shale gas and oil shale, we analyzed the incentive policies proposed to promote the development of unconventional oil and gas industry, including industrial planning, resource management and related tax policy. These policies played an important role in promoting the exploration, development and utilization of unconventional oil and gas resources.

Three-dimensional in situ stress determination by anelastic strain recovery and its application at the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Hole-1(WFSD-1)

In situ stress state becomes more and more significant with in-depth research on geodynamics and energy development.However,there has not been an economic and effective method developed to determine deep three-dimensional in situ stress.The Anelastic Strain Recovery(ASR)method is a newly developed technique that can determine three-dimensional in situ stresses.After the 12 May 2008 Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake,the ASR method was used for the first time in China's Mainland to measure the in situ stresses in the WFSD scientific boreholes in Sichuan Province,China.In this paper,the basic procedure of the ASR method is introduced in detail and the compliances of ASR for boring cores are investigated.The results show that the maximum principal stress direction was NW64°at a measured depth(MD)of 1173 m(vertical depth 1151 m)in WFSD-1.The ratio of shear mode to the volume mode compliance of ASR was 2.9.And the three principal stresses at 1173 m MD in WFSD-1are 43,28 and 25 MPa.Combined with stress measurement results determined using other in situ measurement methods along the Longmenshan fault zone,the directions of the maximum horizontal principal stress changes from E-W to NEE-SWW to NWW-SEE when moving from NE to SW along the Longmenshan fault zone.This change is in agreement with the stress regime of the Longmenshan fault zone of the Wenchuan Earthquake,which supports a stress regime consisting predominantly of thrusts in the southwest and strike-slip in the northeast.