At present, almost all the systems and products for speech recognition are working in quiet environment and their performances are degraded or even can′t work when they are operated in high noisy environment. In this...At present, almost all the systems and products for speech recognition are working in quiet environment and their performances are degraded or even can′t work when they are operated in high noisy environment. In this paper, after analyzing the features of speech and noise, a speech enhancement method for LPC autoregressive model for command words recognition used in noisy environment is proposed, and an experimental system is realized. In different background noisy environments, we conduct experiments about SNR, basic accuracy, noise resistant ability and system environment adaptability with different microphones. The experimental results show that the system has good recognition performance in high noisy environments. The system can resist many kinds of noises and meet the needs of application areas on the whole such as military, traffic, marketplace and factory etc.展开更多
An improved speech absence probability estimation was proposed using environmental noise classification for speech enhancement.A relevant noise estimation approach,known as the speech presence uncertainty tracking met...An improved speech absence probability estimation was proposed using environmental noise classification for speech enhancement.A relevant noise estimation approach,known as the speech presence uncertainty tracking method,requires seeking the "a priori" probability of speech absence that is derived by applying microphone input signal and the noise signal based on the estimated value of the "a posteriori" signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To overcome this problem,first,the optimal values in terms of the perceived speech quality of a variety of noise types are derived.Second,the estimated optimal values are assigned according to the determined noise type which is classified by a real-time noise classification algorithm based on the Gaussian mixture model(GMM).The proposed algorithm estimates the speech absence probability using a noise classification algorithm which is based on GMM to apply the optimal parameter of each noise type,unlike the conventional approach which uses a fixed threshold and smoothing parameter.The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by objective tests,such as the perceptual evaluation of speech quality(PESQ) and composite measure.Performance was then evaluated by a subjective test,namely,mean opinion scores(MOS) under various noise environments.The proposed method show better results than existing methods.展开更多
The sound absorption coefficient(SAC)curves of the nonwovens,fabrics,and thick fibrous layers with the frequency in the range of 125-3 200 Hz and cavity distances of 5 cm,10 cm,20 cm,30 cm and 40 cm were measured.Base...The sound absorption coefficient(SAC)curves of the nonwovens,fabrics,and thick fibrous layers with the frequency in the range of 125-3 200 Hz and cavity distances of 5 cm,10 cm,20 cm,30 cm and 40 cm were measured.Based on analysis,it is found that the SAC is actually in direct proportion to the relative vibration amplitude of the sound wave,resulting in obtaining a mathematical expression showing that the SAC changes with the frequency for a given material.Additionally,a good corresponding relation between the maximal SAC and the permeability of the materials is discovered,thus an empirical formula is established.As a result,a complete SAC formula has been developed.In this formula,the SAC is solely a function of the sound wave frequency and permeability of the material.In comparison with sound absorption spectra of several materials,the calculated results and results measured with the formula coincide well with each other.展开更多
This paper presents an improved Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm which uses the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) measure. We assume that noise Power Spectral Density (PSD) in each spectral bin follows a Rayle...This paper presents an improved Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm which uses the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) measure. We assume that noise Power Spectral Density (PSD) in each spectral bin follows a Rayleigh distribution. Rayleigh distributions with its asymmetric tail characteristics give a better description of the noise PSD distribution than Gaussian distribution. Under this asstlmption, a new threshold updating expression is derived. Since the analytical integral of the false alarm probability, the threshold updating expression can be represented without the inverse complementary error function and low computational complexity is achieved in our system. Experimental results show that the proposed VAD outperforms or at least is comparable with the VAD scheme presented by Davis under several noise environments and has a lower computational complexity.展开更多
AIM:To explore the more accurate lung sounds auscultation technology in high battlefield noise environment.METHODS: In this study, we restrain high background noise using a new method-adaptive noise canceling based on...AIM:To explore the more accurate lung sounds auscultation technology in high battlefield noise environment.METHODS: In this study, we restrain high background noise using a new method-adaptive noise canceling based on independent component analysis (ANC-ICA), the method, by incorporating both second-order and higher-order statistics can remove noise components of the primary input signal based on statistical independence.RESULTS:The algorithm retained the local feature of lung sounds while eliminating high background noise, and performed more effectively than the conventional LMS algorithm.CONCLUSION:This method can cancel high battlefield noise of lung sounds effectively thus can help diagnose lung disease more accurately.展开更多
Mario Paint, the 1992 Nintendo game for the Super NES, remains an accessible environment for musical creativity and sound exploration within its music mode. Although developed for a gaming system, the game's music mo...Mario Paint, the 1992 Nintendo game for the Super NES, remains an accessible environment for musical creativity and sound exploration within its music mode. Although developed for a gaming system, the game's music mode is a streamlined tool built upon basic music theory and music composition. Through familiar video game sounds and icon and Westem music notation, players are able to compose chipttme works and explore the nature of sound through an inviting interface. Similar music composition software upgrades the process of composition established in Mario Paint, allowing for digital distribution and dissemination. Mario Paint continues to inspire new projects in the areas of video games and scholastic studies. Mario Paint and its successors are very reasonable entry-level programs for chiptune composers and fledgling music students展开更多
Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" (AIA) is considered a pioneer international Public-Private Partnership, being the first major int. airport constructed with the participation of the private sec...Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" (AIA) is considered a pioneer international Public-Private Partnership, being the first major int. airport constructed with the participation of the private sector with the BOOT method (Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer). AIA's 1st day of operation was in March 2001 and the aircraft traffic on 2006 reached 191.000 movements & 15.1 million passengers. According to the European Directive 49/2002 and the Joint Ministerial Decision 13586/724-28/3/06, Athens International Airport (AIA) is included in the category of"large airports" and it consequently comes under the authority of the above mentioned legislation on the evaluation and management of environmental noise. A complete Study on Aircraft Noise [1], according to the European Directive 49/2002 [2] and Joint Ministerial Decision 13586/724-28/3/06 was undertaken under the auspices of the Ministry of Environment, Energy & Climate Change, the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority, and AIA S.A. In this article the following results are presented: (1) The 2006 Strategic Noise Map (SNM) of both indicators Lden and Lnight based on the ECAC.CEAC Doc 29 methodology "Report on Standard Method of Computing Noise Contours around Civil Airports", 1997 [3], (2) A statistical analysis of predicted vs measured noise levels based on the existing Noise Monitoring System, (3) Effects from the removal of marginally accepted chapter 3 aircraft, (4) A complete evaluation of results regarding calculation of area/land uses and number of individuals living in residences inside blocks exposed in various levels of noise, and (5) A full evaluation of Noise Action Plans (NAP) regrouping existing and foreseen actions FOR 2006 & 2011 scenarios, especially regarding among others, noise abatement procedures, a comprehensive noise insulation legal framework.展开更多
multimedia courseware teaching can integrate images, voice, text, so that students can study in a relaxed, happy teaching environment in the form of the image lively. Through the analysis of the pros and cons of multi...multimedia courseware teaching can integrate images, voice, text, so that students can study in a relaxed, happy teaching environment in the form of the image lively. Through the analysis of the pros and cons of multimedia, it can be more practical for the modem technology of multimedia to assist English teaching and can get twice the result with half the effort.展开更多
The goal of ecopsychology is to awaken the inherent sense of environmental reciprocity that lies within the ecological unconsciousness. Proclaiming the spirit of ecopsychology, Theodore Roszak argues that psychotherap...The goal of ecopsychology is to awaken the inherent sense of environmental reciprocity that lies within the ecological unconsciousness. Proclaiming the spirit of ecopsychology, Theodore Roszak argues that psychotherapy is an urban movement, but human beings can never heal themselves until they reconnect with nature. Other therapies aim at healing the alienation between person and person, person and family, person and society; ecopsychology intends to heal the more primary alienation between the person and the natural environment. Henri Lefebvre's work has revitalized urban studies, geography and planning via concepts like the social production of space. Lefebvre claims that space is not an inert, neutral, and pre-existing given, but rather, an on-going production of spatial relations. According to Lefebvre, space is produced by three types of practice: spatial practices of physical transformation of the environment, practices of representation of space, and everyday practices of representational space. Lefebvre further presents a "differential space," named as such for its dialectical resistance to the forces of homogenization present in "abstract space." The aim of this paper is to trace the ecological voice from Roszak's The Voice of the Earth in Henri Lefebvre's "differential space." Roszak's ecopsychology has formed a differential space, acknowledging that the boundaries of dualism and separations such as mind and body, man and nature should be finally dissolved in terms of ecological sustainability. Within this space, a holistic approach and thinking are created and required to take into account perception of the inextricable relationship between all life and all phenomena.展开更多
The ultrasonic communication in Concave-eared torrent flogs Odorrana tormota is believed to be an adaptation to avoid masking by the intense low-frequency noise of the rushing stream in their habitat. The acoustic ada...The ultrasonic communication in Concave-eared torrent flogs Odorrana tormota is believed to be an adaptation to avoid masking by the intense low-frequency noise of the rushing stream in their habitat. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis for ultrasonic origin predicts that some organisms subjecting to persistent acoustic interference from broadband, low-frequency en- vironmental noise, might shift their signal frequency upward into frequency bands with lower noise energy. In other words, low-frequency environmental noise might cause upward shifts of species' vocalization frequencies making their signals more conspicuous. Presently, it is unclear whether male O. tormota adjust their signal features in response to a change in the ambient noise level. We tested the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis by recording the vocalizations of male O. tormota in- habiting two streams with different background noise levels in Huangshan in central China and comparing their call features in- cluding the fundamental frequency (F0). Results showed that the spectrotemporal characteristics of the vocal signals of males in the two habitats were indifferent, except the duration of the call harmonic segments and three parameters related to the call fun- damental frequency (F0). In terms of the F0, the pooled and individual frog data showed that flogs inhabiting the noisier habitat tended to emit calls having higher F0. The higher F0 increases the signal-to-noise ratio, thus benefiting the detection of vocaliza- tion. Thus, similar to several anuran species, concave-eared torrent frogs also display noise-dependent adjustment of vocal pitch in their vocalizations for making them more audible展开更多
文摘At present, almost all the systems and products for speech recognition are working in quiet environment and their performances are degraded or even can′t work when they are operated in high noisy environment. In this paper, after analyzing the features of speech and noise, a speech enhancement method for LPC autoregressive model for command words recognition used in noisy environment is proposed, and an experimental system is realized. In different background noisy environments, we conduct experiments about SNR, basic accuracy, noise resistant ability and system environment adaptability with different microphones. The experimental results show that the system has good recognition performance in high noisy environments. The system can resist many kinds of noises and meet the needs of application areas on the whole such as military, traffic, marketplace and factory etc.
