基于多尺度特征的储罐腐蚀缺陷面积量化

为有效的对超声干耦合检测的储罐腐蚀缺陷进行面积量化,提出一种智能量化储罐腐蚀缺陷面积方法,通过提取检测信号的特征构建数据集,利用数据集训练和测试机器学习模型实现缺陷面积量化。针对超声干耦合检测方式得到的超声A扫信号具有波形交叉混叠使得传统特征提取难以获取有效信息的难点,提出一种多尺度特征提取方法取代传统普通特征提取方法;针对传统无损检测模型难以准确量化缺陷面积的难点,提出引入XGBoost模型。通过实验验证得出,多尺度特征比普通特征的性能更好;XGBoost模型能够更好的量化缺陷;基于多尺度特征的XGBoost模型能够准确量化缺陷面积,其在训练集上准确率达99.4%,在测试集上为88.1%。

基于XGBoost特征重要度的储罐缺陷ANN面积量化模型

针对超声波检测的储罐缺陷的面积量化问题,提出一种改进的储罐腐蚀缺陷面积量化模型。该模型利用XGBoost的特征重要度对人工神经网络(ANN)的参数进行先验初始化实现ANN模型的改进。该模型可以更快的收敛,并且提高准确率。按照国家标准设计实验平台,获取实验信号,并提取信号的统计特征得到特征数据集,利用数据集训练和测试改进的模型,并与传统模型进行对比。通过实验验证得出,改进的ANN模型能够更快的收敛,并且准确量化缺陷面积,相比于ANN量化模型,在训练集上准确率提高了17.9%,达到了98.3%,在测试集上提高了16.6%,达到了92.2%。

三维重建面积量化评估发育性髋关节脱位保守治疗后残余畸形

目的：我们对4岁以下经保守治疗后的发育性髋关节脱位（developmental dislocation of the hip，DDH）患儿行骨盆CT扫描及三维重建并进行研究，面积量化评估髋臼与股骨头的覆盖量及对称情况，为临床治疗提供更科学，更精确的影像信息。方法：收集2002-12～2005-01我院小儿骨科收治的4周岁以下经保守治疗后单侧DDH患儿病例，经普通X光片检查后，筛选出遗留有残余畸形病例31例，应用髋关节CT扫描及三维重建影像资料，进行分析测量。结果：表明患侧股骨头覆盖不足的部位主要为其外侧部。髋臼股骨头对称性较差。结论：CT扫描分析及其三维重建能较精确地评估出4岁以下DDH经保守治疗后残余畸形病例股骨头覆盖不足的部位及缺损量的多少。

发育性髋关节脱位保守治疗后残余畸形的量化评估

目的：对4岁以下经保守治疗后的发育性髋关节脱位（developmental dislocation of the hip，DDH）患儿行骨盆CT扫描及三维重建并进行研究，面积量化评估髋臼与股骨头的覆盖量及对称情况，为临床治疗提供更科学、更精确的影像信息。方法：收集2002年12月～2005年12月我院收治的4周岁以下经保守治疗后单侧DDH患儿病例，经普通X光片检查后，筛选出遗留有残余畸形病例31例，应用髋关节CT扫描及三维重建影像资料进行分析测量。结果：患侧股骨头覆盖不足的部位主要为其外侧部。髋臼股骨头对称性较差。结论：CT扫描分析及其三维重建能较精确地评估出4岁以下DDH经保守治疗后残余畸形病例股骨头覆盖不足的部位及缺损量的多少。

古今园林差异性比较

在综述古今园林宏观差异的基础上,采用量化分析方法,选取具有典型性的古今园林各5家,对其空间构成的五类物质要素(建筑、植物、山石、水体、园路广场)进行面积量化分析,得出:古典园林(私家园林)中建筑要素的占地面积明显高于现代园林(约高出18.0%),而植物要素的占地面积则明显低于现代园林(约低出34.0%),园路广场、山石、水体占地面积指标都有不同程度的减少。最后对这种微观差异进行分析。

3D Printing with a 5-Axis FDM Printer Using Bézier Techniques

In the last decade,3D printing,especially fused deposition modeling(FDM),has revolutionized manufacturing with intricate designs.Traditional 3-axis FDM printers face challenges with complex geometries,but 5-axis versions offer more design freedom.However,it requires specialized strategies.This research presents a model for 5-axis FDM printers using Bézier curves with an algorithm to enhance print quality.The result shows significant accuracy improvements,especially for curve-based tasks.In addition,this study deepens the understanding of 5-axis FDM technology,setting a solid basis for further research and potentially refining manufacturing methods.

