The thermal-environment characteristics of the existing forced-convection cooling system were compared with those of the convective cooling system, which combined the radiant-floor cooling system using floor-heating p...The thermal-environment characteristics of the existing forced-convection cooling system were compared with those of the convective cooling system, which combined the radiant-floor cooling system using floor-heating panel typically applied to apartments in South Korea with the forced-convection cooling system using improved fan coil unit. The subjective warm/cool-feeling responses to the combined radiant-floor and convective cooling system in the questionnaire survey conducted among the test subjects were analyzed to establish the basic data for the combined cooling system. The results show that in the thermal-equilibrium condition, the vertical air temperature difference in the model living room is larger in the forced-convection-cooling condition. Most of the subjects feel a proper warm/cool feeling on their entire body, but they feel colder on the foot and lower body in the combined-cooling condition.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastases to the gallbladder （MGBs）. METHODS： We performed a single-center retrospective study of 20 patients with MGBs diagnosed pathologic...AIM： To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastases to the gallbladder （MGBs）. METHODS： We performed a single-center retrospective study of 20 patients with MGBs diagnosed pathologically from 1999 to 2007. RESULTS： Among 417 gallbladder （GB） malignancies, 20 （4.8%） were MGBs. The primary malignancies originated from the stomach （n = 8）, colorectum （n = 3）, liver （n = 2）, kidney （n = 2）, skin （n = 2）, extrahepatic bile duct （n = 1）, uterine cervix （n = 1）, and appendix （n = 1）. Twelve patients were diagnosed metachronously, presenting with cholecystitis （n = 4）, abdominal pain （n = 2）, jaundice （n = 1）, weight loss （n = 1）, and serum CA 19-9 elevation （n = 1）; five patients were asymptomatic. The median survival after the diagnosis of MGB was 8.7 mo. On Cox regression analysis, R0 resection was the only factor associated with a prolonged survival [hazard ratio （HR）： 0.01, P = 0.002]; presentation with cholecystitis was associated with poor survival （HR： 463.27, P = 0.006）. CONCLUSION： MGBs accounted for 4.8% of all pathologically diagnosed GB malignancies. The most common origin was the stomach. The median survival of MGI3 was 8.7 mo.展开更多
This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis tha...This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis that the wages and working hours have positive but differential effects depending on wage level categories are supported. Second, effects of cultural factors, such as workaholism and consumerism, on long work hours, however, are not significant in both countries. Third, for Korean manual workers, the probability of working long hours is high, but the level of time scarcity is low; but the effect of union membership on long work hours is not significant in both Korea and Japan. Fourth, the hypothesis that negative effects of long work hours and time scarcity on satisfaction with work-life balance are supported. These findings suggest that an increase in wage for non-regular workers and a minimum wage are required to reduce working hours. In addition, they also suggest that reducing working hours, overtime work in particular, and wage gap are crucial to raising the level of satisfaction with work-life balance in both Korea and Japan.展开更多
Due to the increasing demand of replacing large capacity overhead lines with underground cables in Korea, KEPCO （Korea Electric Power Corporation） and LS Cable （LS Cable ＆ System） have developed 345 kV optical fi...Due to the increasing demand of replacing large capacity overhead lines with underground cables in Korea, KEPCO （Korea Electric Power Corporation） and LS Cable （LS Cable ＆ System） have developed 345 kV optical fiber composite XLPE （cross-linked polyethylene） 2,500 mm2 cable system. This system has been installed in Cheongna district of Incheon city. KEPCO and LS Cable are also planning to build the cooling system in a tunnel in order to reduce the ambient temperature caused by currents. In this paper, the process of development, field installation, and final inspection test of the complete system will be described.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To examine ginseng for improving people. the efficacy of Korean red blood flow in healthy METHODS： Participants were randomized and treated with 1500 mg of Korean red ginseng extract or placebo for 8 wee...OBJECTIVE： To examine ginseng for improving people. the efficacy of Korean red blood flow in healthy METHODS： Participants were randomized and treated with 1500 mg of Korean red ginseng extract or placebo for 8 weeks. The effect of Korean red ginseng was evaluated by digital infrared thermal images, and Doppler sonography, and blood test. RESULTS： Imbalance Forty subjects completed the protoco n local thermal distribution was significantly decreased in the Korean red ginseng group confirmed by digital infrared thermal images. Doppler sonography showed no significant change in maximum and average rates of blood circulation in single or complex areas. Blood analyses for coagulation and lipid metabolism factors revealed no significant changes. No abnormal reactions to the Korean red ginseng were observed. CONCLUSION： Digital infrared thermal imaging showed that the temperature deviation in the whole body decreased safely in the Korean red ginseng group, which mitigated the body- temperature imbalance. This result suggests that the Korean red ginseng improves blood circulation in the human body.展开更多
基金Project(NRF-2013RIA2A1A01014020)supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea
文摘The thermal-environment characteristics of the existing forced-convection cooling system were compared with those of the convective cooling system, which combined the radiant-floor cooling system using floor-heating panel typically applied to apartments in South Korea with the forced-convection cooling system using improved fan coil unit. The subjective warm/cool-feeling responses to the combined radiant-floor and convective cooling system in the questionnaire survey conducted among the test subjects were analyzed to establish the basic data for the combined cooling system. The results show that in the thermal-equilibrium condition, the vertical air temperature difference in the model living room is larger in the forced-convection-cooling condition. Most of the subjects feel a proper warm/cool feeling on their entire body, but they feel colder on the foot and lower body in the combined-cooling condition.
