论符号逻辑在言语交互行为中的双重性结构

言语交互行为是主体使用一系列不同种类的符号和形式组合进行思想表达和意义理解的过程。音声系统与记号形式构成了传达的初级形态,非推论性符号和推论性言语形式则组合成更高层级言语呈现方式,符号在此过程中扮演不可或缺的中介角色,它所具有的双重功能和符号形式自身的区分性特征构建了符号逻辑在言语交互行为中的双重性结构。分析和解释言语中符号逻辑的双重性结构,不仅使主体的思想表达和意义理解更为明晰高效,还将促进自然语言在人机交互中的非推论性符号识别和语义映射机制认知及哲学基础问题研究。

Vocal structure, behavior and partitioning of all 23 Pternistis spp. into homologous sound(and monophyletic) groups

The aims of this research were (1) to provide a description of spurfowl Pternistis spp. calls and their social context;(2) to describe the divergence of advertisement calls;and (3) to appropri-ate 23 spurfowl species to homologous sound groups which have been synthesized with recognized monophyletic groups within Pternistis spurfowls. Sound group partitioning was primarily based on male advertisement calls. A total of 218 recordings (rendering^300 identifiable calls) were analyzed covering 22 out of 23 spurfowl species in Africa. One species was assessed from written accounts. The repertoire size per spurfowl varies between 7 and 11 calls. Spurfowl calls were arranged into three broad categories including (1) advertisement calls;(2) maintenance calls including distress calls, juve-nile whining (“mews”), cheeps and comfort calls;and (3) male-female and female-offspring bonding calls. Spurfowl species were set out in eight sound groups of which five were more or less congruent with the monophyletic groups of Hall (1963), but sound groups produced more partitioning as Hall described only five groups relevant to Pternistis spp. The divergence of advertisement calls appar-ently minimizes hybridization between sympatric species but the“genetic distance”between spurfowl species is relatively small causing hybridization among spurfowl species. Despite the vocalizations of Hartlaub’s Spurfowl (P. hartlaubi) differing significantly from the rest of the spurfowls, sound analy-ses suggest that it remains within Pternistis.

Identification of complex compliance for regenerator in thermoacoustic resonator system

In thermoacoustic system,the characteristic of complex compliance of a regenerator has a great influence on energy stored and dissipation of the whole engine.In order to investigate the performance of regenerators with different matrix geometries and materials coupled with different acoustic systems,an experimental measurement and analysis method was presented.By measuring the resonant frequency,the complex compliance and quality factor of five kinds of matrix were experimentally analyzed respectively in the system of loudspeaker-driven thermoacoustic resonator(TAR)with different lengths.The experimental results show that the real part of complex compliance of the regenerator with pin-array has a maximum value among the measured matrixes and its quality factor is the largest(28.222)with the least dissipation factor of 0.035 4.So the pin-array matrix is testified to behave more excellently on the energy conversion than other matrixes.Compared with other factors the complex compliance of a regenerator contributes more to the performance of a thermoacoustic system.

Mario Paint： An Accessible Environment of Musical Creativity and Sound Exploration

Mario Paint, the 1992 Nintendo game for the Super NES, remains an accessible environment for musical creativity and sound exploration within its music mode. Although developed for a gaming system, the game＇s music mode is a streamlined tool built upon basic music theory and music composition. Through familiar video game sounds and icon and Westem music notation, players are able to compose chipttme works and explore the nature of sound through an inviting interface. Similar music composition software upgrades the process of composition established in Mario Paint, allowing for digital distribution and dissemination. Mario Paint continues to inspire new projects in the areas of video games and scholastic studies. Mario Paint and its successors are very reasonable entry-level programs for chiptune composers and fledgling music students

Sound transducer calibration of ambulatory audiometric system utilizing delta learning rule

An efficient calibration algorithm for an ambulatory audiometric test system is proposed. This system utilizes a personal digital assistant (PDA) device to generate the correct sound pressure level (SPL) from an audiometric transducer such as an earphone. The calibrated sound intensities for an audio-logical examination can be obtained in terms of the sound pressure levels of pure-tonal sinusoidal signals in eight-banded frequency ranges (250, 500, 1 000, 2 000, 3 000, 4 000, 6 000 and 8 000 Hz), and with mapping of the input sound pressure levels by the weight coefficients that are tuned by the delta learning rule. With this scheme, the sound intensities, which evoke eight-banded sound pressure levels by 5 dB steps from a minimum of 25 dB to a maximum of 80 dB, can be generated without volume displacement. Consequently, these sound intensities can be utilized to accurately determine the hearing threshold of a subject in the ambulatory audiometric testing environment.

An Analytic Model of Subminiature Auditory Sensation System for Sound Source Localization

It is reported that some types of insects have a remarkable ability to detect the direction of an incident sound even though its acoustic sensory organs are in very close proximity each other. Maybe the ears are jointed by a cuticular structure with which the separated motions can be coupled mechanically and thus be magnified. In this paper, a detailed model is setup to describe the principle of this type of localization using a mechanical coupled structure. The transfer functions and the responses of the model in terms of time and frequency are analyzed to describe the mechanism of its ability of directional hearing. This analytical model provides a method to design the experimental model for the predetermined incident sound pressure, and the analysis of this model shows that this structure have the ability to determine the direction of the incident stimulus.

Super-harmonic resonance characteristic of a rigid-rotor ball bearing system caused by a single local defect in outer raceway

The studies on dynamics of a fault bearing system are prevalent in recent years, however, we are studying a completely different frequency range than the one where the bearing faults are best seen. Considering a local defect on outer raceway,a two-degree-of-freedom analytical model of a rigid-rotor ball bearing system is established. Three pulse force models are introduced to simulate the local defect. The frequency domain method—harmonic balance method with alternating frequency/time domain technique (HB-AFT) is used to calculate the response in a large frequency range. By comparing the performance at different frequencies, the fault systems with different defect models and parameters reveal the super-harmonic resonances,and the reasons for this phenomenon are uncovered as well. Finally, the theoretical calculation is verified qualitatively by the experimental results, through comparing the frequency spectrums of the defective bearing rotor system to the fault-free one.Therefore, the super-harmonic resonances can be regarded as a dynamic feature. Besides, the obvious super-harmonic resonances indicate the magnification of the harmonics of the "characteristic defect frequency" for outer race in the corresponding speed regions, which may be helpful for the diagnosis of a rotor ball bearing system with a local defect.