烷基亚硝胺非α-位代谢产物反应活性从头算研究

甲基正烷基亚硝胺通过非α-位代谢产生的亲电活性中心在化学致癌过程中具有重要作用.采用从头计算方法比较了甲基乙基亚硝胺和甲基丙基亚硝胺β-位或γ-位代谢形成的硫酸酯、磷酸酯和葡萄糖醛酸酯在亚硝基的邻基参与作用下的反应活化能以及过渡态和中间体的分子结构.计算结果表明,硫酸酯的反应活性明显高于磷酸酯和葡萄糖醛酸酯,而β-位代谢物受邻基参与的促进作用更大.

lncRNA RMST靶向miR-224-3p调控缺氧复氧诱导的心肌细胞损伤

目的:探讨长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)横纹肌肉瘤相关转录物-2(RMST)对建立缺氧复氧(H/R)诱导的心肌细胞损伤的影响和可能机制。方法:体外培养人心肌细胞株(HCM),建立H/R损伤模型,分为对照组、H/R模型组、H/R+si-NC组、H/R+si-RMST组、H/R+miR-NC组、H/R+miR-224-3p组、H/R+si-RMST+anti-miR-NC组和H/R+si-RMST+anti-miR-224-3p组。实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)检测RMST和miR-224-3p表达;细胞计数试剂盒(CCK-8)检测细胞活力;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;试剂盒检测丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)水平。双荧光素酶报告基因实验确定lncRNA RMST对miR-224-3p的靶向作用。结果:与对照组比较,H/R模型组心肌细胞凋亡率、MDA含量、LDH释放量、RMST表达明显升高,细胞存活率、SOD和GSH-Px水平、miR-224-3p表达明显降低(P<0.05)。与H/R+si-NC组比较,H/R+si-RMST组心肌细胞凋亡率、MDA含量、LDH释放量明显降低,细胞存活率、SOD和GSH-Px水平升高(P<0.05)。与H/R+miR-NC组比较,H/R+miR-224-3p组心肌细胞凋亡率、MDA含量、LDH释放量明显降低,细胞存活率、SOD和GSH-Px水平升高(P<0.05)。与H/R+si-RMST+anti-miR-NC组比较,H/R+si-RMST+anti-miR-224-3p组心肌细胞凋亡率、MDA含量、LDH释放量明显升高,细胞存活率、SOD和GSH-Px水平降低(P<0.05)。lncRNA RMST可负调控靶基因miR-224-3p表达。结论:通过抑制lncRNA RMST靶向上调miR-224-3p能够减轻H/R诱导的心肌细胞损伤。

Expression analysis of ThGLP, a new germin-like protein gene, in Tamarix hispida

Germin and Germin-like protein （GLP） have various proposed roles in plant developmental stages and stress- related processes. A novel GLP cDNA clone was isolated from a cDNA library of Tamarix hispida. ThGLP, coded 225aa, possesses conserved motif of plant germin and Germin-like protein. ThGLP belongs to true germin subfamily through phylogenetic analyses. Gene expression profiles in roots and leaves were evaluated using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. The results show that the gene was highly induced by drought, salt, low temperature, CdCl2 and abscisic acid treatments. Our results demonstrate that the ThGLP gene is expressed in leaves and roots, is involved in different abiotic stress re-sponses and controlled by an ABA-dependent signaling pathway.

Non-tobacco Related Materials Control Mode of Export-oriented Tobacco

Non-tobacco related materials （NTRM） come from field production, tobacco stringing, grading and purchasing, affecting cigarette quality and having potential safety hazard. The research reviewed control on NTRM from source, production and processing to enhance use efficiency of raw materials and guarantee raw material safety.

Isolation of an Arabidopsis Gene Encoding Ins (1,3,4) P_3 5/6-Kinase-like Protein and Involved in Plant Response to Abiotic Stresses

By mRNA differential display from control versus NaCl_shocked Arabidopsis seedlings, we screened an Arabidopsis 3′ partial cDNA, which represents a gene encoding inositol 1,3,4_trisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4)P 3) 5/6_kinase_like protein. Northern blotting analysis showed that the gene, named as AtITL1, is strongly induced by NaCl and low temperature, but not induced by drought and abscisic acid (ABA). Analysis of 5′ region of the AtITL1 found that there are dehydration_responsive element/C_repeat (DRE/CRT) cis _acting elements, but no elements related to G_box and ABRE (ABA_responsive element) in its 5′ region, which is consistent with the expression patterns of the AtITL1 independent of ABA. These results suggest that the AtITL1 may be involved in the osmotic stress response pathway independent of ABA.

