基于非结构网格三维有限元堤坝隐患时移特征分析

土石堤坝的内部隐患是造成堤坝事故的主要因素,严重威胁到坝体的安全和稳定。由于堤坝隐患会随时间发生形态与尺寸的改变,表现出明显的电性结构变化,因此通过时移电阻率成像方法可以实现对土石堤坝的实时监测,进而达到堤坝隐患快速预警的目的。目前的时移电法堤坝隐患监测技术主要基于一维或二维介质模型,无法准确描述三维堤坝结构的时移电性变化特征,为此,基于高密度直流电阻率法探测理论,利用三维非结构有限元数值模拟正演方法,精细模拟典型堤坝隐患模型直流电场的时移变化特征,分析响应变化规律。数值模拟结果表明,时移监测结果对堤坝隐患变化趋势具有良好的反映,堤坝隐患尺寸、位置和形态的改变能够引起监测异常幅值和位置的规律性变化。本文的研究成果可为堤坝隐患时移监测异常识别和灾害预警提供理论指导。

耦合板结构的非结构零阶能量有限元分析

基于薄板高频振动时三种波场的能量流控制方程,用三角形网格划分板结构,推导了非结构零阶能量有限元的计算格式。并运用该方法计算了L型耦合板和简化的汽车外壳,得到各波场在空间上的能量密度结果。将计算结果与统计能量法和能量有限元进行对比,验证了其正确性。计算结果表明,频率很高时面内波能量往往能达到弯曲波能量水平,高频振动仿真时有必要同时考虑三种波场。

起伏地表频域/时域航空电磁系统三维正演模拟研究

由于航空电磁系统具有工作频率低、时间延迟短等特点,地形对航空电磁响应有很大影响,忽略地形影响会给航空电磁数据解释造成很大误差.本文将基于非结构化网格的矢量有限元法应用于模拟起伏地表条件下频域/时域(FD/TD)三维航空电磁系统响应.该方法由于采用非结构网格,与传统的结构化网格电磁正演算法相比,能更好地拟合地形和地下不规则异常体,提高对不规则地形和地下介质航空电磁响应的计算精度.通过将计算结果与半空间模型的半解析解及已发表的结果进行对比,检验了本文算法的精度.通过对典型山峰和山谷地形航空电磁响应分析对比,总结了地形对航空电磁响应的影响特征.研究结果对航空电磁地形效应的识别和校正具有指导意义.

起伏地形条件下长偏移距瞬变电磁三维正演

地球物理勘探区的地形往往是起伏复杂的,传统长偏移距瞬变电磁法(long-offset transient electromagnetic method, LOTEM)三维正演模拟一般不考虑地形的影响,而地形因素会严重影响LOTEM数据的合理解释。因此,本文开展起伏地形条件下非结构矢量有限元LOTEM三维正演模拟。首先,应用三维建模软件Blender准确建立复杂地电模型,采用非结构四面体网格精细刻画起伏地形。其次,基于偶极子离散的长导线源近似技术,将长导线源离散为若干段等效电偶极子,并引入二阶后退欧拉格式完成时间离散。进而实现LOTEM快速、高精度三维正演。在保证计算精度的前提下,模拟了起伏地形条件下复杂地质模型的瞬变电磁场响应。模拟结果表明,由于地形的影响,LOTEM电磁场响应“畸变”严重,会削弱甚至完全“埋没”地下异常体的瞬变电磁场响应,严重影响地下目标体的有效探测。

2.5D induced polarization forward modeling using the adaptive finite-element method

The conventional finite-element（FE） method often uses a structured mesh, which is designed according to the user’s experience, and it is not sufficiently accurate and flexible to accommodate complex structures such as dipping interfaces and rough topography. We present an adaptive FE method for 2.5D forward modeling of induced polarization（IP）. In the presented method, an unstructured triangulation mesh that allows for local mesh refinement and flexible description of arbitrary model geometries is used. Furthermore, the mesh refinement process is guided by dual error estimate weighting to bias the refinement towards elements that affect the solution at the receiver locations. After the final mesh is generated, the Jacobian matrix is used to obtain the IP response on 2D structure models. We validate the adaptive FE algorithm using a vertical contact model. The validation shows that the elements near the receivers are highly refined and the average relative error of the potentials converges to 0.4 % and 1.2 % for the IP response. This suggests that the numerical solution of the adaptive FE algorithm converges to an accurate solution with the refined mesh. Finally, the accuracy and flexibility of the adaptive FE procedure are also validated using more complex models.

