We have set up a new reduced model Hamiltonian for the polariton system, in which the nonlinear interaction contains the rotating term k l ( a + b + ab+) and the attractive two-mode squeezed coupling - k2 ( a ...We have set up a new reduced model Hamiltonian for the polariton system, in which the nonlinear interaction contains the rotating term k l ( a + b + ab+) and the attractive two-mode squeezed coupling - k2 ( a + b+ + ab ) . The dynamical evolution of this system has been solved and the nonclassical features relevant to the second-order and high-order squeezing have been obtained in an analytical form. For the first time, in contrast to the existing result, we have confirmed for the phonon field that the attractive two-mode squeezed interaction will not only result in the second-order and high-order squeezing in X-component with the time evolution, but also in time average. Furthermore, the phenomena of collapse and revival of inversion will occur as well in the time evolution of the average number of photon and phonon, as also in the second-order and high-order squeezing of photon field, particularly, in the high-order squeezing of phonon field.展开更多
This paper presents a composite interaction formula based on the discrete-interaction operator of wave-wave nonlinear interaction for deriving its adjoint source function in the wave assimilation model. Assimilation e...This paper presents a composite interaction formula based on the discrete-interaction operator of wave-wave nonlinear interaction for deriving its adjoint source function in the wave assimilation model. Assimilation experiments were performed using the significant wave heights observed by the TOPES/POSEIDON satellite, and the gradient distribution in the physical space was also analyzed preliminarily.展开更多
From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP (Katmai National Park), were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical stati...From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP (Katmai National Park), were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical statistics the categories identified dominance interactions, fish-related dominance interactions, food obtained, food-related incidents, fish stolen, property damage, and use of deterrents either decreasing or exhibiting no significant trends over time. Aggressive behavior by bears towards park staff in bear management situations increased. An elevated walkway and platform at Brooks Falls and an electric fence at the campground marked significant decrease in bear-human interactions in these areas. Changes in fishing regulations in 1998 marked significant decreases in number of fish stolen. Changes in minimum distance regulations in 2003 marked no change in number of dominance interactions or bluff charges. Efforts to facilitate visitor traffic in areas around the floating bridge have marked significant increases in number of bear-human interactions. Management and policy efforts have been successful in minimizing bear-human interactions. Habituation of bears to human activity has likely contributed to both minimizing general interactions and increased aggressive bear behavior towards management staff. This study provides examples of successful adaptive management tactics for bears and humans in a visitor oriented setting.展开更多
We carried out a Padé approximant analysis on a compact factor of the T-matrlx for NN scattering to explore the nonperturbative renormalization prescription in a universal manner. The utilities and virtues for th...We carried out a Padé approximant analysis on a compact factor of the T-matrlx for NN scattering to explore the nonperturbative renormalization prescription in a universal manner. The utilities and virtues for this Padé analysis are discussed.展开更多
Due to the complexity of compressible flows,nonlinear hydrodynamic stability theories in supersonic boundary layers are not sufficient.In order to reveal the nonlinear interaction mechanisms of the rapidly amplified 3...Due to the complexity of compressible flows,nonlinear hydrodynamic stability theories in supersonic boundary layers are not sufficient.In order to reveal the nonlinear interaction mechanisms of the rapidly amplified 3-D disturbances in supersonic boundary layers at high Mach numbers,the nonlinear evolutions of different disturbances in flat-plate boundary layers at Mach number 4.5,6 and 8 are analyzed by numerical simulations.It can be concluded that the 3-D disturbances are amplified rapidly when the amplitude of the 2-D disturbance reaches a certain level.The most rapidly amplified 3-D disturbances are Klebanoff type(K-type)disturbances which have the same frequency as the 2-D disturbance.Among these K-type 3-D disturbances,the disturbances located at the junction of upper branch and lower branch of the neutral curve are amplified higher.Through analyzing the relationship between the amplification rate and the spanwise wavenumber of the 3-D disturbances at different evolution stages,the mechanism of the spanwise wavenumber selectivity of K-type 3-D disturbances in the presence of a finite amplitude 2-D disturbance is explained.展开更多
