低速轴流涡轮非定常数值模拟的非线性谐波法

本文介绍了旋转机械非定常数值模拟的非线性谐波方法,并对某低速轴流涡轮的流场进行了数值模拟,获得了该涡轮通道内的非定常流场结构。在与实验结果及定常计算结果对比确认的基础上,分析了该涡轮动静叶间干涉与非定常流动特性,并比较了谐波阶数和工质的压缩性对计算结果的影响。研究结果表明,非线性谐波方法可有效地模拟动静非定常干涉。

桨叶数目对对转螺旋桨气动和噪声特性的影响

对转螺旋桨的高效率与低油耗等优点已引起人们越来越多的关注。然而,噪声是对转螺旋桨研制过程中亟需解决的关键问题。基于非线性谐波法和声类比理论,研究了转子桨叶数目对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律及其物理机制。以某型对转螺旋桨为基准对象,研究了7种不同桨叶数组合的对转螺旋桨模型。研究发现,增加对转螺旋桨前/后排转子桨叶数,前/后排转子拉力系数和功率系数将增大,而其波动幅值则明显减小,但这也将损害对转螺旋桨的总推进效率。提出在增加前/后排转子桨叶数的同时适当降低前/后排转子转速,结果表明,该方案既可以保证对转螺旋桨总推力及总效率不受影响,还可以在干涉噪声频率下,获得比单纯增加桨叶数更明显、更宽广的降噪效果。

低速轴流涡轮转静子干涉的非定常数值模拟

低速涡轮内部流动在低雷诺数进口条件下可能涉及流态转变,增加了流动的复杂性。为了分析低速涡轮在低雷诺数下的三维流动结构,对低速轴流涡轮内部流场进行了数值模拟,获得了叶片通道中的三维流场结构。在与实验结果进行对比确认的基础上,详细分析了由转静干涉效应引起的非定常流动现象及其对涡轮气动性能的影响。结果表明,低雷诺数状态下,转静干涉效应对低速轴流涡轮静叶通道内流动状况的影响小于对动叶通道内流动的影响;动叶表面的分离流区位置位于叶中和叶顶之间,使得顶部通道涡沿周向拉伸。这种拉伸运动使得气流参数在叶顶附近的周期性变化幅度大于叶根附近的变化幅度。

Methodology Approach Using Harmonic Synthesis as Simulation Method for Investigation of Power Network with Non-Linear Loads

The paper deals with analysis and synthesis of non-harmonic and non-linear sources and appliances, and their interaction with harmonic power supply network. Basic idea is based on knowledge of harmonic spectrum of the sources and/or appliances, respectively. Obviously, one need to know voltage harmonic components of voltage sources （renewable with inverters,...）, and current harmonic components generated by non-linear appliances （rectifiers,...）. Method of investigation lies on decomposition of real electric circuit into n-harmonic separated equivalent schemes for each harmonic component. Then transient analysis will be done for each scheme separately using ＂impedance harmonic matrices＂. The important fact is that each equivalent scheme is now linearized and therefore easily calculated. Finally, the effects of each investigated schemes arc summed into resulting quantities of real non-linear electric circuit.

轴向间距对单级风扇纯音噪声的影响

针对单级风扇纯音噪声的远场声辐射预测,介绍了一种混合计算方法。其中,非线性谐波(NLH)方法用于转静干涉载荷声源的计算,声类比方法用以获得自由场的辐射声场,机匣的散射作用通过边界积分方法(BIEM)加以考虑。该混合方法可以同时预测管道内的声传播和管道外的声辐射。采用NASA的Advanced Noise Control Fan(ANCF)项目中的单级风扇作为研究对象,研究了实验间距下转静交界面位置的影响,确定交界面位置取在转静间距0.5倍,此时和远场声辐射实验结果最为接近。随后研究转静轴向间距对纯音噪声的影响,随着间距的减小,静子表面非定常载荷幅值、远场噪声指向性声压级相应增加。在低频下噪声指向性形状保持一致,高频噪声的指向性形状和声压级变化明显。