电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁地形影响特征分析

电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁法是进行山区矿产资源勘探的一种有效手段,然而地形起伏对观测数据影响严重,给瞬变电磁数据精细化解释带来很大困难。为此,本文基于三维非结构时间域有限元正演模拟方法开展电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁地形影响特征分析。首先利用非结构网格对起伏地形进行精细剖分,结合矢量有限元和后退欧拉离散技术实现复杂地质模型快速正演。然后通过模拟大量典型起伏地表模型,系统分析了三维地形响应的空间分布特征,结果表明地形对电性源短偏移距瞬变电磁响应影响严重,而且影响特征十分复杂。在此基础上,我们进一步分析了复杂地形对地下目标体探测的影响,结果发现复杂地形与地下目标体相互耦合导致无法对地下目标体进行有效分辨,这给地下目标体的准确探测带来了巨大困难。

Application of 1D/3D finite elements coupling for structural nonlinear analysis

An element coupling model (ECM) method was proposed to simulate the global behavior and local damage of a structure.In order to reflect the local damage and improve the computational efficiency,three-dimensional (3D) solid elements and one-dimensional (1D) beam element were coupled by the multi-point constraint equations.A reduced scale 1?8 model test was simulated by the ECM and a full three dimensional model (3DM) contrastively.The results show that the global behavior and local damages of ECM agree well with the test and 3DM.It is indicated that the proposed method can be used in the structural nonlinear analysis accurately and efficiently.

Three-dimensional forward modeling for the SBTEM method using an unstructured fi nite-element method

In this study,we propose a three-dimensional(3D)forward modeling algorithm of surface-to-borehole transient electromagnetic(SBTEM)fields based on an unstructured vector fi nite-element method to analyze the characteristics of SBTEM responses for complex geoelectrical models.To solve the double-curl diff usion equation for the electric fi eld,we use an unstructured tetrahedral mesh to discretize the model domain and select the unconditionally stable backward Euler scheme to discretize the time derivative.In our numerical experiments,we use a grounded wire as a transmitting source.After validating the algorithm’s eff ectiveness,we first analyze the diffusion characteristics and detectability of the electromagnetic field.After that,we focus our attention on the distribution and the cause of zero bands for Ex and dBy/dt components with the hope of guiding future field surveys.Finally,by simulating diff erent models,we analyze the capability of the SBTEM method in detecting typical mineral veins so that we can provide a reference for mineral resource exploration in the deep earth.

Dynamic analysis and nonlinear identification of space deployable structure

The dynamic equivalent continuum modeling method of the mast which is based on energy equivalency principle was investigated. And three kinds of mast dynamic model were established, which were equivalent continuum model, finite element model and simulation model, respectively. The mast frequencies and mode shapes were calculated by these models and compared with each other. The error between the equivalent continuum model and the finite element model is less than 5% when the mast length is longer. Dynamic responses of the mast with different lengths are tested, the mode frequencies and mode shapes are compared with finite element model. The mode shapes match well with each other, while the frequencies tested by experiments are lower than the results of the finite element model, which reflects the joints lower the mast stiffness. The nonlinear dynamic characteristics are presented in the dynamic responses of the mast under different excitation force levels. The joint nonlinearities in the deployable mast are identified as nonlinear hysteresis contributed by the coulomb friction which soften the mast stiffness and lower the mast frequencies.