A non-parametric indicator Kriging method for generating coastal sediment type map

Coastal sediment type map has been widely used in marine economic and engineering activities, but the traditional mapping methods had some limitations due to their intrinsic assumption or subjectivity. In this paper, a non-parametric indicator Kriging method has been proposed for generating coastal sediment map. The method can effectively avoid mapping subjectivity, has no special requirements for the sample data to meet second-order stationary or normal distribution, and can also provide useful information on the quantitative evaluation of mapping uncertainty. The application of the method in the southern sea area of Lianyungang showed that much more convincing mapping results could be obtained compared with the traditional methods such as IDW, Kriging and Voronoi diagram under the same condition, so the proposed method was applicable with great utilization value.

A rock-physical modeling method for carbonate reservoirs at seismic scale

Strong heterogeneity and complex pore systems of carbonate reservoir rock make its rock physics model building and fluid substitution difficult and complex. However, rock physics models connect reservoir parameters with seismic parameters and fluid substitution is the most effective tool for reservoir prediction and quantitative characterization. On the basis of analyzing complex carbonate reservoir pore structures and heterogeneity at seismic scale, we use the gridding method to divide carbonate rock into homogeneous blocks with independent rock parameters and calculate the elastic moduli of dry rock units step by step using different rock physics models based on pore origin and structural feature. Then, the elastic moduli of rocks saturated with different fluids are obtained using fluid substitution based on different pore connectivity. Based on the calculated elastic moduli of rock units, the Hashin-Shtrikman-Walpole elastic boundary theory is adopted to calculate the carbonate elastic parameters at seismic scale. The calculation and analysis of carbonate models with different combinations of pore types demonstrate the effects of pore type on rock elastic parameters. The simulated result is consistent with our knowledge of real data.

Study on the Changes of Non-structural Carbohydrates and Nitrogen Contents of Quercus aquifolioides Scrub along Different Elevation Gradient

[Objective] The aim was to compare the content changes between the non-structural carbohydrates（NSC）and the total nitrogen in various growing seasons,and to explore the response relationship between altitude and the contents.[Method] Taking Quercus aquifolioides scrub which widely distributed in Zheduoshan in the west of Sichuan as the experimental objects,the changes between NSC and the toal nitrogen in various growing seasons at different altitude were studied.[Result] The results showed that the content of NSC in Quercus aquifolioides underground increased with the lift of elevation in the dormancy,but decreased in the early germination,growing period and growth stage.The content of NSC in the ground tissue changed non-linearly with increasing elevation.In addition,the total nitrogen of Quercus aquifolioides organizations was decreasing with increasing elevation in the dormant period,which did not change significantly in the other periods.This result implied that the content of NSC in Quercus aquifolioides underground was more sensitive to temperature.[Conclusion] The experiment laid basis for the exploration of the physical and ecological mechanism of underground plants adaptability to highland environment,their response to global climate changes and adjustment to high altitude ecological system.

Recent advances in metal-free catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from CO_2 and epoxides

The aim of ＂green chemistry＂ and ＂atom economy＂ is to utilize carbon dioxide and replace harmful reactants such as CO and phosgene for the production of cyclic carbonates. In this paper, metal-free catalysts including organic bases, ionic liquids, supported catalysts, organic copolymers and carbon materials for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates by the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide to epoxides are reviewed. Recent advances in the design of the catalysts and the understanding of the reaction mechanism are summarized and discussed. The synergistic effects of organic bases and hydrogen bond donors, organic bases and nucleophilic anions, hydrogen bond donors and nucleophilic anions and active components and supports are highlighted. The challenge is to develop metal-free catalysts suitable for carbon dioxide capture and fixation. The ultimate goal is to synthesize cyclic carbonates in a flow reactor directly using carbon dioxide from industrial flue gas at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. By using synergetic effects, a multi-functional approach can meet the design strategy of metal-free catalysts for carbon dioxide adsorption and activation as well as epoxide ring opening.