基金Project supported by an Inha University Research GrantProject(10031764) supported by the Strategic Technology Development Program of Ministry of Knowledge Economy,Korea
文摘An improved speech absence probability estimation was proposed using environmental noise classification for speech enhancement.A relevant noise estimation approach,known as the speech presence uncertainty tracking method,requires seeking the "a priori" probability of speech absence that is derived by applying microphone input signal and the noise signal based on the estimated value of the "a posteriori" signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).To overcome this problem,first,the optimal values in terms of the perceived speech quality of a variety of noise types are derived.Second,the estimated optimal values are assigned according to the determined noise type which is classified by a real-time noise classification algorithm based on the Gaussian mixture model(GMM).The proposed algorithm estimates the speech absence probability using a noise classification algorithm which is based on GMM to apply the optimal parameter of each noise type,unlike the conventional approach which uses a fixed threshold and smoothing parameter.The performance of the proposed method was evaluated by objective tests,such as the perceptual evaluation of speech quality(PESQ) and composite measure.Performance was then evaluated by a subjective test,namely,mean opinion scores(MOS) under various noise environments.The proposed method show better results than existing methods.
基金Key Laboratory Items of Shanxi Province,China(No.05JS07)
文摘The sound absorption coefficient(SAC)curves of the nonwovens,fabrics,and thick fibrous layers with the frequency in the range of 125-3 200 Hz and cavity distances of 5 cm,10 cm,20 cm,30 cm and 40 cm were measured.Based on analysis,it is found that the SAC is actually in direct proportion to the relative vibration amplitude of the sound wave,resulting in obtaining a mathematical expression showing that the SAC changes with the frequency for a given material.Additionally,a good corresponding relation between the maximal SAC and the permeability of the materials is discovered,thus an empirical formula is established.As a result,a complete SAC formula has been developed.In this formula,the SAC is solely a function of the sound wave frequency and permeability of the material.In comparison with sound absorption spectra of several materials,the calculated results and results measured with the formula coincide well with each other.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 60874060)
文摘This paper presents an improved Voice Activity Detection (VAD) algorithm which uses the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) measure. We assume that noise Power Spectral Density (PSD) in each spectral bin follows a Rayleigh distribution. Rayleigh distributions with its asymmetric tail characteristics give a better description of the noise PSD distribution than Gaussian distribution. Under this asstlmption, a new threshold updating expression is derived. Since the analytical integral of the false alarm probability, the threshold updating expression can be represented without the inverse complementary error function and low computational complexity is achieved in our system. Experimental results show that the proposed VAD outperforms or at least is comparable with the VAD scheme presented by Davis under several noise environments and has a lower computational complexity.
基金Supported by Obligatory Budget of Chine PLA in the "tenth-five years"(OIL077)
文摘AIM:To explore the more accurate lung sounds auscultation technology in high battlefield noise environment.METHODS: In this study, we restrain high background noise using a new method-adaptive noise canceling based on independent component analysis (ANC-ICA), the method, by incorporating both second-order and higher-order statistics can remove noise components of the primary input signal based on statistical independence.RESULTS:The algorithm retained the local feature of lung sounds while eliminating high background noise, and performed more effectively than the conventional LMS algorithm.CONCLUSION:This method can cancel high battlefield noise of lung sounds effectively thus can help diagnose lung disease more accurately.