Nonlinear finite-element-based structural system failure probability analysis methodology for gravity dams considering correlated failure modes

The structural system failure probability(SFP) is a valuable tool for evaluating the global safety level of concrete gravity dams.Traditional methods for estimating the failure probabilities are based on defined mathematical descriptions,namely,limit state functions of failure modes.Several problems are to be solved in the use of traditional methods for gravity dams.One is how to define the limit state function really reflecting the mechanical mechanism of the failure mode;another is how to understand the relationship among failure modes and enable the probability of the whole structure to be determined.Performing SFP analysis for a gravity dam system is a challenging task.This work proposes a novel nonlinear finite-element-based SFP analysis method for gravity dams.Firstly,reasonable nonlinear constitutive modes for dam concrete,concrete/rock interface and rock foundation are respectively introduced according to corresponding mechanical mechanisms.Meanwhile the response surface(RS) method is used to model limit state functions of main failure modes through the Monte Carlo(MC) simulation results of the dam-interface-foundation interaction finite element(FE) analysis.Secondly,a numerical SFP method is studied to compute the probabilities of several failure modes efficiently by simple matrix integration operations.Then,the nonlinear FE-based SFP analysis methodology for gravity dams considering correlated failure modes with the additional sensitivity analysis is proposed.Finally,a comprehensive computational platform for interfacing the proposed method with the open source FE code Code Aster is developed via a freely available MATLAB software tool(FERUM).This methodology is demonstrated by a case study of an existing gravity dam analysis,in which the dominant failure modes are identified,and the corresponding performance functions are established.Then,the dam failure probability of the structural system is obtained by the proposed method considering the correlation relationship of main failure modes on the basis of the mechanical mechanism analysis with the MC-FE simulations.

Study on Collision Between Two Ships Using Selected Parameters in Collision Simulation

In the present analysis, several parameters used in a numerical simulation are investigated in an integrated study to obtain their influence on the process and results of this simulation. The parameters studied are element formulation, friction coefficient, and material model. Numerical simulations using the non-linear finite element method are conducted to produce virtual experimental data for several collision scenarios. Pattern and size damages caused by collision in a real accident case are assumed as real experimental data, and these are used to validate the method. The element model study performed indicates that the Belytschko-Tsay element formulation should be recommended for use in virtual experiments. It is recommended that the real value of the friction coefficient for materials involved is applied in simulations. For the study of the material model, the application of materials with high yield strength is recommended for use in the side hull structure.

Reverse time migration imaging of tunnels via the finite element method using an unstructured mesh

Wavefield extrapolation is critical in reverse time migration(RTM).The finite diff erence method is primarily used to achieve wavefi eld extrapolation in case of the RTM imaging of tunnels.However,complex tunnel models,including those for karsts and fault fracture zones,are constructed using regular grids with straight curves,which can cause numerical dispersion and reduce the imaging accuracy.In this study,wavefi eld extrapolation was conducted for tunnel RTM using the finite element method,wherein an unstructured mesh was considered to be the body-fi tted partition in a complex model.Further,a Poynting vector calculation equation suitable for the unstructured mesh considered in the fi nite element method was established to suppress the interference owing to low-frequency noise.The tunnel space was considered during wavefi eld extrapolation to suppress the mirror artifacts based on the fl exibility of mesh generation.Finally,the infl uence of the survey layouts(one and two sidewalls)on the tunnel imaging results was investigated.The RTM results obtained for a simple tunnel model with an inclined interface demonstrate that the method based on unstructured meshes can effectively suppress the low-frequency noise and mirror artifacts,obtaining clear imaging results.Furthermore,the two-sidewall tunnel survey layout can be used to accurately obtain the real position of the inclined interface ahead of the tunnel face.The complex tunnel numerical modeling and actual data migration results denote the eff ectiveness of the fi nite element method in which an unstructured mesh is used.

A new numerical method for determining collapse load-carrying capacity of structure made of elasto-plastic material

Determination of collapse load-carrying capacity of elasto-plastic material is very important in designing structure. The problem is commonly solved by elasto-plastic finite element method （FEM）. In order to deal with material nonlinear problem involving strain softening problem effectively, a new numerical method-damped Newton method was proposed. The iterative schemes are discussed in detail for pure equilibrium models. In the equilibrium model, the plasticity criterion and the compatibility of the strains are verified, and the strain increment and plastic factor are treated as independent unknowns. To avoid the stiffness matrix being singularity or condition of matrix being ill, a damping factor a was introduced to adjust the value of plastic consistent parameter automatically during the iterations. According to the algorithm, the nonlinear finite element program was complied and its numerical example was calculated. The numerical results indicate that this method converges very fast for both small load steps and large load steps. Compared with those results obtained by analysis and experiment, the predicted ultimate bearing capacity from the proposed method is identical.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of the Structure of Door Seals

