用孔隙分布曲线预测压实黄土非饱和渗透曲线及其适用范围的探讨

土体非饱和渗透曲线受其孔隙分布的控制,因此可以用孔隙分布曲线预测渗透曲线。为了探讨这一方法对压实黄土的适用范围,制备了3组不同干密度的压实黄土样,通过压汞试验测得土样的孔隙分布(pore-size distribution,简称PSD)曲线,用课题组设计的小型土柱设备测定了其非饱和渗透曲线。利用PSD曲线预测渗透曲线,并与实测数据进行对比。结果表明:压实黄土的渗透曲线可分为由毛细水主导的低基质吸力阶段和由吸附水主导的高基质吸力阶段。在低吸力段,3组土样的渗透曲线差异较大,而在高吸力段3组土样的渗透曲线重合,表明高吸力段的渗透性和干密度无关。此外,3组土样的预测结果和实测数据在低吸力段吻合较好,在高吸力段预测结果小于实测结果。从PSD曲线的预测原理可见,该方法适合毛细水不适合吸附水。为此对高吸力段渗透曲线提出了修正方法,修正后的曲线可描述全基质吸力范围内的渗透曲线。

浅析基于非饱和土水特征曲线的路基边坡稳定性

以某公路路基填土为研究对象,运用非饱和土水特征仪测得非饱和土含水率与基质吸力的关系,再根据获得的曲线结合经验公式估算几种含水率下的非饱和土的强度,开展路基边坡的极限平衡分析,对比不同含水率以及饱和土条件下该公路路基边坡的稳定性,验证非饱和理论在路基边坡稳定中的适用性。

鄱阳湖湿地典型草洲植物群落种-面积关系

为了解鄱阳湖湿地草洲植物群落的结构,对其3种典型草洲植物群落种-面积关系进行了研究。采用巢式样方法调查植物物种数量,并用3种非饱和曲线拟合种-面积方程。结果表明,基于实测数据,3个草洲物种数随着取样面积的增加先快速增加后趋于平稳;群落最小取样面积均为30 m^2。幂函数模型对3个草洲群落的种-面积关系拟合效果均为最佳,3个草洲群落的RSE分别为0.35、0.35和0.56,AAD分别为0.23、0.17和0.35,AARD分别为0.06、0.02和0.07,而指数模型、Fisher模型的拟合效果一般。指数模型计算得到的不同比例因子下3个草洲最小取样面积与实际情况最为吻合。这为鄱阳湖区进行植物群落数据采集的样方设置提供了理论参考。

脱湿速率对膨胀土堑坡稳定性的影响分析

以广西南宁膨胀土为研究对象,设置不同温湿度条件引起的脱湿环境,测试不同脱湿速率作用下,膨胀土的收缩特性以及持水能力,预测不同脱湿速率作用下非饱和土体渗透曲线,并对膨胀土边坡雨水入渗过程进行数值模拟计算。试验结果表明,脱湿速率越小,膨胀土收缩变形越大,这说明自然条件下湿度大的气候里,经过缓慢蒸发,表层土体的膨胀潜势会较大。数值计算结果表明,脱湿速率较小时,降雨后边坡雨水入渗的影响深度较大,这说明,湿度大的气候条件下,长期的蒸发过程,会导致更大的降雨入渗深度,从而不利于膨胀土边坡的稳定。

采煤沉陷区包气带土壤水力参数测定及特征分析

为研究矿山采煤沉陷中的裂隙对包气带土壤水力参数影响,通过对淮南潘一煤矿沉陷区包气带土壤颗粒组成、水分特征曲线(SWCCs)和非饱和导水率曲线(UHCCs)测试分析,并与非沉陷区进行对比分析讨论。结果表明:处于稳沉阶段的沉陷区,其裂隙对包气带土壤水力参数产生影响表现为沉陷作用降低了包气带SWCCs斜率,且地表深部隐伏裂隙减小了SWCCs中的进气值,导致沉陷区包气带土壤释水能力增大;UHCCs测定分析表明,在相同基质势作用下,沉陷区土壤UHCCs明显低于对照组,由于沉陷产生的裂隙中的水最先被排空,形成不导水的空隙,导致非饱和导水率下降。研究结果为沉陷区水分运移试验研究提供一定理论与指导。

The Unsaturated Hydraulic Parameters for Aeolian Sand

The water characteristic curve for aeolian sand in two processes of wetting and drying was obtained by the negative water column technique.The values of fitting parameters were calculated according to Van Genuchten formula and the parameters that characterized the prosperities of aeolian sand such as the unsaturated infiltration coefficient and specific water capacity were obtained.The results showed that the water characteristic curve for aeolian sand in wetting process had greater hysteresis quality than ...

Stress-strain relationship of unsaturated cohesive soil

A moisture-content based constitutive model was proposed based on the hyperbolic model as an attempt to move towards the implementation of unsaturated soil mechanics into routine geotechnical engineering practice. The stress-strain behavior of in-situ soil at a depth of 5 m was investigated by conducting undrained triaxial compression tests using the remolded soil samples. The test results show that the stress-strain relationship of unsaturated cohesive soil is still hyperbolic. The values of parameters a and b given in the model decrease with increasing the confining pressure for soil samples with the same moisture content and increase with increasing the moisture content for soil samples under the same confining pressure. The relationships between parameters a, b and moisture content were studied for confining pressures of 100, 150, 200 and 250 kPa. The comparison between the measured and predicted stress-strain curves for an additional group of soil samples, having a moisture content of 25.4%, shows that the proposed moisture content-dependent hyperbolic model provides a good prediction of stress-strain behavior of unsaturated cohesive soil.

Influence of Dry Density on Soil-Water Retention Curve of Unsaturated Soils and Its Mechanism Based on Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry

The soil-water retention curve(SWRC)can be used to evaluate the ability of unsaturated soils to attract water at various water contents and suctions. In this study, drying SWRCs for a kind of sandy soil were obtained in the laboratory by using self-modified SWRC apparatus. In addition, the porosity and the pore size distribution of the samples were investigated by a mercury porosimetry test in order to analyze the effect of dry density. Results showed that the soil-water retention of the soil specimens was strongly dependent on the dry density. Under zero suction, soil specimens with a higher dry density exhibited lower initial volumetric water content. The higher the dry density of soil, the more slowly the volumetric water content decreased with the increase of suction. There was a general and consistent trend for a soil specimen to possess a larger air-entry value and residual suction, while smaller slope of SWRC when it had a higher density. This was probably attributed to the presence of smaller interconnected pores in the soil specimen with a higher dry density. The proportion of large diameter pores decreased in comparison to pores with small diameters in the soil tested. The measured total pore volume of the soil specimen, which had a larger dry density, was lower than that of the relatively loose specimens.