文摘AIM： To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastases to the gallbladder （MGBs）. METHODS： We performed a single-center retrospective study of 20 patients with MGBs diagnosed pathologically from 1999 to 2007. RESULTS： Among 417 gallbladder （GB） malignancies, 20 （4.8%） were MGBs. The primary malignancies originated from the stomach （n = 8）, colorectum （n = 3）, liver （n = 2）, kidney （n = 2）, skin （n = 2）, extrahepatic bile duct （n = 1）, uterine cervix （n = 1）, and appendix （n = 1）. Twelve patients were diagnosed metachronously, presenting with cholecystitis （n = 4）, abdominal pain （n = 2）, jaundice （n = 1）, weight loss （n = 1）, and serum CA 19-9 elevation （n = 1）; five patients were asymptomatic. The median survival after the diagnosis of MGB was 8.7 mo. On Cox regression analysis, R0 resection was the only factor associated with a prolonged survival [hazard ratio （HR）： 0.01, P = 0.002]; presentation with cholecystitis was associated with poor survival （HR： 463.27, P = 0.006）. CONCLUSION： MGBs accounted for 4.8% of all pathologically diagnosed GB malignancies. The most common origin was the stomach. The median survival of MGI3 was 8.7 mo.
文摘This study examines long work hours and work-life balance in relation to wage level, workaholism, and consumerism in both Korea and Japan. Findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the hypothesis that the wages and working hours have positive but differential effects depending on wage level categories are supported. Second, effects of cultural factors, such as workaholism and consumerism, on long work hours, however, are not significant in both countries. Third, for Korean manual workers, the probability of working long hours is high, but the level of time scarcity is low; but the effect of union membership on long work hours is not significant in both Korea and Japan. Fourth, the hypothesis that negative effects of long work hours and time scarcity on satisfaction with work-life balance are supported. These findings suggest that an increase in wage for non-regular workers and a minimum wage are required to reduce working hours. In addition, they also suggest that reducing working hours, overtime work in particular, and wage gap are crucial to raising the level of satisfaction with work-life balance in both Korea and Japan.
文摘Due to the increasing demand of replacing large capacity overhead lines with underground cables in Korea, KEPCO （Korea Electric Power Corporation） and LS Cable （LS Cable ＆ System） have developed 345 kV optical fiber composite XLPE （cross-linked polyethylene） 2,500 mm2 cable system. This system has been installed in Cheongna district of Incheon city. KEPCO and LS Cable are also planning to build the cooling system in a tunnel in order to reduce the ambient temperature caused by currents. In this paper, the process of development, field installation, and final inspection test of the complete system will be described.
基金supported by the 2010 grant from the Korean Society of Ginseng funded by Korea Ginseng Corporation
文摘OBJECTIVE： To examine ginseng for improving people. the efficacy of Korean red blood flow in healthy METHODS： Participants were randomized and treated with 1500 mg of Korean red ginseng extract or placebo for 8 weeks. The effect of Korean red ginseng was evaluated by digital infrared thermal images, and Doppler sonography, and blood test. RESULTS： Imbalance Forty subjects completed the protoco n local thermal distribution was significantly decreased in the Korean red ginseng group confirmed by digital infrared thermal images. Doppler sonography showed no significant change in maximum and average rates of blood circulation in single or complex areas. Blood analyses for coagulation and lipid metabolism factors revealed no significant changes. No abnormal reactions to the Korean red ginseng were observed. CONCLUSION： Digital infrared thermal imaging showed that the temperature deviation in the whole body decreased safely in the Korean red ginseng group, which mitigated the body- temperature imbalance. This result suggests that the Korean red ginseng improves blood circulation in the human body.