Supramolecular dendritic polymers(SDPs)provide a new opportunity for the precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases. SDPs are a novel class of non-covalently bonded macromolecules with highly branched structure a...Supramolecular dendritic polymers(SDPs)provide a new opportunity for the precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases. SDPs are a novel class of non-covalently bonded macromolecules with highly branched structure and three-dimensional globular topology, which exhibit dynamic/reversible features and unique physical/chemical properties(e.g., high solubility, low viscosity, and numerous functional terminal groups). The reversibility of non-covalent interactions endows SDPs with the ability of facile preparation, smart responsiveness, and simple metabolism. These special characteristics determine the properties of SDPs, which are the key points for theranostic applications, including diagnosis,therapy, and theranostics. In this review, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of SDPs with aimed structures,properties, functions as well as their present diagnostic and theranostic applications. These developments on the preparation and applications of SDPs for diagnostic and theranostic purpose promote interdisciplinary research fields of chemistry, material and biomedical science.展开更多
Enzymes are biomacromolecules responsible for the abundant chemical biotransformations that sustain life. Recently, biochemists have discovered that multiple conformations and numerous parallel paths are involved duri...Enzymes are biomacromolecules responsible for the abundant chemical biotransformations that sustain life. Recently, biochemists have discovered that multiple conformations and numerous parallel paths are involved during the processes catalyzed by enzymes. It is plausible that the entire macromolecular scaffold is involved in catalysis via cooperative motions that result in incredible catalytic efficiency. Moreover, some enzymes can very strongly bind the transition state with an association constant of up to 1024 M-1, suggesting that covalent bond formation is a possible process during the conversion of the transition state in enzyme catalysis, in addition to the concatenation of noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular chemistry provides fundamental knowledge about the relationships between the dynamic structures and functions of organized molecules. By tak-ing advantage of supramolecular concepts, numerous supramolecular enzyme mimics with complex and hierarchical structures have been designed and investigated. Through the study of supramolecular enzyme models, a great deal of information to aid our understanding of the mechanism of catalysis by natural enzymes has been acquired. With the development of supramolec-ular artificial enzymes, it is possible to replicate the features of natural enzymes with regards to their constitutional complexity and cooperative motions, and eventually decipher the conformation-based catalytic mystery of natural enzymes.展开更多
Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are not only research focus of environmental issues but also interesting model mol- ecules for organic chemistry which exhibit diverse conformation preference and intramolec...Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are not only research focus of environmental issues but also interesting model mol- ecules for organic chemistry which exhibit diverse conformation preference and intramolecular noncovalent interactions (NCIs). A systematic study was conducted to reveal the conlk)rmation preference and the related intramolecular NCIs in two C^-isomers of SCCPs, 5,5,6,6-tetrachlorodecane and 4,4,6,6-1etrachlorodecane. The overall conformation profile was deter- mined on the basis of relative energies calculated at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level with the geometries optimized by B3LYP/6-31 l++G(d,p) method. Then, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) has been adopted to identify the NCls in the selected conformers of the model molecules at both B31~YP/6-31 l++G(d,p) and M06-2X/aug-cc-pvdz level. Different chlorine substitution modes result in varied conformation preference. No obvious gauche effect can be observed tk)r the SCCPs with chlorination on adjacent carbon atoms. The most stable conformer of 5,5,6,6-tetrachlorodecane (tTt) has its three dihedral angles in the T configuration, and there is no intramolecular N(3s found in this molecule. On the contrary, the chlorination on interval carbon atoms favors the adoption of gauche configmation for the H C C CI axis. Not only inlramolecular H-..CI contacts but also H---H interactions have been identified as driving forces to compensate the instability from steric crowding ot the gauche configuration. The gggg and g'g'g'g' conformers are the most popular ones, while the populations of tggg and tg'g'g' conformer are second to those of the gggg and g'g'g'g' conformers. Meanwhile, the M06-2X method with large basis sets is preferred for identification of subtle intramolecular NCIs in large molecules like SCCPs.展开更多
In this paper,the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter-Saxton equation is proposed and studied.It is shown that the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter–Saxton equation can be transformed to the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation by re...In this paper,the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter-Saxton equation is proposed and studied.It is shown that the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter–Saxton equation can be transformed to the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation by reciprocal transformations.Based on the Lax-pair of the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation,a non-isospectral Lax-pair of the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter–Saxton equation is derived.In addition,exact singular solutions with a finite number of corners are obtained.Furthermore,the(2+1)-dimensional μ-Hunter–Saxton equation is presented,and its exact peaked traveling wave solutions are derived.展开更多
