国内外含油污泥处理技术研究进展

含油污泥是来源于石油开采、运输、炼制及含油污水处理过程中的含油固体废物。主要介绍了国内外含油污泥处理技术的研究现状及进展,含油污泥的处理技术可分为2类,即生物法和非生物法。生物法主要包括生物地耕法、生物强化法和生物浮选法。非生物法主要包括高温蒸气法、溶剂萃取法和离心分离法等。对各种方法进行了评价和比较,并对含油污泥处理技术今后的发展提出了建议。

含油污泥联合处理技术的应用现状与展望

含油污泥来源广泛、成分复杂,其处理技术和设备也呈多元化趋势。通过实际调研和文献分析对国内外常用的含油污泥处理方法的原理、适用范围、特点以及发展进行了概述,着重介绍了我国石化企业几种新型的含油污泥联合处理技术的应用现状,其中包括筛分流化-调质-机械脱水技术、电化学生物耦合深度处理技术、污泥离心脱水-超热蒸汽喷射处理技术、热洗耦合处理技术和微生物-植物联合处理技术,总结了现有处理方法处理后残渣的含油率能否达到HJ 607—2011《废矿物油回收利用污染控制技术规范》的标准要求以及残渣的资源化利用去向等。综合含油污泥处理技术在应用中存在的问题和处理效果发现,需要使用含油污泥联合技术处理使其达到资源化利用和无害化处理的技术要求。

Direct Perturbation Method for Derivative Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation

We extend Lou＇s direct perturbation method for solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equation to the case of the derivative nonlinear Schrodinger equation （DNLSE）. By applying this method, different types of perturbation solutions are obtained. Based on these approximate solutions, the analytical forms of soliton parameters, such as the velocity, the width and the initial position, are carried out and the effects of perturbation on solitons are analyzed at the same time. A numerical simulation of perturbed DNLSE finally verifies the results of the perturbation method.

The Role of Traditional Irrigation Canals in a Long Term Environmental Perspective A Case Study in Southern France： The Durance Basin

The agricultural sector is often considered to be the largest water consumer and the policy aimed at saving irrigation water exists across Europe. The flip-side of such policy, however, is the disappearance of traditional irrigation canals since farmers are encouraged to turn to drip irrigation and overhead irrigation gradually. Given this, we would like to argue that traditional irrigation canals need to be reexamined. Such canals are not only built aquatic infrastructure, they are also the product of a culture and social relationship with water in the Mediterranean region. Canals form a complex system which is driven by environmental, economic and social factors. Our sociological and environmental research in Provence （and around the Durance basin more specifically） points up how the very dense territorial network of gravity-fed canals is useful in water management, as well as in other shared uses over the long-term. The findings underscore the positive environmental role played by these historical and anthropogenic constructions. They contribute to refilling the aquifer and also act as a valuable environmental good and service （e.g., run-off regulation, biodiversity, landscape, recreation, etc.）. Further, several local actors have underscored their role as part of an intangible cultural heritage and as important for the area＇s economic and social development. Such canals play a central role in sustainable development since beyond their productive role in agriculture, they play a social role （new uses） and an ecological role （as reservoirs for biodiversity and ecological corridors）.

Use of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Methods for the Study of Physiological Condition and Resistance against Abiotic Factors of Grapevine

The purpose of this study was to explore influence of abiotic factors, such as high temperature, water deficiency and high solar radiation on the photomembrane of grapevine leaves. Grapevine leaves were collected from variety Rkatsiteli （Vitis vinifera） and placed at a temperature of ＋45 ℃ and ＋55 ℃ for 5 rain, respectively. The relative volume of water in leaves was gradually reduced to 50%, and then leaves were irradiated with 6,000 pmol/m2.s of white light. Changes provoked by stressful abiotie factors were determined using rapid and delayed chlorophyll fluorescence methods. It was shown that value of variable component of chlorophyll fluorescence （Fv）, intensity of electron transport between the photosystems （ETR）, intensity of expended electrons in carboxylation （ETRn） and oxygenation （ETRp） and index of non-photochemical quenching （NPQ）, allow studying molecular mechanisms of the impact of abiotic factors and the resulting damage degree. Based on delayed and rapid fluorescence data, it was demonstrated that temperature of ＋45 ℃ adversely affects oxygen production system and CO2 assimilation mechanisms, while at ＋55 ℃, the ETR decreases. Reduction of relative water volume in leaves up to 50%-55% leads to sharp reduction in ETR and inhibition of photosynthesis. In case of irradiation of leaves with high-intensity light of 6,000 μmol/m2.s, NPQ of light falling on a leaf increases, thus protecting photosynthesis apparatus from damage.

