非线性弹性卸载对回弹预测的影响

将弹性模量的变化引入了回弹的计算．因为其代表性,本文针对V型弯曲,考查了非线性弹性卸载对回弹预测的影响．

镁合金板的非弹性回复行为研究

镁合金在室温成形中存在着严重的回弹问题,为了获得准确的材料参数来对其回弹行为进行精确的预测和有效的控制,以AZ31B和AM60B镁合金板为研究对象,进行了单向拉伸试验,并对AZ31B进行了扫描电镜观察。采用加载-卸载-再加载的往复单向拉伸试验对镁合金板在卸载过程中的应力应变响应进行了重点分析,并讨论了卸载过程中的非弹性回复行为的变化规律。结果表明:AZ31B和AM60B镁合金板在卸载过程中表现出显著的非线性,卸载总应变回复包括弹性回复和非弹性回复两部分,非弹性回复随着塑性应变的增加呈短暂上升趋势后缓慢减小,最大占比达到24%左右。

超弹塑性泡沫连续冲击动力学行为分析的新方法

提出了一个用于表征泡沫非线性卸载与残余变形力学行为的简单方法。结合超弹本构模型与弹塑性本构模型,把塑料泡沫看成由相同横截面积但不同厚度的超弹层与弹塑性层两层叠置而成。两层结构有相同的加载力学行为,表现为线弹性、屈服平台与压实3个阶段,但两层呈现不同的卸载性能。超弹层按照MULLINS效应规律进行卸载,弹塑性层按照线弹性力学行为进行卸载。然后基于EPS(expanded polystyrene foam)的单轴压缩试验结果,获得了超弹层与弹塑性层本构模型中9个参数的结果,这些参数能够同时表征非线性卸载与残余变形力学行为。最后利用两层的本构模型预测了EPS连续多次(3次)冲击动力学响应,试验结果与理论计算结果良好的吻合性证实了所提出的方法的有效性。

A nonlinear rheological damage model of hard rock

By adopting cyclic increment loading and unloading method, time-independent and time-dependent strains can be separated. It is more reasonable to describe the reversible and the irreversible deformations of sample separately during creep process. A nonlinear elastic-visco-plastic rheological model is presented to characterize the time-based deformational behavior of hard rock. Specifically, a spring element is used to describe reversible instantaneous elastic deformation. A reversible nonlinear visco-elastic （RNVE） model is developed to characterize recoverable visco-elastic response. A combined model, which contains a fractional derivative dashpot in series with another Hook’s body, and a St. Venant body in parallel with them, is proposed to describe irreversible visco-plastic deformation. Furthermore, a three-stage damage equation based on strain energy is developed in the visco-plastic portion and then nonlinear elastic-visco-plastic rheological damage model is established to explain the trimodal creep response of hard rock. Finally, the proposed model is validated by a laboratory triaxial rheological experiment. Comparing with theoretical and experimental results, this rheological damage model characterizes well the reversible and irreversible deformations of the sample, especially the tertiary creep behavior.

Material Selection for Hawsers for a Side-by-side Offloading System

In order to provide a theoretical guide for choosing the material for the hawsers for the FPSO side-by-side offloading system, which is moored by the yoke system, the 3D potential flow theory and full coupled time-domain analysis are presented to study the dynamic response of the offloading system. The MingZhu FPSO offloading system in the field BZ25-1 is simulated here; and four different characteristic fiber ropes are used as the material for the hawsers. To acquire an accurate hawser line tension, the polynomial fitting method is used to calculate the nonlinear stiffness of the hawsers. By comparing the hawser lines＇ tension and the relative motion between the FPSO and the shuttle tanker, a suitable material for the hawser lines is chosen and discussed in this paper. The results indicate that the nonlinear stiffness characteristic of the fiber rope has a small effect on the relative motion of the vessels, but the hawser lines＇ tension is greatly influenced by the different characteristics of the fiber ropes. The hawser lines＇ tension with nonlinear stiffness is in accordance with the one with the upper and lower bound linear stiffness, which proves this method of fitting the fiber ropes＇ nonlinear stiffness is reasonable and reliable.

Simulation of Reciprocating Compressor Start-up and Shut-down under Loaded and Unloaded Conditions

During the start-up and shut-down phase of reciprocating compressors, the loads on all components of driven train system are very high. In this paper a method for calculating the forces on coupling, e-motor, crank shaft as well other components of the system will be described. The modelling of the electrical induction motor, coupling, crank shaft, damper as well as the compressor resistance torque are extremely important in simulating start-up and shut-down of reciprocating compressor. Furthermore the switching torque of the electrical motor and the instantaneous moment of inertia of the reciprocating compressor crank gear are important as well. The transient start-up and shut-down process under loaded and unloaded conditions is described using a non-linear differential equation for driven train system： E-motor--coupling--flywheel--reciprocating compressor--damper. Shaft torsional moments on the drive train and especially on the coupling, whether elastic or stiff, can then only be calculated using numerical simulation. This paper will describe some of the key elements in modelling, simulating and measurements of drive train start-up and shut-down carried out on already operational piston compressor units.

Loading-unloading test analysis of anisotropic columnar jointed basalts

To evaluate the columnar jointed basalts in the dam site of Baihetan hydropower station in southwest China, we developed a basic conceptual model of single jointed rock mass. Considering that the rock mass deformation consists of rock block deformation and joints deformation, the linear mechanical characteristics of the cell (including the elastic joints and the nonlinear mechanical behaviors of the cell) with a combined frictional-elastic interface were analyzed. We developed formulas to calculate the rock block deformation, which can be adapted for multiple jointed rock mass and columnar jointed basalts. The formulas are effective in calculating the equivalent modulus of multiple jointed rock mass, and precisely reveal the anisotropic properties of columnar jointed basalts. Furthermore, the in situ rigid bearing plate tests were analyzed and calculated, and the types of loading-unloading curves and the equivalent modulus along different directions of columnar jointed basalts were obtained. The analytical results are in close compliance with the test results.