In this paper, the truncated Painleve analysis and the consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method are developed for the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation. As a result, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction s...In this paper, the truncated Painleve analysis and the consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method are developed for the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation. As a result, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solution of the equation is explicitly given, which is dimcult to be found by other traditional methods. When the value of the Jacobi elliptic function modulus rn = 1, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solution reduces back to the two-soliton solution. The method can also be extended to other types of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.展开更多
In the present paper the problem of nonlinear interaction of two mildly-relativistic circularly polarized lasers in a cold plasma is studied in order to investigate electromagneticaily induced transparency (EIT). Ba...In the present paper the problem of nonlinear interaction of two mildly-relativistic circularly polarized lasers in a cold plasma is studied in order to investigate electromagneticaily induced transparency (EIT). Based on a relativistic kinetic model, by expansion of relativistic Lorentz factor in terms of lasers amplitude, we obtain the coupled nonlinear dispersion relations. It is observed that due to resonance in the second harmonic of plasma beat-wave, the new EIT pass-band is created in the high intensities of lasers. The effect of amplitude and frequency variation on the dispersion is numerically investigated.展开更多
Organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials repre- sent a wide range of nanoscaled synthetic materials con- sisting of both organic and inorganic components that are linked together by covalent or non-covalent interactions...Organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials repre- sent a wide range of nanoscaled synthetic materials con- sisting of both organic and inorganic components that are linked together by covalent or non-covalent interactions, which have been widely employed in various fields such as optoelectronics, catalysis and biomedicine. As a result of this special combination, nanohybrid materials assemble numerous extraordinary features that provide great opportunities to improve their stability, multifunctions, biocom- patibility, eco-friendliness and other physical and mechanical properties. This review highlights recent re- search developments of functional organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials and their specific applications in bioimaging including fluorescent, Raman, photoacoustic and combined bioimaging. Future research directions and perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also discussed.展开更多
基金Supported by the Foundation of Scientific Research Education and Innovations under Grant No.11609506,Jinan University
文摘We have set up a new reduced model Hamiltonian for the polariton system, in which the nonlinear interaction contains the rotating term k l ( a + b + ab+) and the attractive two-mode squeezed coupling - k2 ( a + b+ + ab ) . The dynamical evolution of this system has been solved and the nonclassical features relevant to the second-order and high-order squeezing have been obtained in an analytical form. For the first time, in contrast to the existing result, we have confirmed for the phonon field that the attractive two-mode squeezed interaction will not only result in the second-order and high-order squeezing in X-component with the time evolution, but also in time average. Furthermore, the phenomena of collapse and revival of inversion will occur as well in the time evolution of the average number of photon and phonon, as also in the second-order and high-order squeezing of photon field, particularly, in the high-order squeezing of phonon field.
文摘This paper presents a composite interaction formula based on the discrete-interaction operator of wave-wave nonlinear interaction for deriving its adjoint source function in the wave assimilation model. Assimilation experiments were performed using the significant wave heights observed by the TOPES/POSEIDON satellite, and the gradient distribution in the physical space was also analyzed preliminarily.
文摘From 1989-2009, 1,430 bear management report forms collected at Brooks Camp, KNP (Katmai National Park), were placed in 1 of 9 categories representing bear-human interactions of concern. Using non-parametrical statistics the categories identified dominance interactions, fish-related dominance interactions, food obtained, food-related incidents, fish stolen, property damage, and use of deterrents either decreasing or exhibiting no significant trends over time. Aggressive behavior by bears towards park staff in bear management situations increased. An elevated walkway and platform at Brooks Falls and an electric fence at the campground marked significant decrease in bear-human interactions in these areas. Changes in fishing regulations in 1998 marked significant decreases in number of fish stolen. Changes in minimum distance regulations in 2003 marked no change in number of dominance interactions or bluff charges. Efforts to facilitate visitor traffic in areas around the floating bridge have marked significant increases in number of bear-human interactions. Management and policy efforts have been successful in minimizing bear-human interactions. Habituation of bears to human activity has likely contributed to both minimizing general interactions and increased aggressive bear behavior towards management staff. This study provides examples of successful adaptive management tactics for bears and humans in a visitor oriented setting.
