AIM:To evaluate the clinical relevance of each cofactor on clinical presentation of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Out of 1366 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hos...AIM:To evaluate the clinical relevance of each cofactor on clinical presentation of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Out of 1366 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals,53(4.3%) showed as the only cofactor hepatitis D virus(HDV) infection [hepatitis B virus(HBV)/HDV group],130(9.5%) hepatitis C virus(HCV)(group HBV/HCV),6(0.4%) human immunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)(group HBV/HIV),138(10.2%) alcohol abuse(group HBV/alcohol);109(8.0%) subjects had at least two cofactors and 924 were in the cofactor-free(CF) group.RESULTS:Compared with patients in group CF those in group HBV/alcohol were older and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001),those in group HBV/HDV were younger(P < 0.001),more frequently resided in the south of the country and had cirrhosis(P <0.001),those in group HBV/HCV were older(P < 0.001) and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001).These cofactors were all independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in HBsAg positive patients.Multivariate analysis showed that an older age [odds ratio(OR) 1.06,95% CI:1.05-1.08],alcohol abuse with more than 8 drinks daily(OR 2.89,95% CI:1.81-4.62) and anti-HDV positivity(OR 3.48,95% CI:2.16-5.58) are all independently associated with liver cirrhosis.This association was found also for anti-HCV positivity in univariate analysis,but it was no longer associated(OR 1.23,95% CI:0.84-1.80) at multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:Older age,HDV infection and alcohol abuse are the major determinants of severe liver disease in chronic HBV infection,while HCV replication plays a lesser role in the severity of hepatic damage.展开更多
Using 20 years （1993-2012） of merged data recorded by contemporary multi-altimeter missions, a variety of sea-level variability modes are recovered in the South China Sea employing three- dimensional harmonic extrac...Using 20 years （1993-2012） of merged data recorded by contemporary multi-altimeter missions, a variety of sea-level variability modes are recovered in the South China Sea employing three- dimensional harmonic extraction. In terms of the long-term variation, the South China Sea is estimated to have a rising sea-level linear trend of 5.39 mm/a over these 20 years. Among the modes extracted, the seven most statistically significant periodic or quasi-periodic modes are identified as principal modes. The geographical distributions of the magnitudes and phases of the modes are displayed. In terms of intra- annual and annual regimes, two principal modes with strict semiannual and annual periods are found, with the annual variability having the largest amplitudes among the seven modes. For interannual and decadal regimes, five principal modes at approximately 18, 21, 23, 28, and 112 months are found with the most mode- active region being to the east of Vietnam. For the phase distributions, a series of amphidromes are observed as twins, termed ＂amphidrome twins＂, comprising rotating dipole systems. The stability of periodic modes is investigated employing joint spatiotemporal analysis of latitude/longitude sections. Results show that all periodic modes are robust, revealing the richness and complexity of sea-level modes in the South China Sea.展开更多
As a newly proposed two terminals mechanical element, inerter has been successfully applied in vehicle suspension system to improve its vertical vibration isolation performance. The novelty of this paper is to explore...As a newly proposed two terminals mechanical element, inerter has been successfully applied in vehicle suspension system to improve its vertical vibration isolation performance. The novelty of this paper is to explore the advantages of lateral stability of vehicle suspension by the use of inerter element. A full car model considering the steering condition is built, and the standard fishhook steering input is chosen to test the lateral stability of the suspension system. By considering the ride comfort performance and the rollover resistance performance, three basic suspension layouts incorporating inerter element are optimized by means of genetic algorithm. Constraints of the suspension working space and road holding ability are also taken into account during the optimization. Two steering input condition, namely the sine-steer input and the fishhook steer input are performed to evaluate the vehicle suspension performance. Results show that, the ride comfort and the lateral stability of the vehicle suspension system can be synchronously improved by including the inerter element.展开更多
Let M be a compact orientable irreducible 3-manifold, and F be an essential connected closed surface in M which cuts M into two manifolds M1 and M2. If Mi has a minimal Heegaard splitting Mi = Vi∪Hi Wi with d（H1） ...Let M be a compact orientable irreducible 3-manifold, and F be an essential connected closed surface in M which cuts M into two manifolds M1 and M2. If Mi has a minimal Heegaard splitting Mi = Vi∪Hi Wi with d（H1） ＋ d（H2） ≥ 2（g（M0 ＋ g（M2） - g（F）） ＋ 1, then g（M） = g（M1） ＋ g（M2） - g（F）.展开更多
Let V ∪SW be a Heegaard splitting of M,such that αM = α-W = F1 ∪ F2 and g(S) = 2g(F1)= 2g(F2). Let V * ∪S*W * be the self-amalgamation of V ∪SW. We show if d(S) 3 then S* is not a topologically minimal surface.