Healed and Crippled： The Effect of Global Medicine on African Indigenous Treatment and Care Approaches

Whereas global medicine and health care practices have improved the quality of people＇s lives, especially in the developing countries data abounds that local communities have been crippled by the same medical practises. Some societies in developing countries have become sources of specimen for clinical trials of biomedicine which is unaffordable to their citizens. This paper explores the neglect of traditional African medicinal innovations and research in favour of imported Western medicine perpetuated by the developed countries. The paper argues that global medicine and health care have neither utilized nor recognized the African Traditional Medicine （ATM） fully, despite the fact that cultures in developed world used and continue to utilize the indigenous medical knowledge. The paper further argues that instead of neglecting African Traditional Medicine, ATM and biomedicine can be more beneficial by blending them into a single system, through what we would call in this paper High-Performance Medical Research （HPMR）. This would allow participation of communities to achieve both socio-eeonomic and medical knowledge growth rather than being a monopoly and preserve of developed organizations in the North. This paper proposes that HPMR should be a systematic and scientific approach for enhancing local people＇s participation in the development of medical ventures. This paper draws on secondary data on traditional African therapeutic practices by some local communities in East Africa combined with literature review on medical practice in Western societies.

The Potential Impacts of National, Regional and International Policies and Legislation on the Sustainable Forest Management for NTFPs： A Swaziland Case Study

The objective of this study entails the review and assessment of the relevance of existing and draft policies and legislation that affects the Non-timber Forest Products （NTFP） sector in Swaziland. A hierarchical method of policy and legislation review and analysis was devised for this study. Findings indicated that most national policies and legislation are outdated and old-fashioned, with gaps and overlaps, and there is lack of collaboration between institutions implementing these. The present national forest policy does not adequately guide the development of NTFPs. As a consequence, whilst international policies and legislation capture an excellent spectrum of elements and issues on NTFPs they still remain difficult to implement. However, national level criteria and indicators have issues and elements that are relevant to the sustainable use of NTFPs. It was recommended that national strategies, action plans, policies and legislation be reviewed and updated. The study shows that there are no existing institutional networks or formal collaboration between the institutions involved in the implementation of local, national, regional, and international policies and legislation that affect NTFPs. Government, private sector, Non-Governmental Organizations （NGO＇s）, communities, individuals, and all concerned agencies should jointly develop and implement policies and legislation to provide secure access and benefits to people whose livelihood depends on/is supplemented by NTFPs and further foster networking and collaboration. The immediate adoption and implementation of the 11 policy recommendations on the sustainable management of Non-timber Forest Resources compiled by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biodiversity （CBD） from the Convention on Biological Diversity is highly recommended. It is worthwhile to note that while some of the 11 recommendations were directly inherited from certain articles of the CBD some are general recommendations.

In vitro dissolution and oral bioavailability study of fenofibrate nanomatrix system prepared by hot-melt extrusion

Solvent evaporation method for preparation of nanomatrix has the disadvantages,such as residual organic solvent,environmental pollution,explosion-proofing and so on.To overcome these shortcomings,a series of fenofibrate nanomatrix drug delivery system(NDDS)consisting of nano-porous silica Sylysia■350(S350)and pH sensitive material Eudragit■L100-55(EL100-55)were prepared using hot-melt extrusion(HME),and their in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability were compared.Finally,the formulation with the highest in vivo bioavailability was selected as the optimized formulation for DSC and PXRD characterization.The results showed that the optimized NDDS showed a higher bioavailability than the reference formulation,although there was crystalline form drug remaining in NDDS.The relative bioavailability of the optimized formulation was 157.1%compared with the commercial product Lipanthyl■.In addition,the relative bioavailability of the optimized formulation was 124.8%in comparison with the formulation prepared by solvent evaporation method,showing that the NDDS prepared by the HME method was effective in improving the bioavailability of fenofibrate.In conclusion,HME was a promising method to prepare NDDS.

Investigating biological population model using exp-function method

This paper is the spectator of the arrangement of an efficient transformation and exfunction technique to build up generalized exact solutions of the biological population model equation. Computational work and subsequent numerical results re-identify the effectiveness of proposed algorithm. It is pragmatic that recommended plan is greatly consistent and may be comprehensive to other nonlinear differential equations of fractional order.

Combinations of nonstandard finite difference schemes and composition methods with complex time steps for population models

We propose an efficient numerical method for two population models, based on the nonstandard finite difference （NSFD） schemes and composition methods with complex time steps. The NSFD scheme is able to give positive numerical solutions that satisfy the conservation law, which is a key property for biological population models. The accuracy is improved by using the composition methods with complex time steps. Numerical tests on the plankton nutrient model and whooping cough model are presented to show the efficiency and advantage of the proposed numerical method.