基金The project supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10205004 .Acknowledgments The authors are grateful to Dr. E. Epelbaum for helpful communications. J.F. Yang is grateful to Prof. B.A. Kniehl for his hospitality at the II. Institute for Theoretical Physics of Hamburg University where part of this work was done.
文摘We carried out a Padé approximant analysis on a compact factor of the T-matrlx for NN scattering to explore the nonperturbative renormalization prescription in a universal manner. The utilities and virtues for this Padé analysis are discussed.
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11332007)
文摘Due to the complexity of compressible flows,nonlinear hydrodynamic stability theories in supersonic boundary layers are not sufficient.In order to reveal the nonlinear interaction mechanisms of the rapidly amplified 3-D disturbances in supersonic boundary layers at high Mach numbers,the nonlinear evolutions of different disturbances in flat-plate boundary layers at Mach number 4.5,6 and 8 are analyzed by numerical simulations.It can be concluded that the 3-D disturbances are amplified rapidly when the amplitude of the 2-D disturbance reaches a certain level.The most rapidly amplified 3-D disturbances are Klebanoff type(K-type)disturbances which have the same frequency as the 2-D disturbance.Among these K-type 3-D disturbances,the disturbances located at the junction of upper branch and lower branch of the neutral curve are amplified higher.Through analyzing the relationship between the amplification rate and the spanwise wavenumber of the 3-D disturbances at different evolution stages,the mechanism of the spanwise wavenumber selectivity of K-type 3-D disturbances in the presence of a finite amplitude 2-D disturbance is explained.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51690151, 51503122, 21374062 and 51473093)National Basic Research Program (2015CB931801)
文摘Supramolecular dendritic polymers(SDPs)provide a new opportunity for the precision diagnosis and treatment of diseases. SDPs are a novel class of non-covalently bonded macromolecules with highly branched structure and three-dimensional globular topology, which exhibit dynamic/reversible features and unique physical/chemical properties(e.g., high solubility, low viscosity, and numerous functional terminal groups). The reversibility of non-covalent interactions endows SDPs with the ability of facile preparation, smart responsiveness, and simple metabolism. These special characteristics determine the properties of SDPs, which are the key points for theranostic applications, including diagnosis,therapy, and theranostics. In this review, we briefly summarize the design and synthesis of SDPs with aimed structures,properties, functions as well as their present diagnostic and theranostic applications. These developments on the preparation and applications of SDPs for diagnostic and theranostic purpose promote interdisciplinary research fields of chemistry, material and biomedical science.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91027023,21234004,21274051,21221063,21004028)the 111 project(B06009)
文摘Enzymes are biomacromolecules responsible for the abundant chemical biotransformations that sustain life. Recently, biochemists have discovered that multiple conformations and numerous parallel paths are involved during the processes catalyzed by enzymes. It is plausible that the entire macromolecular scaffold is involved in catalysis via cooperative motions that result in incredible catalytic efficiency. Moreover, some enzymes can very strongly bind the transition state with an association constant of up to 1024 M-1, suggesting that covalent bond formation is a possible process during the conversion of the transition state in enzyme catalysis, in addition to the concatenation of noncovalent interactions. Supramolecular chemistry provides fundamental knowledge about the relationships between the dynamic structures and functions of organized molecules. By tak-ing advantage of supramolecular concepts, numerous supramolecular enzyme mimics with complex and hierarchical structures have been designed and investigated. Through the study of supramolecular enzyme models, a great deal of information to aid our understanding of the mechanism of catalysis by natural enzymes has been acquired. With the development of supramolec-ular artificial enzymes, it is possible to replicate the features of natural enzymes with regards to their constitutional complexity and cooperative motions, and eventually decipher the conformation-based catalytic mystery of natural enzymes.
