大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加对面团特性和面包感官品质的影响研究

【目的】肽是一类由2个及以上氨基酸通过肽键连接的具有生物活性的蛋白质片段。肽不仅对机体的生长发育和新陈代谢等生命活动有积极作用,还能提升食源性蛋白质的附加值以及促进新型功能食品的开发。因此,为了拓宽肽的应用范围,探究肽对面包品质的改善效果,研究了不同添加量的大豆肽和鱼皮肽对面团特性以及面包感官品质的影响。【方法】以高筋小麦面粉为基础原料,分别将大豆肽和鱼皮肽按不同比例(0.5%、1%、1.5%)添加到小麦面粉中制作面团和面包,以未添加肽的面团和面包为对照组,通过对面团的粉质特性指标(吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度及质量指数)、发酵失水率、烘焙失水率、以及面包硬度、弹性和比容的测定,研究2种肽的添加对面团和面包品质的影响。【结果】与对照组相比,添加了肽的面团的吸水率和粉质质量指数均显著降低(P<0.05)。随着肽的比例的增加,大豆肽面团形成时间从11.9 min缩短至8.8 min,其稳定时间从26.8 min缩短至9.2 min;而鱼皮肽面团的形成时间从24.7 min缩短至19 min,其稳定时间从30.9 min缩短至28.9 min。大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加量为0.5%、1%时,面团的弱化度均显著小于对照组(P<0.05);当鱼皮肽添加量达到1.5%时,面团的弱化度显著高于空白组,而1.5%添加量的大豆肽面团的弱化度与空白组无显著差异。此外,大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加对面团发酵和焙烤过程的水分损失具有不同的影响。大豆肽的添加显著降低了面团发酵失水率,大豆肽添加量为0.5%和1%时面团的烘焙失水率无显著差异,但1.5%添加量的大豆肽显著增大了面团焙烤失水率(P<0.05);鱼皮肽的添加则显著增加了面团发酵失水率,显著降低了面团烘焙失水率(P<0.05)。两种肽的添加均能使面包比容和弹性显著增大,面包硬度显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】大豆肽和鱼皮肽的添加量为0.5%~1.5%时对面团中面筋网络结构有一定的稀释作用,但能通过提高酵母的生长繁殖和产气能力,从而改善面包的比容、硬度和弹性。将肽的添加量控制在1.5%以内,既可以提高面包营养价值,也能一定程度地改善面包的品质。

不同番茄膳食纤维添加量对面包品质影响初探

在面包中加入一定量的番茄膳食纤维,不仅提高了面包品质,而且增加了面包的营养价值。通过对加入不同量番茄膳食纤维面包的比容、颜色、口味、蜂窝组织等方面进行分析研究,结果表明,0.25%的番茄膳食纤维添加量的面包效果最好,表皮颜色呈金黄色,内部颜色浅红棕色,口感柔软、膨松,比容大,蜂窝壁薄、孔小、均匀。

Effects of Using Different Percentages of Fenugreek Flour to Improve the Sensory, Rheological Properties and Keeping Quality in Maize Dough to Produces Gluten-free Breads

Adding different percentages 1%, 3% and 5% of fenugreek flour depending on maize flour base to gluten free bread recipe for making tanoor bread was used to improve the tanoor bread quality, in term of sensory properties like volume, crust, color, symmetry, bake uniformity, texture, grain, aroma and taste. Also some rheological properties like gelatinization temperature and maximum viscosity of dough with bread keeping quality were used. The aim of this work is to produce suitable bread with maintaining the bread quality by selecting the suitable percentage to produce gluten free bread for people who suffering from celiac diseases and its contribution to health benefits. Significant differences were observed by using 5% of fenugreek flour in term of gelatinization temperature, maximum viscosity, breed keeping quality and volume. While using 1% of fenugreek flour significantly improved symmetry value, bread texture, crumb color, aroma and taste.