In accordance to National Commodity Policy （2011-2020）, Malaysian government targets at expending the pepper cultivated area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. Based on a planting density of 2,000...In accordance to National Commodity Policy （2011-2020）, Malaysian government targets at expending the pepper cultivated area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. Based on a planting density of 2,000 vines/ha, there will be an urgent need of 7.588 million cuttings for the next five years in order to achieve this target. However, shortages of planting materials, low productivity and occurrence of pests and diseases remain as the major challenge of pepper industry nowadays. Therefore, a novel farming innovation, namely W-configuration cultivation method has been developed to ensure high production of planting materials for large-scale pepper cultivation and at the same time to maximize land use in pepper farm. A field evaluation was conducted to compare the cutting production among W-configuration, V-configuration and traditional cultivation method. W-configuration recorded the highest mean number of pepper cuttings produced with 11.97 cuttings per vine in every pruning cycle, or equivalent to 71% of increment as compared to 7.00 cuttings per vine produced from the traditional planting method. Meanwhile, V-configuration produced 8.91 of mean cuttings, which are significantly lower than those produced by W-configuration method and yet comparable to traditional method. Based on return on investment （ROI） analysis, implementation of W-configuration cultivation method was able to achieve 35% of return per cycle of planting within two years for the first cycle and upsurged to approximately 355% for the subsequence cycle. Furthermore, this novel innovation also out-yielded traditional planting method by 75.27% for the first and second year of green berry production. The ROI analysis proved the feasibility of this newly developed cultivation method to create potential new income for pepper smallholders in Malaysia, who traditionally cultivate pepper for its peppercorn production. This study also enlightened the thorough planting procedures of W-configuration cultivation method mainly for pepper cutting production.展开更多
The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of a radical left group in France that created a scission inside the Fourth International after World War II. The group founded a review Socialisme ou Barbarie that c...The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of a radical left group in France that created a scission inside the Fourth International after World War II. The group founded a review Socialisme ou Barbarie that criticized Marxism and the Trotskyist interpretation of the status of the USSR. The rigorous description of this review reveals the mixture of strong theoretical views on bureaucratic societies and empirical investigations of reactions against those societies. The hypothesis is that this group failed to be a new political force. As a matter of fact, is it possible to depict the evolution of Socialisme ou Barbarie as an investigative journalism based on a strong political and philosophical theory？展开更多
In the late Ming Dynasty, the society was turbulent, and it was also the important turning stage in the history of the development of China＇s literature. Xu Wei was a painter with a spirit of the reform and innovatio...In the late Ming Dynasty, the society was turbulent, and it was also the important turning stage in the history of the development of China＇s literature. Xu Wei was a painter with a spirit of the reform and innovation in the late Ming Dynasty, and his painting style pioneered the precedent of the Chinese freehand bmshwork. In his creation of the paintings and the painting theories, he gave the innovative development to the theories of the traditional Chinese paintings and the freehand brushwork in this period in our country, and also promoted the further formation of the freehand flower and bird painting styles. Xu Wei＇s t^eehand flowers and birds combined the strengths of each school, and in the painting style, he was bold and unconstrained, and the pen and ink was coherent, and the form and the spirit were assistant and bleeding. The pen and ink all embodied the wonderful skill of the Chinese traditional paintings, and boldly integrated the wild cursive of the calligraphy in the paintings. This approach was the innovation of the techniques of the Chinese traditional paintings and the promotion of the thinking. The author of this article will begin the research on the relevant contents of the artistic achievements and the influences of the freehand flower and bird paintings by Xu Wei.展开更多
Social governance innovation is a basic requirement of China＇s socialist construction,and an important guarantee that people can live and work in peace and enjoy long-term stability and order.Strengthening and innova...Social governance innovation is a basic requirement of China＇s socialist construction,and an important guarantee that people can live and work in peace and enjoy long-term stability and order.Strengthening and innovating social governance has great significance for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,and this is where judicial justice plays a unique role at the level of government,society,and the individual.That is,judicial justice is the key to transforming governmental functions;the guarantee of a new-type social construction;and the guide to upgrading autonomy at the grass-roots level.To achieve judicial justice,we must popularize the idea of the rule of law,improve judicial work style and innovate judicial institutions.展开更多
