论国际商事智慧仲裁非本地化道路探索

国际商事智慧仲裁的萌芽与发展得益于互联网技术的革新,伴随着新型仲裁模式而来的是诸多法律问题,其中包括当事人事前未选择仲裁地,且争议发生后也无法及时达成对仲裁地选择的新合意。对此,非本地化仲裁理论虽认为仲裁庭只需按照当事人商定的规则进行仲裁,而无需受制于仲裁地的法律规范,但该理论的适用会面临巨大挑战,比如:现阶段还未出现纯粹的非本地化理论的应用案例、仲裁裁决的质量及仲裁的实用性是否会受到影响等。相反,淡化的中间立场或许更适合此情境下的国际商事智慧仲裁,既合理地尊重了当事人的意思自治,又将案件与仲裁地的法律规范连接起来,保障了裁决的法律效力。The germination and development of international commercial smart arbitration benefited from the innovation of Internet technology. Along with the new arbitration model came many legal issues, including the fact that the parties did not choose the place of arbitration in advance, and they were unable to reach a timely agreement on the place of arbitration after the dispute occurred. In this regard, although the theory of non-localized arbitration holds that the arbitral tribunal only needs to conduct arbitration in accordance with the rules agreed upon by the parties and does not need to be subject to the legal norms of the place of arbitration, the application of this theory will face huge challenges. For example: at this stage, there are no pure application cases of non-localization theory, whether the quality of arbitration awards and the practicality of arbitration will be affected, etc. On the contrary, a downplayed middle position may be more suitable for international commercial smart arbitration in this situation. It not only reasonably respects the autonomy of the parties, but also connects the case with the legal norms of the arbitration place, ensuring the legal effect of the award.

从传统空间扩张到集约型城镇化:非本地资本的空间集聚

非本地化资本空间效应是过去30年中国经济持续高速增长的重要解释。着眼于传统空间扩张受限情形,阐述非本地化资本空间集聚效应是如何释放、巩固与放大。研究表明,现代区位具有契合非本地化资本空间集聚效应的结构安排,改革开放作为空间结构优化的政策支撑,通过制度改革创新,加速了资本自由流动的演化,以丰富实践经验印证了非本地化资本空间集聚效应是集约型城镇化有效的路径。

网上国际商事仲裁的仲裁地分析

网上国际商事仲裁伴随着电子信息技术的发展而出现,相对于传统的国际民商事纠纷的解决有着更方便、快捷等较大优势。然其发展却一直停滞不前,仲裁协议的书面形式问题、仲裁地空缺问题等严重阻碍了其发展。据此试图讨论网上国际商事仲裁的仲裁地问题,以期为网上国际商事仲裁更好的发展。

LoLocalized Spatial Soliton Excitations in(2+1)-Dimensional Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation with Variable Nonlinearity and an External Potential

We report on the localized spatial soliton excitations in the multidimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation with radially variable nonlinearity coefficient and an external potential. By using Hirota＇s binary differential operators, we determine a variety of external potentials and nonlinearity coefficients that can support nonlinear localized solutions of different but desired forms. For some specific external potentials and nonlinearity coefficients, we discuss features of the corresponding （2＋1）-dimensional multisolitonic solutions, including ring solitons, lump solitons, and soliton clusters.

Electronic Transport Calculations Using Maximally-Localized Wannier Functions

I present a method to calculate the ballistic transport properties of atomic-scale structures under bias. The electronic structure of the system is calculated using the Kohn-Sham scheme of density functionai theory （DFT）. The DFT eigenvectors are then transformed into a set of maximaily localized Wannier functions （MLWFs） [N. Maxzari and D. Vanderbilt, Phys. Rev. B 56 （1997） 12847]. The MLWFs are used as a minimai basis set to obtain the Hamitonian matrices of the scattering region and the adjacent leads, which are needed for transport calculation using the nonequilibrium Green＇s function formalism. The coupling of the scattering region to the semi-infinite leads is described by the self-energies of the leads. Using the nonequilibrium Green＇s function method, one calculates self-consistently the charge distribution of the system under bias and evaluates the transmission and current through the system. To solve the Poisson equation within the scheme of MLWFs I introduce a computationally efficient method. The method is applied to a molecular hydrogen contact in two transition metal monatomic wires （Cu and Pt）. It is found that for Pt the I-V characteristics is approximately linear dependence, however, for Cu the I-V characteristics manifests a linear dependence at low bias voltages and exhibits apparent nonlinearity at higher bias voltages. I have also calculated the transmission in the zero bias voltage limit for a single CO molecule adsorbed on Cu and Pt monatomic wires. While a chemical scissor effect occurs for the Cu monatomic wire with an adsorbed CO molecule, it is absent for the Pt monatomie wire due to the contribution of d-orbitals at the Fermi energy,