指纹鉴定标准研究述评

指纹鉴定标准是指纹鉴定理论的核心内容之一。自从指纹鉴定应用于侦查破案以来,理论和实务界对指纹鉴定标准进行了长期研究探索,形成了单纯数量标准、质量—数量标准、面积—质量量化标准、拓扑学方法和标准、形态学方法和标准等。这些标准和方法虽有一定合理性,但也存在明显的不足。指纹鉴定理论要从经验走向科学,必须加强基础理论研究,建立一套完善的指纹鉴定方法和标准体系。

The Suitability of Using Leaf Area Index to Quantify Soil Loss under Vegetation Cover

Soil erosion by water under forest cover is a serious problem in southern China.A comparative study was carried out on the use of leaf area index(LAI) and vegetation fractional coverage(VFC) in quantifying soil loss under vegetation cover.Five types of vegetation with varied LAI and VFC under field conditions were exposed to two rainfall rates(40 mm h-1 and 54 mm h-1) using a portable rainfall simulator.Runoff rate,sediment concentration and soil loss rate were measured at relatively runoff stable state.Significant negative exponential relationship(p < 0.05,R2 = 0.83) and linear relationship(p < 0.05,R2 = 0.84) were obtained between LAI and sediment concentration,while no significant relationship existed between VFC and sediment concentration.The mechanism by which vegetation canopy prevents soil loss was by reducing rainfall kinetic energy and sediment concentration.LAI could better quantify such a role than VFC.However,neither LAI nor VFC could explain runoff rate or soil loss rate.Caution must be taken when using LAI to quantify the role of certain vegetation in soil and water conservation.

Designing Bézier surfaces minimizing the L^2-norm of the Gaussian curvature

In freeform surface modelling, developable surfaces have much application value. But, in 3D space, there is not always a regular developable surface which interpolates the given boundary of an arbitrary piecewise smooth closed curve. In this paper, tensor product Bézier surfaces interpolating the closed curves are determined and the resulting surface is a minimum of the functional defined by the L2-integral norm of the Gaussian curvature. The Gaussian curvature of the surfaces is minimized by the method of solving nonlinear optimization problems. An improved approach trust-region form method is proposed. A simple application example is also given.

Highway Green Open Area Planning Based on Annual Average Daily Vehicle Traffic

The development of a territory always followed by population growth and increasing the life necessities of the society. This condition makes increasing transportation activity that causes environmental pollution. Pollutants that are released by vehicle such as CO （carbon monoxide）, SO2 （sulfur oxides）, NO, （nitrogen oxides） are very harmful for public health. Indonesia is a country which has the high level of air pollution from transportation. One way to deal with the air pollution is to build green area （Ruang Terbuka Hijau） around the highway. Planning of open green area must be done comprehensively. There is an appropriate way to plan green area on the road by counting the number of AADV （annual average daily vehicles） （Lalu lintas harian rata rata） and estimated the amount of pollutantt that produced by vehicles. Calculation against the ability of plants in reducing pollutants and reached a unique relation between quantities of AADV by the number of plants that are necessary for reducing pollutants resulted by the traffic. The selection of plantation based on the shape of the tree canopy that provides the capacity of a pollutants reduction. After calculations the surface area of the tree leaves, the design of green area for highway can be reached so created an environmentally friendly and safe highway.

农民面对市场欲说好困惑

在社会主义市场经济的形成中,农业要冲出传统计划经济的羁绊,阔步走向市场,这是政策所使然,人心所望,大势所趋。然而,面对市场,农民欲说好困惑: 困惑之一:“婆婆家教”严,我该怎么办? 本来,在市场经济条件下,要求农业以销定产。即,农民可以根据市场的需求,在完成粮棉油等国家指令性任务后,在法律许可的范围内,市场需要什么,就生产什么;什么增值高、能赚钱就种植什么。但是,由于受长期的计划经济束缚,农民仍跳不出原有的政府管理农业体制的圈子。迫于行政干预,农民不得不勉强接受来自决策者的层层摊派。在豫西南的某农业大县,政府部门为了完成财政收入。

Heterogeneity in supraglacial debris thickness and its role in glacier mass changes of the Mount Gongga

In the Tibetan Plateau, many glaciers have extensive covers of supraglacial debris in their ablation zones, which affects glacier response to climate change by altering ice melting and spatial patterns of mass loss. Insufficient debris thickness data make it difficult to analyze regional debris-cover effects. Maritime glaciers of the Mount Gongga have been characterized by a substantial reduction in glacier area and ice mass in recent decades. The thermal property of the debris layer estimated from remotely sensed data reveals that debris-covered glaciers are dominant in this region, on which the proportion of debris cover to total glacier area varies from 1.74% to 53.0%. Using a physically-based debris-cover effect assessment model, we found that although the presence of supraglacial debris has a significant insulating effect on heavily debris-covered glaciers, il accelerates ice melting on -10.2% of total ablation zone and produces rapid wastage of -25% of the debris-covered glaciers, leading to the similar mass losses between the debris-covered and debris-free glaciers. Widespread debris cover also facilitates the development of active terminus regions. Regional differences in debris-cover effects are apparent, highlighting the im- portance of debris cover for understanding glacier mass changes in the Tibetan Plateau and other mountain ranges around the world.

