面菜的记忆

开本期专题选题会的时候，来自不同省份的编辑们，纷纷谈起家乡特产或见识过的面食、米食，或描摹味道或介绍做法，惹得众人通感一般，不约而同地饥肠辘辘。

菜肴当中的菜面结合的菜肴创新

本文分析了历史上菜面结合菜肴的发展现状,论述了菜面结合菜肴在当前中国烹饪当中的创新和改革。从民间挖掘,自主创新和改革原有的菜面结合菜肴等方面提出菜面结合菜肴要如何发展。

甜菜糖厂窖面卸菜系统链条机的改造与应用

通过对窖面卸菜系统链条机的改造与应用,解决了过去主动齿轮、链条磨损速度快,更换频繁,链条运行中检查维护、维修困难,运行检修成本高的难题。通过改造有效提高了设备运转率,链条、主动齿轮更换周期延长至原来的3倍,设备有效作业时间由原来的70%提高到100%。

Geometric Modeling of Rape (Brassica napus L.) during Seedling Stage

[Objective] The paper was to study the geometric modeling of rape（Brassica napus L.） during seedling stage.[Method] Based on the analysis and observation of morphological structure and growth process of rape during seedling stage,a characteristic parameters-based three-dimensional mathematical model of rape and its visible method was proposed.The individual control parameters were extracted according to the morphological structures of various organs of rape.Different sizes of leaf and petiole model were constructed by using cubic Bézier surface.The cylinder with different upper and lower bottom area was adopted as the main stem model.Finally,three-dimensional reconstruction of whole Rape plant during seedling stage was achieved through the operations of rotation,scaling and splicing.[Result] This method had certain controllability,which was also easy and convenient,and could quickly use to build the geometric model of rape during seedling stage.[Conclusion] The results provided reference for study on structural model of rape.

Effects of Amino Acid Foliar Fertilizer on the Yield and Quality of Different Vegetables

In order to explore the effects of amino acid foliar fertilizer on the yield and quality of different vegetables, we tested the spraying of an amino acid foliar fertilizer(Wanfeng 2) onto the leaves of cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach through contrast experiment in a greenhouse. The results showed that the yield increments of amino acid foliar fertilizer treatments in cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach were 11.57%, 4.43% and 12.41% respectively, and the output-input ratios were 64.52 ∶ 1, 53.31 ∶ 1 and 55.14 ∶ 1 respectively. Amino acid foliar fertilizer can influence the quality of greenhouse vegetables. The total sugar content of the cucumbers, eggplants, and water spinach significantly increased by 12.00%, 22.30%and 12.10% respectively. The vitamin C content increased by 4.76%, 24.80%, and10.90% respectively compared with the control. In conclusion, the spraying of amino acid foliar fertilizer could improve the yield and the nutritive quality of vegetables such as cucumbers, eggplants and water spinach.

Bioassay-Guided Extraction of Crude Fucose-Containing Sulphated Polysaccharides from Sargassum fusiforme with Response Surface Methodology

The response surface methodology(RSM) combined with bioassays was employed to optimize the extraction process of crude fucose-containing sulphated polysaccharides(c FCSP) from Sargassum fusiforme. The central composite design(CCD) was used with four variables, five levels, and four responses. The four variables were p H value of hydrochloric acid solution, extraction temperature(℃), ratio of liquid to raw material(m L g^(-1)), and extraction time(h), respectively. Chemical and bioassay indices were used in combination as the response parameters, which included the yield of c FCSP, fucose content, proliferation rate of spleen cells, and lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation of splenocytes. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, and examined using the appropriate statistical methods. The best extraction conditions were as follows: the p H value of hydrochloric acid solution was 3.50; the extraction temperature was 100℃; the ratio of liquid to raw material was 15.00 m L g^(-1) and the extraction time was 2.50 h. The experimental yield was close to the predicted from the model. The extract could promote spleen lymphocyte proliferation, especially the lipopolysaccharide-induced lymphocyte proliferation in vitro, which suggested that its immunomodulatory effect on B lymphocytes. Therefore, c FCSP extracted from S. fusiforme could be utilized as an immunostimulant in functional foods and pharmaceutical industry in future.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Epibacterial Communities on the Surfaces of Four Red Macroalgae

Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltisfurcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16S rRNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by ct-Proteobacteria, 7-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and e-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the ct-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoa#eromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and GI. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.

Potato-Cabbage Double Cropping Effect on Nitrate Leaching and Resource-Use Efficiencies in an Irrigated Area

To reduce the nitrate leaching risk after potato （Solanum tuberosum L.） harvest and improve nitrogen fertilizer-use efficiency, a potato-cabbage double cropping system （DCS） was established at Hetao, North China, an arid area with irrigated land. A two-year field experiment demonstrated that planting early-maturing potato cultivar under plastic mulch shortened its growth period by 14 d and allowed a second crop of cabbage to scavenge the soil residual NO^--N to a depth of 160 cm, substantially reducing the risk of nitrate leaching into groundwater. The yearly total N uptake in DCS was about 110 kg ha-1 more than that in the conventional cropping system （CCS）, i.e., mono potato planting. This accounted for apparent nitrogen recovery （ANR） improvement of 16.90%-26.57% in the DCS as compared to that in the CCS for both years. As a result, the soil residual NO3-N in the 0-160 cm soil profile in the DCS was lower than that in the CCS. The solar energy-use efficiency and soil-use efficiency were also substantially increased with DCS.