Advanced Self-Localization and Navigation for Mobile Robots in Extraterrestrial Environments

Self-localization is one of the most important aspects for using mobile robots in unstructured environments. In this paper, the authors introduce a new approach for a self-localization and navigation unit for mobile platforms in extraterrestrial environments, based on the authors＂ successful results in self-localization of forestry machines on earth. The presented approach is developed from a highly modular concept, which allows a simple but efficient adaption to specific applications by just substituting some scenario dependent components. In this paper, the authors will explain the general concept and the terrestrial implementation so far. On this basis, the authors will demonstrate and discuss the necessary adaptions to the general concept in order to handle the different conditions on extraterrestrial surfaces.

A native herbaceous community exerts a strong allelopathic effect on the woody range-expander Betula fruticosa

Biological invasions by alien and range-expanding native plant species can suppress native plants through allelopathy.However,the homeland security hypothesis suggests that some native plants can resist invasion by producing allelopathic compounds that inhibit the growth of invasive plants.Most research has focused on allelopathic interactions between individual native and invasive plant species,with less emphasis on how allelopathy helps entire native communities resist invasions.Additionally,limited knowledge exists about allelopathic interactions between range-expanding native species and recipient native communities,and their influence on invasion success.To bridge this knowledge gap,we conducted two greenhouse competition experiments to test reciprocal allelopathic effects between a native woody range-expanding species,Betula fruticosa,and a community of four native herbaceous species(Sanguisorba officinalis,Gentiana manshurica,Sium suave and Deyeuxia angustifolia)in China.We assessed whether B.fruticosa and the native community differed in their competitive effects and responses,and whether these were influenced by activated carbon,which neutralizes allelochemicals in the soil.Activated carbon reduced the suppressive effects of the native community on the above-ground biomass of B.fruticosa,which indicates that the native community exerted a strong allelopathic effect on B.fruticosa.In contrast,activated carbon only marginally enhanced the suppressive effects of B.fruticosa on the native community,which indicates that allelopathy is not the primary mechanism by which B.fruticosa exerts its suppression.Overall,these findings support the homeland security hypothesis and suggest that biotic resistance from the native herbaceous community may limit the invasion success of the woody range-expander B.fruticosa.

Quantification of non-coding RNA target localization diversity and its application in cancers

SubceUular localization is pivotal for RNAs and proteins to implement biological functions. The localization diversity of protein interactions has been studied as a crucial feature of proteins, considering that the protein-protein interactions take place in vari- ous subceltutar locations. Nevertheless, the localization diversity of non-coding RNA （ncRNA） target proteins has not been sys- tematically studied, especially its characteristics in cancers. In this study, we provide a new algorithm, non-coding RNA target localization coefficient （ncTALENT）, to quantify the target localization diversity of ncRNAs based on the ncRNA-protein interaction and protein subcellular localization data. ncTALENT can be used to calculate the target localization coefficient of ncRNAs and measure how diversely their targets are distributed among the subcellular locations in various scenarios. We focus our study on long non-coding RNAs （IncRNAs）, and our observations reveal that the target localization diversity is a primary characteristic of IncRNAs in different biotypes. Moreover, we found that IncRNAs in multiple cancers, differentially expressed cancer IncRNAs, and IncRNAs with multiple cancer target proteins are prone to have high target localization diversity. Furthermore, the analysis of gastric cancer helps us to obtain a better understanding that the target localization diversity of IncRNAs is an important feature closely related to clinical prognosis. Overall, we systematically studied the target localization diversity of the IncRNAs and uncovered its association with cancer.