The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Ma...The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Maack）; and the hybrids of their homozygous forms （F6）. Representatives of the initial kinds and interspecific hybrids for reproduction were grown up in comparable conditions. Seeds of a soybean were grown up at 24℃ in Petri cups in thermostat in darkness during winter. For research of mitotic meristem cages activity the tips of roots were fixed temporal by acetoalcohol （fractional fixing） from 1 p.m. till 12 a.m., further up to 12 p.m. each 60 minutes. Acetokarmin was used for preparing the coloring. For researching of mitotic indexes, there have been analyzed from 6 up to 10 thousand cells at each stage （during each moment of time： 01 hour, 02, 03 06 ... 12, 13 ... 18 hours and further）. Within a day （day ＋ night） in cells of root apical meristem, three mitosis ＂waves＂ in each of the investigated forms with an absolute starting point of rest at 12 p.m., with precisely expressed further periodicity were found out. Each of the investigated forms misses in character of wave processes, on a degree of increase and recession of mitosis waves, on the level of mitotic indexes. Maximal mitotic activity at all the investigated forms is noted at 6 and 12 a.m. and 6 p.m.展开更多
Plant organs are derived from stem cells.Once a leaf primordium initiates growth from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）,it establishes adaxial-abaxial（dorsal-ventral）polarity.This polarity essentially allows the leaf...Plant organs are derived from stem cells.Once a leaf primordium initiates growth from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）,it establishes adaxial-abaxial（dorsal-ventral）polarity.This polarity essentially allows the leaf to become a flat structure with the lamina expanding along the juxtaposition,i.e.,the middle domain,between the adaxial and abaxial domains.展开更多
When the shoot apical meristem of plants is damaged or removed,fecundity and/or plant growth may suffer(under-compensation),remain unaffected(compensation)or increase(overcompensation).The latter signifies a potential...When the shoot apical meristem of plants is damaged or removed,fecundity and/or plant growth may suffer(under-compensation),remain unaffected(compensation)or increase(overcompensation).The latter signifies a potential‘cost’of apical dominance.Using natural populations of 19 herbaceous angiosperm species with a conspicuously vertical,apically dominant growth form,we removed(clipped)the shoot apical meristem for replicate plants early in the growing season to test for a potential cost of apical dominance.Clipped and unclipped(control)plants had their near neighbours removed,and were harvested after flowering production had finished but before seed dispersal.Dry mass was measured separately for aboveground body size(shoots),leaves,seeds and fruits;and number of leaves,fruits and seeds per plant were counted.We predicted that:(i)our study species(because of their strong apically dominant growth form)would respond to shoot apical meristem removal with greater branching intensity,and thus overcompensation in terms of fecundity and/or biomass;and(ii)overcompensation is particularly enabled for species that produce smaller but more leaves,and hence with a larger bud bank of axillary meristems available for deployment in branching and/or fruit production.Widely variable compensatory capacities were recorded,and with no significant between-species relationship with leaf size or leafing intensity—thus indicating no generalized potential cost of apical dominance.Overall,the results point to species-specific treatment effects on meristem allocation patterns,and suggest importance for effects involving local variation in resource availability,and between-species variation in phenology,life history traits and susceptibility to herbivory.展开更多
文摘The circadian rhythms of apical meristem mitosis cells of the two types of soybean were investigated： wild soybeans - Glycine max （L.） Merr. （G. hispida Max.）, G. soja Sieb., and Zucc （G, ussuriensis Reg. and Maack）; and the hybrids of their homozygous forms （F6）. Representatives of the initial kinds and interspecific hybrids for reproduction were grown up in comparable conditions. Seeds of a soybean were grown up at 24℃ in Petri cups in thermostat in darkness during winter. For research of mitotic meristem cages activity the tips of roots were fixed temporal by acetoalcohol （fractional fixing） from 1 p.m. till 12 a.m., further up to 12 p.m. each 60 minutes. Acetokarmin was used for preparing the coloring. For researching of mitotic indexes, there have been analyzed from 6 up to 10 thousand cells at each stage （during each moment of time： 01 hour, 02, 03 06 ... 12, 13 ... 18 hours and further）. Within a day （day ＋ night） in cells of root apical meristem, three mitosis ＂waves＂ in each of the investigated forms with an absolute starting point of rest at 12 p.m., with precisely expressed further periodicity were found out. Each of the investigated forms misses in character of wave processes, on a degree of increase and recession of mitosis waves, on the level of mitotic indexes. Maximal mitotic activity at all the investigated forms is noted at 6 and 12 a.m. and 6 p.m.
文摘Plant organs are derived from stem cells.Once a leaf primordium initiates growth from the shoot apical meristem（SAM）,it establishes adaxial-abaxial（dorsal-ventral）polarity.This polarity essentially allows the leaf to become a flat structure with the lamina expanding along the juxtaposition,i.e.,the middle domain,between the adaxial and abaxial domains.
基金This work was supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada research grant to L.W.A.
文摘When the shoot apical meristem of plants is damaged or removed,fecundity and/or plant growth may suffer(under-compensation),remain unaffected(compensation)or increase(overcompensation).The latter signifies a potential‘cost’of apical dominance.Using natural populations of 19 herbaceous angiosperm species with a conspicuously vertical,apically dominant growth form,we removed(clipped)the shoot apical meristem for replicate plants early in the growing season to test for a potential cost of apical dominance.Clipped and unclipped(control)plants had their near neighbours removed,and were harvested after flowering production had finished but before seed dispersal.Dry mass was measured separately for aboveground body size(shoots),leaves,seeds and fruits;and number of leaves,fruits and seeds per plant were counted.We predicted that:(i)our study species(because of their strong apically dominant growth form)would respond to shoot apical meristem removal with greater branching intensity,and thus overcompensation in terms of fecundity and/or biomass;and(ii)overcompensation is particularly enabled for species that produce smaller but more leaves,and hence with a larger bud bank of axillary meristems available for deployment in branching and/or fruit production.Widely variable compensatory capacities were recorded,and with no significant between-species relationship with leaf size or leafing intensity—thus indicating no generalized potential cost of apical dominance.Overall,the results point to species-specific treatment effects on meristem allocation patterns,and suggest importance for effects involving local variation in resource availability,and between-species variation in phenology,life history traits and susceptibility to herbivory.