In order to evaluate the influence of the seal structure on door dosing force, nonlinear finite dement methed is introduced to analyze compression deformation of a door seal for SANTANA （name of the car made by Shanghai Volkswagen Co. Ltd）. MSC. Marc software is used to analyze the large deformation of the seal and the compression test is done to prove the computational results. The results show that the compression loads of the door seal are larger than the standard value of Shanghai Volkswagen Co. Ltd and the seal structure needs to be optimized. There are consistent relationships between calculating results and experimental results and the simulation method is effective.

Dynamic Analysis of Kineto-Elastic Beam System with Second-order Effect

Dynamic equations of motional flexible beam elements were derived considering second-order effect. Non-linear finite element method and three-node Euler-Bernoulli beam elements were used. Because accuracy is higher in non-linear structural analysis,three-node beam elements are used to deduce shape functions and stiffness matrices in dynamic equations of flexible elements. Static condensation method was used to obtain the finial dynamic equations of three-node beam elements. According to geometrical relations of nodal displacements in concomitant and global coordinate system,dynamic equations of elements can be transformed to global coordinate system by concomitant coordinate method in order to build the global dynamic equations. Analyzed amplitude condition of flexible arm support of a port crane,the results show that second-order effect should be considered in kinetic-elastic analysis for heavy load machinery of big flexibility.

Static and Buckling Analysis of Concrete Spherical Shells

A finite element analysis, including static and buckling analysis is presented for several notable concrete spherical shells around the world. Also, the structural optimization study of these shells was performed for thickness distribution and structure shape to reduce overall tensile stress, deflection and reinforcements. The finite element analysis using Sofistik software shows that a distributed concrete thickness reduces shell stresses, deflections and reinforcements. A geometrically non-linear analysis of these structures with and without imperfections was also performed. To take into account the possible plastification of the material an analysis with non-linear material was performed simultaneously with the geometrically non-linear analysis. This helps in developing an understanding of the structural behaviour and helps to identify all potential failure causes using failure analysis.

基于有理Krylov子空间法的可控源海洋电磁三维各向异性正演研究

海底沉积层层理发育较好,呈现出明显的各向异性.为了解时间域海洋电磁法在任意各向异性介质中响应特征,本文提出一种基于非结构网格有限单元法和有理Krylov子空间法的时间域海洋电磁正演模拟技术.与传统的后推欧拉时间离散方法相比,Krylov子空间法通过求解降阶的矩阵指数函数避免对时间步长的离散,计算效率更高.本文通过对主电导率张量进行欧拉旋转模拟介质的电各向异性,成功实现了三维介质时间域海洋电磁各向异性模拟.在与一维半解析解对比验证了算法的精度之后,本文分析和对比了不同电各向异性模型的振幅偏移距曲线及电场分量、电流密度分布特征.本文提出基于视电阻率极性图识别海底介质各向异性特征的方法,为进一步开展时间域海洋可控源电磁法各向异性三维反演和解释奠定基础.

Development simulation of an inflatable membrane antenna based on extended position-based dynamics

Inflatable membrane antennas have been extensively applied in space missions;however,the simulation methods are not perfect,and many simulation methods still have many difficulties in accuracy,efficiency,and stability.Therefore,the extended position-based dynamics(XPBD)method is employed and improved for the simulation of folded inflatable structures in this paper.To overcome the problem that the original XPBD method with only geometric constraints does not contain any mechanical information and cannot reflect the mechanical characteristics of the structure,we improve the XPBD method by introducing the strain energy constraint.Due to the complicated nonlinear characteristics of the membrane structures,the results with the traditional finite element method(Abaqus)cannot converge,while the tension field theory(TFT)can,but some pretreatments are needed.Compared with them,the method in this paper is simple and has better stability to accurately predict the displacement,stress,and wrinkle region of the membrane structure.In addition,the present method is also compared with the experiment in the reference to verify the feasibility of the folded tube simulation.Finally,the present method is applied to simulate inflatable membrane antennas and analyze the deployable driving force and deployable process sequence of each component.