Surface-area-tuned, quantum-dot-sensitized heterostructured nanoarchitectures for highly efficient photoelectrodes

Harvesting solar energy to produce clean hydrogen from photoelectrolysis of water presents a valuable opportunity to find alternatives for fossil fuels. Three- dimensional nanoarchitecturing techniques can afford enhanced photoelectrochemical properties by improving geometrical and structural effects. Here, we report quantum-dot sensitized TiO2-Sb：SnO2 heterostructures as a model electrode to enable the optimization of the structural effects through the creation of a highly conductive pathway using a transparent conducting oxide （TCO）, coupled with a high surface area, by introducing branching and low interfacial resistance via an epitaxial relationship. An examination of various morphologies （dot, rod, and lamella shape） of TiO2 reveals that the rod-shaped TiO2-Sb：SnO2 is a more effective structure than the others. A photoelectrode fabricated using optimized CdS--TiO2-Sb：SnO2 produces a photocurrent density of 7.75 mA/cm2 at 0.4 V versus a reversible hydrogen electrode. These results demonstrate that constructing a branched heterostructure based on TCO can realize highperformance photoelectrochemical devices.

Spectroscopy of the rotating BTZ black hole via adiabatic invariance

According to Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule,an equally spaced horizon area spectrum of a static,spherically symmetric black hole was obtained under an adiabatic invariant action.This method can be extended to the rotating black holes.As an example,this method is applied to the rotating BTZ black hole and the quantized spectrum of the horizon area is obtained.It is shown that the area spectrum of the rotating BTZ black hole is also equally spaced and irrelevant to the rotating parameter,which is consistent with the Bekenstein conjecture.Specifically,the derivation does not need the quasinormal frequencies and the small angular momentum limit.

Entropy Quantization from a Neutral Black String

Taking into account the Bekenstein-Hawking area law,based on the analysis of Zeng and Liu et al.that area spectrum is determined by the periodicity of an outgoing wave,we discuss on the quantization of entropy from a neutral black string.In addition,applying the adiabatic invariant quantity method proposed by Majhi and Vagenas,we further verify the entropy quantum of the neutral black string.As a result,two different methods show that the quantum of entropy is △S = 2π,which is in agreement with Bekenstein's proposal.

Effects of leaf age,elevation and light conditions on photosynthesis and leaf traits in saplings of two evergreen conifers,Abies veitchii and A.mariesii

Aims Subalpine coniferous species are distributed over a wide range of elevations in which they must contend with stressful conditions,such as high elevations and extended periods of darkness.Two evergreen coniferous species,Abies veitchii and Abies mariesii,dominate at low and high elevations,respectively,in the subalpine zone,central Japan.The aim of this study is to examine the effects of leaf age,elevation and light conditions on photosynthetic rates through changes in morphological and physiological leaf traits in the two species.Methods We here examined effects of leaf age,elevation and light conditions on photosynthesis,and leaf traits in A.veitchii and A.mariesii.Saplings of the two conifers were sampled in the understory and canopy gaps at their lower(1600 m)and upper(2300 m)distribution limits.Important Findings The two species showed similar responses to leaf age and different responses to elevation and light conditions in photosynthesis and leaf traits.The maximum photosynthetic rate of A.veitchii is correlated negatively with leaf mass per area(LMA)and non-structural carbohydrate(NSC)concentration.LMA increased at high elevations in the two species,whereas NSC concentrations increased only in A.veitchii.Therefore,the maximum photosynthetic rate of A.veitchii decreased at high elevations.Furthermore,maximum photosynthetic rates correlate positively with nitrogen concentration in both species.In the understory,leaf nitrogen concentrations decreased and increased in A.veitchii and A.mariesii,respectively.LMA decreased and the chlorophyll-to-nitrogen ratio increased in understory conditions only for A.mariesii,suggesting it has a higher light-capture efficiency in dark conditions than does A.veitchii.This study concluded that A.mariesii has more shade-tolerant photosynthetic and leaf traits and its photosynthetic rate is less affected by elevation compared with A.veitchii,allowing A.mariesii to survive in the understory and to dominate at high elevations.