文摘Mario Paint, the 1992 Nintendo game for the Super NES, remains an accessible environment for musical creativity and sound exploration within its music mode. Although developed for a gaming system, the game's music mode is a streamlined tool built upon basic music theory and music composition. Through familiar video game sounds and icon and Westem music notation, players are able to compose chipttme works and explore the nature of sound through an inviting interface. Similar music composition software upgrades the process of composition established in Mario Paint, allowing for digital distribution and dissemination. Mario Paint continues to inspire new projects in the areas of video games and scholastic studies. Mario Paint and its successors are very reasonable entry-level programs for chiptune composers and fledgling music students
文摘Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" (AIA) is considered a pioneer international Public-Private Partnership, being the first major int. airport constructed with the participation of the private sector with the BOOT method (Build, Own, Operate, and Transfer). AIA's 1st day of operation was in March 2001 and the aircraft traffic on 2006 reached 191.000 movements & 15.1 million passengers. According to the European Directive 49/2002 and the Joint Ministerial Decision 13586/724-28/3/06, Athens International Airport (AIA) is included in the category of"large airports" and it consequently comes under the authority of the above mentioned legislation on the evaluation and management of environmental noise. A complete Study on Aircraft Noise [1], according to the European Directive 49/2002 [2] and Joint Ministerial Decision 13586/724-28/3/06 was undertaken under the auspices of the Ministry of Environment, Energy & Climate Change, the Hellenic Civil Aviation Authority, and AIA S.A. In this article the following results are presented: (1) The 2006 Strategic Noise Map (SNM) of both indicators Lden and Lnight based on the ECAC.CEAC Doc 29 methodology "Report on Standard Method of Computing Noise Contours around Civil Airports", 1997 [3], (2) A statistical analysis of predicted vs measured noise levels based on the existing Noise Monitoring System, (3) Effects from the removal of marginally accepted chapter 3 aircraft, (4) A complete evaluation of results regarding calculation of area/land uses and number of individuals living in residences inside blocks exposed in various levels of noise, and (5) A full evaluation of Noise Action Plans (NAP) regrouping existing and foreseen actions FOR 2006 & 2011 scenarios, especially regarding among others, noise abatement procedures, a comprehensive noise insulation legal framework.
文摘multimedia courseware teaching can integrate images, voice, text, so that students can study in a relaxed, happy teaching environment in the form of the image lively. Through the analysis of the pros and cons of multimedia, it can be more practical for the modem technology of multimedia to assist English teaching and can get twice the result with half the effort.
文摘The goal of ecopsychology is to awaken the inherent sense of environmental reciprocity that lies within the ecological unconsciousness. Proclaiming the spirit of ecopsychology, Theodore Roszak argues that psychotherapy is an urban movement, but human beings can never heal themselves until they reconnect with nature. Other therapies aim at healing the alienation between person and person, person and family, person and society; ecopsychology intends to heal the more primary alienation between the person and the natural environment. Henri Lefebvre's work has revitalized urban studies, geography and planning via concepts like the social production of space. Lefebvre claims that space is not an inert, neutral, and pre-existing given, but rather, an on-going production of spatial relations. According to Lefebvre, space is produced by three types of practice: spatial practices of physical transformation of the environment, practices of representation of space, and everyday practices of representational space. Lefebvre further presents a "differential space," named as such for its dialectical resistance to the forces of homogenization present in "abstract space." The aim of this paper is to trace the ecological voice from Roszak's The Voice of the Earth in Henri Lefebvre's "differential space." Roszak's ecopsychology has formed a differential space, acknowledging that the boundaries of dualism and separations such as mind and body, man and nature should be finally dissolved in terms of ecological sustainability. Within this space, a holistic approach and thinking are created and required to take into account perception of the inextricable relationship between all life and all phenomena.
文摘The ultrasonic communication in Concave-eared torrent flogs Odorrana tormota is believed to be an adaptation to avoid masking by the intense low-frequency noise of the rushing stream in their habitat. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis for ultrasonic origin predicts that some organisms subjecting to persistent acoustic interference from broadband, low-frequency en- vironmental noise, might shift their signal frequency upward into frequency bands with lower noise energy. In other words, low-frequency environmental noise might cause upward shifts of species' vocalization frequencies making their signals more conspicuous. Presently, it is unclear whether male O. tormota adjust their signal features in response to a change in the ambient noise level. We tested the prediction of the acoustic adaptation hypothesis by recording the vocalizations of male O. tormota in- habiting two streams with different background noise levels in Huangshan in central China and comparing their call features in- cluding the fundamental frequency (F0). Results showed that the spectrotemporal characteristics of the vocal signals of males in the two habitats were indifferent, except the duration of the call harmonic segments and three parameters related to the call fun- damental frequency (F0). In terms of the F0, the pooled and individual frog data showed that flogs inhabiting the noisier habitat tended to emit calls having higher F0. The higher F0 increases the signal-to-noise ratio, thus benefiting the detection of vocaliza- tion. Thus, similar to several anuran species, concave-eared torrent frogs also display noise-dependent adjustment of vocal pitch in their vocalizations for making them more audible