Investigation on Non-covalent Complexes of Cyclodextrins with Li＋ in Gas Phase by Mass Spectrometry

To investigate the non-covalent interaction between cyclodextrins （CD） and lithium ion, a stoichiometry of α-CD, β-CD, heptakis（2,6-di-O-methyl）-β-CD （DM-β-CD）, or heptakis（2,3,6-tri-O-methyl）-β-CD （TM-β-CD） was mixed with lithium salt, respectively, and then incubated at room temperature for 10 min to reach the equilibrium. In posi- tive mode, the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （ESI-MS） results demonstrated that lithium ion can conjugate to α-, β-, DM-β- or TM-β-CD and form 1：1 stoichiometric non-covalent complexes. The binding of the complexes was further confirmed by collision- induced dissociation. The dissociation constants Kdl of four complexes （Li＋α-CD, Li＋β- CD, Li＋DM-β-CD, and Li＋TM-β-CD） were determined by mass spectrometric titration. The results showed Kdl were 18.7, 26.7, 33.6, 30.5 μmol/L for the complexes of Li＋ with α-CD, β-CD, DM-β-CD, and TM-β-CD, respectively. Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of/3-CD is smaller than that of DM-β-CD due to its steric effect of the partial substituted -CH3. The Kdl for the Li＋ complexes of DM-β-CD is nearly in agreement with that of TM-β-CD, indicating Li＋ is more likely to locate in the small rim of DM-β-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity. The DFT results showed through electrostatic interaction, one Li＋ can strongly conjugate to four neighboring oxygen atoms. For the （α-CD＋Li）＋ complex, one Li＋ may also situate the small rim of α-CD＇s hydrophobic cavity to form a non-specific host-guest complex.

Comprehensive decision-making method for optimal location of logistics hubs

A mathematical optimal model is developed to address the problem of logistics hubs location.The method integrates nonlinear programming models and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,and handles both quantitative and qualitative factors that influence the location of logistics hubs.A mathematical programming model is used to find the optimal candidate sites of the logistics hub based on profit-maximizing criteria.Then a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is adopted to determine the final optimal location of those candidate sites by taking account of criteria including stability of policy environment,convenience of transportation(e.g.,easy access to highways/expressways,etc.),rationality of economy,competition and sustainability.Finally,the methodology is demonstrated by a case study of the Transfar Logistics Base in Zhejiang Province.The results verify the method application for logistics hub locations and show how to locate a logistics hub in practice from the case of Transfar Logistics Base.

Functional Equilibrium Between Photosynthetic and Above-ground Nonphotosynthetic Structures of Plants: Evidence from a Pruning Experiment with Three Subtropical Tree Species

It is well known that plants have functional equilibrium between their above-ground parts (shoots) and below-ground parts (roots), but whether the above-ground parts of plants have functional equilibrium between their photosynthetic structures (leaves) and non-photosynthetic structures (branches and stem) is unknown. The purpose of this study is to test the hypotheses that: (1) the above-ground parts of plants have functional equilibriums between their photosynthetic structures and non-photosynthetic structures; (2) the maintenance of the equilibriums is guaranteed by the alteration of biomass partitioning to photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic structures. To test these hypotheses, a pruning experiment with four pruning intensities (0%, 20%, 50%, and 70%) were carried out with three subtropical Chinese tree species ( Ficus microcarpa, Ficus virens, Cinnamomum camphora). Pruning treatments were conducted in two successive years. The results were in conformity with the hypothesis, i.e. above-ground parts of trees had functional equilibriums between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic structures. Pruning decreased instantaneously the mass ratios of photosynthetic structures to non-photosynthetic structures (P/NP) of all three tree species, the reduction in P/NP was strengthened with pruning intensity. However, one year after pruning, the P/NP of all pruned trees increased and were not smaller than those of unpruned trees. In agreement with the expectation, the biomass partitioning of pruned trees was altered, more newly produced above-ground biomass was partitioned to leaf growth and less to branch and stem growth, thus enabled the damaged trees to restore their functional equilibrium between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic structures. It is clear that the maintenance of functional equilibrium between photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic structures guaranteed by the alteration of biomass partitioning provides plants a good strategy to resist external disturbance and damage.

Effects of Heavy Metal and Pollutants on the Non-special Immunity of the Shrimp and Crab

This paper attempted to review and evaluate existing information about the effects of heavy metal, ammonia-N, nitrite and the organic pollutants on the non-special immune response of the shrimp and crab, which providing theory for improving the self-immunity of shrimp and crab by meliorating cultural environment. In addition, it could provide information for further study on this field.