文摘In accordance to National Commodity Policy （2011-2020）, Malaysian government targets at expending the pepper cultivated area from the current 16,331 ha to 20,110 ha by year 2020. Based on a planting density of 2,000 vines/ha, there will be an urgent need of 7.588 million cuttings for the next five years in order to achieve this target. However, shortages of planting materials, low productivity and occurrence of pests and diseases remain as the major challenge of pepper industry nowadays. Therefore, a novel farming innovation, namely W-configuration cultivation method has been developed to ensure high production of planting materials for large-scale pepper cultivation and at the same time to maximize land use in pepper farm. A field evaluation was conducted to compare the cutting production among W-configuration, V-configuration and traditional cultivation method. W-configuration recorded the highest mean number of pepper cuttings produced with 11.97 cuttings per vine in every pruning cycle, or equivalent to 71% of increment as compared to 7.00 cuttings per vine produced from the traditional planting method. Meanwhile, V-configuration produced 8.91 of mean cuttings, which are significantly lower than those produced by W-configuration method and yet comparable to traditional method. Based on return on investment （ROI） analysis, implementation of W-configuration cultivation method was able to achieve 35% of return per cycle of planting within two years for the first cycle and upsurged to approximately 355% for the subsequence cycle. Furthermore, this novel innovation also out-yielded traditional planting method by 75.27% for the first and second year of green berry production. The ROI analysis proved the feasibility of this newly developed cultivation method to create potential new income for pepper smallholders in Malaysia, who traditionally cultivate pepper for its peppercorn production. This study also enlightened the thorough planting procedures of W-configuration cultivation method mainly for pepper cutting production.
文摘The aim of the article is to analyze the evolution of a radical left group in France that created a scission inside the Fourth International after World War II. The group founded a review Socialisme ou Barbarie that criticized Marxism and the Trotskyist interpretation of the status of the USSR. The rigorous description of this review reveals the mixture of strong theoretical views on bureaucratic societies and empirical investigations of reactions against those societies. The hypothesis is that this group failed to be a new political force. As a matter of fact, is it possible to depict the evolution of Socialisme ou Barbarie as an investigative journalism based on a strong political and philosophical theory？
文摘In the late Ming Dynasty, the society was turbulent, and it was also the important turning stage in the history of the development of China＇s literature. Xu Wei was a painter with a spirit of the reform and innovation in the late Ming Dynasty, and his painting style pioneered the precedent of the Chinese freehand bmshwork. In his creation of the paintings and the painting theories, he gave the innovative development to the theories of the traditional Chinese paintings and the freehand brushwork in this period in our country, and also promoted the further formation of the freehand flower and bird painting styles. Xu Wei＇s t^eehand flowers and birds combined the strengths of each school, and in the painting style, he was bold and unconstrained, and the pen and ink was coherent, and the form and the spirit were assistant and bleeding. The pen and ink all embodied the wonderful skill of the Chinese traditional paintings, and boldly integrated the wild cursive of the calligraphy in the paintings. This approach was the innovation of the techniques of the Chinese traditional paintings and the promotion of the thinking. The author of this article will begin the research on the relevant contents of the artistic achievements and the influences of the freehand flower and bird paintings by Xu Wei.
文摘Social governance innovation is a basic requirement of China＇s socialist construction,and an important guarantee that people can live and work in peace and enjoy long-term stability and order.Strengthening and innovating social governance has great significance for the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity,and this is where judicial justice plays a unique role at the level of government,society,and the individual.That is,judicial justice is the key to transforming governmental functions;the guarantee of a new-type social construction;and the guide to upgrading autonomy at the grass-roots level.To achieve judicial justice,we must popularize the idea of the rule of law,improve judicial work style and innovate judicial institutions.
