非政府组织工作人员受贿问题研究

现代社会的发展和公共行政改革的深入,赋予了非政府组织在国家和社会事务管理活动中的重要地位,其工作人员利用职务之便,实施的收受财物为他人谋取利益的行为,具备受贿的性质。由于现行法律规制的缺漏,导致了理论和实践上的困惑。考察并借鉴国外有关受贿犯罪立法规定的合理之处,结合我国刑事司法实际的需要,建议增设以非政府组织工作人员为规制对象的受贿罪名,进一步完善受贿犯罪立法。

论设立非政府组织工作人员职务型经济犯罪规制条款之必要性

受传统观念限制,我国对工作人员职务型经济犯罪研究较少,而实质上该类犯罪却具有极大的社会危害性。从概念、罪刑法定原则和社会危害性三个视角出发,论述在我国刑法中设立有关非政府组织工作人员职务型经济犯罪的规制条款大有必要。

Communication for Social Mobilization： An Evaluative Study of the National Immunization Campaign in Nigeria

This study critically evaluates the communication strategies used in the campaign for social mobilization for the National Programme on Immunization in Nigeria. Its objective is to determine the communication factors that contributed to the participation of individuals and groups in the programme at the federal, state, and local government levels. Fifty four subjects, consisting of five policy and decision makers in health, information, and education sectors, five community leaders, 15 media personnel, 15 state health officials, 20 LGA officials, 12 representatives of non-governmental organizations, five opinion leaders, seven clinic staff, six state health officials, and eight mothers were purposively selected from the federal level and two states; Imo and Kano states of Nigeria. Methodology used for data collection includes individual and group interviews and critical evaluation instruments. Findings show that the mass campaign strategy proved to be the most effective strategy for reaching both rural and urban dwellers and specific groups with immunization messages. The alliance between the health workers and community leaders, social groups, NGOs and the information education sectors, had a multiplier effect on the campaign and helped to create feelings of solidarity. The ubiquitous channels of traditional and religious leaders and youth groups helped to spread immunization messages and gain support for the programme. Women and women groups were adequately involved at the federal level and in Imo State, a Christian state in the South-East. This was not the case in Kano State, a Muslim state in the north due to sociocuitural factors. The sustainability of the programme lies in more integration, more intersectoral collaboration, more institutionalization, more quality verification, more decentralization, greater local political commitment, and a multistrategic approach to campaign planning and implementation.

Marketing as Innovation Strategy in Non Profit Sector in China： The Network of Influence ＂Guanxi＂

In a globalized world, not only the business market is overlapped but also marketing models take shape within economic systems. While there has been a proliferation in the implementation of marketing in the private sector, this paper provides a useful entry point for the understanding role of marketing within the nonprofit sector focused on China, the second worldwide economic power. A number of senior managers and directors from different Non-Governmental Organizations （NGOs） were interviewed of what they understood marketing to be and how they considered and implemented marketing within organizational strategy. The findings showed that while marketing was identified as an interesting and influential concept, Chinese nonprofit managers generally had a limited understanding of a marketing theory. The article further discusses reasons behind the dynamic based on personalized networks of influence used and the potential implications for nonprofit entities in China, a sector that plays a very noteworthy role in transformative economies.

Employment and Performance of Agricultural Graduates： Who Are We Training for？

The fit-for purpose of agricultural graduates in the job market remains a challenge to agricultural training and education despite the active involvement of farmer organizations, non-governmental organizations （NGOs）, and agribusiness in the agriculture job market. This paper traces： （1） the employment of agricultural graduates in the last 10 years in Mali, Republic of Congo, Ghana, and the Gambia; and （2） through a case study, assesses the attitudinal and mindset change in the way research for development is conducted by research staff of the National Agricultural Research Institute （NARI） of the Gambia. Not surprisingly, the public sector consistently employed more agricultural graduates in all four countries. The next highest employer of agricultural graduates was the NGOs, followed by agribusiness. Positive attitudinal and mindset change among research staff and their collaborators in the Gambia was enhanced when collaborative learning and coaching and mentoring in managerial and financial skills enhancement complemented technical skills improvements. Employers indicated strong preference for graduates in agricultural engineering and farm machinery; agricultural economics with emphasis on farm management; innovation systems and value chains; and information communication technology including report writing. Farmers＇ organizations showed particular interest in interpersonal skills; participatory technology development and dissemination; and appreciation of socio-cultural contexts including farmer innovations. In Mali, Ghana and the Gambia, employers reported that 4%-14% of the agricultural graduates they hired were women.