The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built a...The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built at about the same time.Up to 2007,China had more than 600 seismic isolation and about 100 energy dissipation building structures.In 2008,the huge Wenchuan earthquake hit the southwest of China,which triggered a bloom of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.This paper presents the development history and representative applications of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China,reviews the state-of-the-practice of Chinese design,and discusses the challenges in the future applications.Major findings are as follows:Basic design procedures are becoming standardized after more than ten years of experiences,which mainly involve determination of design earthquake forces,selection of ground motions,modeling and time-history analyses,and performance criteria.Nonlinear time-history analyses using multiple ground motions are the characteristic of the design of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.Regulations,standardization and quality control of devices,balance between performance and cost,comparison with real responses,and regular inspection are identified as the issues that should be improved to further promote the application of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China.展开更多
Seismic behaviors of base-isolated structures are highly affected by the nonlinear characteristics of the isolated systems. Most of the currently available methods for the identification of nonlinear properties of iso...Seismic behaviors of base-isolated structures are highly affected by the nonlinear characteristics of the isolated systems. Most of the currently available methods for the identification of nonlinear properties of isolator require either the measurements of all structural responses or the assumptions of the proper mathematic models for the rubber-bearings. In this paper, two algorithms are proposed to identify the nonlinear properties of rubber-bearings in base-isolated buildings using only partial measurements of structural dynamic responses. The first algorithm is applicable to the case that proper mathematical models are available for the base isolators. It is based on the extended Kalman filter for the parametric identification of nonlinear models of rubber-bearing isolators and buildings. For the general case where it is difficult to establish a proper mathematical model to describe the nonlinear behavior of a rubber-bearing isolator, another algorithm is proposed to identify the model-tYee nonlinear property of rubber-bearing isolated system. Nonlinear effect of rubber-bearing is treated as ＇fictitious loading＇ on the linear building under severe earthquake. The algorithm is based on the sequential Kalman estimator for the structural responses and the least-squares estimation of the ＇fictitious loading＇ to identify the nonlinear force of rubber-bearing isolator. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two algorithms are capable of identifying the nonlinear properties of rubber-bearing isolated systems with good accuracy.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51178250)the Tsinghua University (Grant No.2010z01001)
文摘The concepts of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures emerged in the early 1970s.In China,the first seismic isolation structure was finished in 1993,and the first energy dissipation structure was built at about the same time.Up to 2007,China had more than 600 seismic isolation and about 100 energy dissipation building structures.In 2008,the huge Wenchuan earthquake hit the southwest of China,which triggered a bloom of new seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.This paper presents the development history and representative applications of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China,reviews the state-of-the-practice of Chinese design,and discusses the challenges in the future applications.Major findings are as follows:Basic design procedures are becoming standardized after more than ten years of experiences,which mainly involve determination of design earthquake forces,selection of ground motions,modeling and time-history analyses,and performance criteria.Nonlinear time-history analyses using multiple ground motions are the characteristic of the design of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures.Regulations,standardization and quality control of devices,balance between performance and cost,comparison with real responses,and regular inspection are identified as the issues that should be improved to further promote the application of seismic isolation and energy dissipation structures in China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51178406)the Research Funding from the State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering at Tongji University(Grant No.SLDRCE10-MB-01)the Fujian Natural Science Foundation Project(Grant No.2010J01309)
文摘Seismic behaviors of base-isolated structures are highly affected by the nonlinear characteristics of the isolated systems. Most of the currently available methods for the identification of nonlinear properties of isolator require either the measurements of all structural responses or the assumptions of the proper mathematic models for the rubber-bearings. In this paper, two algorithms are proposed to identify the nonlinear properties of rubber-bearings in base-isolated buildings using only partial measurements of structural dynamic responses. The first algorithm is applicable to the case that proper mathematical models are available for the base isolators. It is based on the extended Kalman filter for the parametric identification of nonlinear models of rubber-bearing isolators and buildings. For the general case where it is difficult to establish a proper mathematical model to describe the nonlinear behavior of a rubber-bearing isolator, another algorithm is proposed to identify the model-tYee nonlinear property of rubber-bearing isolated system. Nonlinear effect of rubber-bearing is treated as ＇fictitious loading＇ on the linear building under severe earthquake. The algorithm is based on the sequential Kalman estimator for the structural responses and the least-squares estimation of the ＇fictitious loading＇ to identify the nonlinear force of rubber-bearing isolator. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two algorithms are capable of identifying the nonlinear properties of rubber-bearing isolated systems with good accuracy.