基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-BR-25, XDB14030500, YSW2013B01)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2013AA065201)
文摘Short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs) are not only research focus of environmental issues but also interesting model mol- ecules for organic chemistry which exhibit diverse conformation preference and intramolecular noncovalent interactions (NCIs). A systematic study was conducted to reveal the conlk)rmation preference and the related intramolecular NCIs in two C^-isomers of SCCPs, 5,5,6,6-tetrachlorodecane and 4,4,6,6-1etrachlorodecane. The overall conformation profile was deter- mined on the basis of relative energies calculated at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level with the geometries optimized by B3LYP/6-31 l++G(d,p) method. Then, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) has been adopted to identify the NCls in the selected conformers of the model molecules at both B31~YP/6-31 l++G(d,p) and M06-2X/aug-cc-pvdz level. Different chlorine substitution modes result in varied conformation preference. No obvious gauche effect can be observed tk)r the SCCPs with chlorination on adjacent carbon atoms. The most stable conformer of 5,5,6,6-tetrachlorodecane (tTt) has its three dihedral angles in the T configuration, and there is no intramolecular N(3s found in this molecule. On the contrary, the chlorination on interval carbon atoms favors the adoption of gauche configmation for the H C C CI axis. Not only inlramolecular H-..CI contacts but also H---H interactions have been identified as driving forces to compensate the instability from steric crowding ot the gauche configuration. The gggg and g'g'g'g' conformers are the most popular ones, while the populations of tggg and tg'g'g' conformer are second to those of the gggg and g'g'g'g' conformers. Meanwhile, the M06-2X method with large basis sets is preferred for identification of subtle intramolecular NCIs in large molecules like SCCPs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11471174NSF of Ningbo under Grant No.2014A610018
文摘In this paper,the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter-Saxton equation is proposed and studied.It is shown that the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter–Saxton equation can be transformed to the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation by reciprocal transformations.Based on the Lax-pair of the Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff equation,a non-isospectral Lax-pair of the(2+1)-dimensional Hunter–Saxton equation is derived.In addition,exact singular solutions with a finite number of corners are obtained.Furthermore,the(2+1)-dimensional μ-Hunter–Saxton equation is presented,and its exact peaked traveling wave solutions are derived.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11271211,11275072,11435005K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University
文摘In this paper, the truncated Painleve analysis and the consistent tanh expansion (CTE) method are developed for the (2+1)-dimensional breaking soliton equation. As a result, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solution of the equation is explicitly given, which is dimcult to be found by other traditional methods. When the value of the Jacobi elliptic function modulus rn = 1, the soliton-cnoidal wave interaction solution reduces back to the two-soliton solution. The method can also be extended to other types of nonlinear evolution equations in mathematical physics.
文摘In the present paper the problem of nonlinear interaction of two mildly-relativistic circularly polarized lasers in a cold plasma is studied in order to investigate electromagneticaily induced transparency (EIT). Based on a relativistic kinetic model, by expansion of relativistic Lorentz factor in terms of lasers amplitude, we obtain the coupled nonlinear dispersion relations. It is observed that due to resonance in the second harmonic of plasma beat-wave, the new EIT pass-band is created in the high intensities of lasers. The effect of amplitude and frequency variation on the dispersion is numerically investigated.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF),Prime Minister’s Office,Singapore,under its NRF Fellowship(NRF2009NRF-RF001-015)Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise(CREATE)Programme-Singapore Peking University Research Centre for a Sustainable Low-Carbon Future+1 种基金the NTU-A*STAR Silicon Technologies Centre of Excellence under the program Grant No.11235150003the NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine
文摘Organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials repre- sent a wide range of nanoscaled synthetic materials con- sisting of both organic and inorganic components that are linked together by covalent or non-covalent interactions, which have been widely employed in various fields such as optoelectronics, catalysis and biomedicine. As a result of this special combination, nanohybrid materials assemble numerous extraordinary features that provide great opportunities to improve their stability, multifunctions, biocom- patibility, eco-friendliness and other physical and mechanical properties. This review highlights recent re- search developments of functional organic-inorganic nanohybrid materials and their specific applications in bioimaging including fluorescent, Raman, photoacoustic and combined bioimaging. Future research directions and perspectives in this rapidly developing field are also discussed.