Optimization of a digested sludge-derived mesoporous material as an efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst for the photo-Fenton reaction

The anaerobic digestion of sludge has recently received increased interest because of the potential to transform organic matter into methane‐rich biogas. However, digested sludge, the residue produced in that process, still contains high levels of heavy metals and other harmful substances that might make traditional disposal difficult. We have devised a facile method of converting digested sludge into a mesoporous material that acts as an effective and stable heterogeneous catalyst for the photo‐Fenton reaction. A comparison of the removal of rhodamine B under different conditions showed that FAS‐1‐350, which was synthesized by mixing the digested sludge with a 1 mol/L（NH4）2Fe（SO4）2 solution followed by calcination at 350 °C, exhibited the best catalytic activity owing to its faster reaction rate and lower degree of Fe leaching. The results indicate that Fe^（2＋）‐loaded catalysts have significant potential to act as stable and efficient heterogeneous promoters for the photo‐Fenton reaction, with better performance than Fe^3＋‐loaded catalysts because the Fe（II）/Fe（III）compounds formed in the calcination process are necessary to sustain the Fenton reaction. This protocol provides an alternative, environmentally friendly method of reusing digested sludge and demonstrates an easily synthesized mesoporous material that effectively degrades azo dyes.

Computer Algebra and Solutions to the Karamoto-Sivashinsky Equation

The method of Riccati equation is extended for constructing travelling wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations. It is applied to solve the Karamoto-Sivashinsky equation and then its more new explicit solutions have been obtained. From the results given in this paper, one can see the computer algebra plays an important role in this procedure.

（2＋1）-Dimensional Combined Structures of Various Solitons with CompletelyNonelastic Interaction Properties

Starting from the variable separation solution obtained by using the extended homogenous balance method,a new class of combined structures, such as multi-peakon and multi-dromion solution, multi-compacton and multidromion solution, multi-peakon and multi-compacton solution, for the (2+1)-dimensional Nizhnik-Novikov-Veselov equation are found by selecting appropriate functions. These new structures exhibit novel interaction features. Their interaction behavior is very similar to the completely nonelastic collisions between two classical particles.

Structure Determination of By-product in Grignard Reaction for Preparing Mifepristone Derivatives

Aim To determine the structure of the by-product produced in Grignard reaction for preparing mifepristone derivatives, and elucidate the reaction mechanism.Methods The structure of the by-product was determined with elemental analysis, one- and two-dimension spectra NMR (DEPT, 1H-1Hcosy, HMQC, HMBC) and compared with those of mifepristone.Results The main by-product was 11,17-di-addition product of Grignard reagent of N, N-dimethylamino phenyl bromide.Conclusion This is the first complete assignment of 1H NMR and 13C NMR of compound (3).

Study on Anti-oxidation and Inhibitory Effect on Nonenzymatic Glycation Reaction of Fermentation Extract from Biotransformation of Ginkgo biloba L. (EGB) by Hericium erinaceus

[ Objective] In order to study the anti-oxidation and inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation reaction of EGB fermentation extraction biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus. [ Method ] The free radical scavenging ability and reducing capacity of DPPH as well as inhibitory rate of nonenzymatic glycation reaction were measured targets for comparing changes of anti-oxidation and inhibitory effect on nonenzymatic glycation reaction of fermentation lyophilizer and fermentation extraction before and after EGB fermention adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. The EGB fermention was biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus. [ Result ] After adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin, the bioactive matters were concentrated and separated. The free radical scavenging rate, reducing capacity and inhibitory rate of nonenzymatic glycation reaction were increased significantly after adsorbed by AB-8 macroporous resin. [ Conclusion] AB-8 macroporous resin could be used for preliminary concentration of EGB fermentation which was biotransformed by Hericium erinaceus.

First evidence of prey capture and meat eating by wild Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus bieti in Yunnan,China

Most extant nonhuman primates occasionally prey on fast-moving, warm-blooded animals; however, Indriidae, Lepilemuridae, and Colobinae either scavenged for meat or did not eat meat at all. Here we report six cases of animal consumption by the snub-nosed monkey Rhinopithecus bieti in a wild, habituated group between 2004 and 2009 in Yunnan, China. At present, only males in an all-male unit within the study group were involved in active hunting. Such a male-biased activity may be related to the group structure and spatial spread of R. bieti. Two females were observed eating freshly killed birds. The findings confirmed that R. bieti engaged in scavenging and, when hunting, employed a cranio-cervical bite to kill their prey. Meat eating is likely a nutrient maximization feeding strategy in R. bieti, especially in males. A begging behavior occurred after successful prey capture. Although begging was observed, no sharing of the meat was seen. The present findings illuminate the dietary diversity of R. bieti and their ability to expand their dietary spectrum.

Nonclasssical Properties in Two-Mode Fields Resonantly Interacting with a Three-Level -Type Atom

Some noclassical properties in electromagnetic field are investigated for the interaction of two-modes initially taken in coherent-state representation with the three-level -type atom, such as squeezing properties and violation of the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality. The enhancement of field squeezing is found by selective atomic measurement. The Cauchy-Schwartz inequality is violated by the application of the classical field followed by detection in excited state.