后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动和声学特性的影响

基于非线性谐波法和声类比模型,研究了不同后排转子直径对对转螺旋桨气动特性和噪声的影响规律。首先,利用单排螺旋桨风洞试验结果验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。随后,以某型对转螺旋桨为研究对象,研究了6种具有不同后排转子直径的对转螺旋桨模型。研究发现,对转螺旋桨后排转子直径“裁剪”会降低后排螺旋桨的拉力系数和功率系数,但对效率的影响不明显。随着后排转子直径的减小,前排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声几乎没有变化,但高阶噪声变化幅度较大。后排转子减小0.25倍直径,后排转子的叶片通过频率下的噪声降低约为9 dB。后排转子直径“裁剪”不仅可以降低后排转子噪声,在一定程度上也可以降低前排转子的噪声。通过叶片“裁剪”,对转螺旋桨气动噪声降低5~6 dB。对转螺旋桨后排转子直径的减小,减弱了对转螺旋桨叶尖涡干涉和尾迹干涉,并减弱了前后排桨叶的势流场干涉,进而降低了对转螺旋桨的噪声辐射。

Nonlinear identification of systems with parametric excitation

In this paper, the incremental harmonic balance nonlinear identification (IHBNID) is presented for modelling and parametric identification of nonlinear systems. The effects of harmonic balance nonlinear identification (HBNID) and IHBNID are also studied and compared by using numerical simulation. The effectiveness of the IHBNID is verified through the Mathieu-Duffing equation as an example. With the aid of the new method, the derivation procedure of the incremental harmonic balance method is simplified. The system responses can be represented by the Fourier series expansion in complex form. By keeping several lower-order primary harmonic coefficients to be constant, some of the higher-order harmonic coefficients can be self-adaptive in accordance with the residual errors. The results show that the IHBNID is highly efficient for computation, and excels the HBNID in terms of computation accuracy and noise resistance.

Axisymmetric 3:1 internal resonance of thin-walled hyperelastic cylindrical shells under both axial and radial excitations

Nonlinear vibration with axisymmetric 3:1 internal resonance is investigated for an incompressible neo-Hookean hyperelastic cylindrical shell under both axial and radial harmonic excitations.A full nonlinear strain-displacement relation is derived from the large deflection theory of thin-walled shells.A set of nonlinear differential equations describing the large deflection vibration are formulated by the Lagrange equation and the assumption of small strains.Steady-state responses of the system are predicted via the harmonic balance method with the arc length continuation,and their stabilities are determined via the modified sorting method.The effects of excitations on the steady-state responses are analyzed.The results reveal a crucial role played by the phase difference in the structural response,and the phase difference can effectively control the amplitude of vibration.

On the Error Estimate of the Harmonic B_z Algorithm in MREIT from Noisy Magnetic Flux Field

Abstract Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography （MREIT, for short） is a new medical imaging technique developed recently to visualize the cross-section conduc- tivity of biologic tissues. A new MREIT image reconstruction method called harmonic Bz algorithm was proposed in 2002 with the measurement of Bz that is a single component of an induced magnetic flux density subject to an injection current. The key idea is to solve a nonlinear integral equation by some iteration process. This paper deals with the convergence analysis as well as the error estimate for noisy input data Bz, which is the practical situation for MREIT. By analyzing the iteration process containing the Laplacian operation on the input magnetic field rigorously, the authors give the error estimate for the iterative solution in terms of the noisy level 6 and the regularizing scheme for determining ABz approximately from the noisy input data. The regularizing scheme for computing the Laplacian from noisy input data is proposed with error analysis. Our results provide both the theoretical basis and the implementable scheme for evaluating the reconstruction accuracy using harmonic Bz algorithm with practical measurement data containing noise.