The dispersion relation for general dust low frequency electrostatic surface waves propagating on an interface between a magnetized dusty plasma region and a vacuum is derived by using specular reflection boundary con...The dispersion relation for general dust low frequency electrostatic surface waves propagating on an interface between a magnetized dusty plasma region and a vacuum is derived by using specular reflection boundary conditions both in classical and quantum regimes. The frequency limit ω ≤ωei ≤ ωce is considered and the dispersion relation for the Dust-Lower-Hybrid Surface Waves （DLHSW＇s） is derived for both classical and quantum plasma half-space and analyzed numerically. It is shown that the wave behavior changes as the quantum nature of the problem is considered.展开更多
基金Supported by A grant from the Progetto di Ricerca di Interesse Nazionale 2000in part with a grant from the Viral Hepatitis ProjectIstituto Superiore di Sanità,D.leg.vo 30/12/1992 n.502
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical relevance of each cofactor on clinical presentation of chronic hepatitis B.METHODS:Out of 1366 hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive subjects consecutively observed in 79 Italian hospitals,53(4.3%) showed as the only cofactor hepatitis D virus(HDV) infection [hepatitis B virus(HBV)/HDV group],130(9.5%) hepatitis C virus(HCV)(group HBV/HCV),6(0.4%) human immunodeficiencyvirus(HIV)(group HBV/HIV),138(10.2%) alcohol abuse(group HBV/alcohol);109(8.0%) subjects had at least two cofactors and 924 were in the cofactor-free(CF) group.RESULTS:Compared with patients in group CF those in group HBV/alcohol were older and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001),those in group HBV/HDV were younger(P < 0.001),more frequently resided in the south of the country and had cirrhosis(P <0.001),those in group HBV/HCV were older(P < 0.001) and more frequently had cirrhosis(P < 0.001).These cofactors were all independent predictors of liver cirrhosis in HBsAg positive patients.Multivariate analysis showed that an older age [odds ratio(OR) 1.06,95% CI:1.05-1.08],alcohol abuse with more than 8 drinks daily(OR 2.89,95% CI:1.81-4.62) and anti-HDV positivity(OR 3.48,95% CI:2.16-5.58) are all independently associated with liver cirrhosis.This association was found also for anti-HCV positivity in univariate analysis,but it was no longer associated(OR 1.23,95% CI:0.84-1.80) at multivariate analysis.CONCLUSION:Older age,HDV infection and alcohol abuse are the major determinants of severe liver disease in chronic HBV infection,while HCV replication plays a lesser role in the severity of hepatic damage.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41331172,U1406404)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA09A505)
文摘Using 20 years （1993-2012） of merged data recorded by contemporary multi-altimeter missions, a variety of sea-level variability modes are recovered in the South China Sea employing three- dimensional harmonic extraction. In terms of the long-term variation, the South China Sea is estimated to have a rising sea-level linear trend of 5.39 mm/a over these 20 years. Among the modes extracted, the seven most statistically significant periodic or quasi-periodic modes are identified as principal modes. The geographical distributions of the magnitudes and phases of the modes are displayed. In terms of intra- annual and annual regimes, two principal modes with strict semiannual and annual periods are found, with the annual variability having the largest amplitudes among the seven modes. For interannual and decadal regimes, five principal modes at approximately 18, 21, 23, 28, and 112 months are found with the most mode- active region being to the east of Vietnam. For the phase distributions, a series of amphidromes are observed as twins, termed ＂amphidrome twins＂, comprising rotating dipole systems. The stability of periodic modes is investigated employing joint spatiotemporal analysis of latitude/longitude sections. Results show that all periodic modes are robust, revealing the richness and complexity of sea-level modes in the South China Sea.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51705209)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20160533)+1 种基金Scientific Research Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYLX15_1081)Yujie Shen is also supported by the China Scholarship Council
文摘As a newly proposed two terminals mechanical element, inerter has been successfully applied in vehicle suspension system to improve its vertical vibration isolation performance. The novelty of this paper is to explore the advantages of lateral stability of vehicle suspension by the use of inerter element. A full car model considering the steering condition is built, and the standard fishhook steering input is chosen to test the lateral stability of the suspension system. By considering the ride comfort performance and the rollover resistance performance, three basic suspension layouts incorporating inerter element are optimized by means of genetic algorithm. Constraints of the suspension working space and road holding ability are also taken into account during the optimization. Two steering input condition, namely the sine-steer input and the fishhook steer input are performed to evaluate the vehicle suspension performance. Results show that, the ride comfort and the lateral stability of the vehicle suspension system can be synchronously improved by including the inerter element.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10625102)
文摘Let M be a compact orientable irreducible 3-manifold, and F be an essential connected closed surface in M which cuts M into two manifolds M1 and M2. If Mi has a minimal Heegaard splitting Mi = Vi∪Hi Wi with d（H1） ＋ d（H2） ≥ 2（g（M0 ＋ g（M2） - g（F）） ＋ 1, then g（M） = g（M1） ＋ g（M2） - g（F）.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11329101 and 11101058)
文摘Let V ∪SW be a Heegaard splitting of M,such that αM = α-W = F1 ∪ F2 and g(S) = 2g(F1)= 2g(F2). Let V * ∪S*W * be the self-amalgamation of V ∪SW. We show if d(S) 3 then S* is not a topologically minimal surface.
基金financial support during the course of this work through indigenous fellowship scheme PIN 041601217P-147the Higher Education Commission (HEC) Grant No. 20-1886/R&D/10
文摘The dispersion relation for general dust low frequency electrostatic surface waves propagating on an interface between a magnetized dusty plasma region and a vacuum is derived by using specular reflection boundary conditions both in classical and quantum regimes. The frequency limit ω ≤ωei ≤ ωce is considered and the dispersion relation for the Dust-Lower-Hybrid Surface Waves （DLHSW＇s） is derived for both classical and quantum plasma half-space and analyzed numerically. It is shown that the wave behavior changes as the quantum nature of the problem is considered.
