To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is in...To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is introduced.The conditions for making customers and health maintenance organizations(HMOs)willing to participate in the proposed mechanism are given.A dual nonlinear programming model is used to identify the optimal prevention effort of customers and the pricing strategy of HMOs.Results show that to generate increased benefits,HMOs need to consider cost sharing when customers are not familiar with the proposed health services.When health services are gradually accepted,the cost sharing factor can be gradually reduced.Simulation shows that under random circumstances in which the market reaches a certain size,the proposed method exhibits a positive network externality.Motivated by network externality,HMOs only need to make their customers understand that the larger the number of participants,the greater the utility of each person.Such customers may then spontaneously invite others to purchase insurance.展开更多
Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) is biological product, which is extensively used in pediatric patients, with high adverse effects on children among different brand preparations. In the present study, we aimed to desc...Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) is biological product, which is extensively used in pediatric patients, with high adverse effects on children among different brand preparations. In the present study, we aimed to describe the adverse events of pediatric patients given IVIG infusions in China. Data were collected from all patients receiving IVIG infusion at the largest children’s hospital in Ningbo of China form January 2015 to December 2017. Descriptive statistics was used. A total of 2100 patients received IVIG infusion. All the patients who experienced adverse reactions were children(0.48%), with the highest frequency of infusion among those age 1 to 3 years old(40%). Among 10 infusions with adverse reactions, the most common indication was Kawasaki disease(40%) followed by severe pneumonia(30%). Rash was the most common adverse event(80%), followed by chest pain & cough(50%) and cyanosis(40%). Adverse events were observed to occur most frequently within 30 min from onset of infusion. Most of the reactions occurred with the large dose and the indications of used for. Since the hospital changed the brand, the incidence of adverse reactions was decreased from 1.39% to 0.13%. In this study, 0.48% of pediatric patients given IVIG infusions experienced adverse events. Anaphylactoid reaction was the most common manifestation. Symptoms occurred within 30 min from onset of infusion, which were affected by the dose, the value of lgE, the indications and the different brands.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71531004,72071042).
文摘To improve the inefficient prevention caused by customers unwillingness to adopt prevention strategies in health management,an incentive feedback mechanism that is based on game theory and contract design theory is introduced.The conditions for making customers and health maintenance organizations(HMOs)willing to participate in the proposed mechanism are given.A dual nonlinear programming model is used to identify the optimal prevention effort of customers and the pricing strategy of HMOs.Results show that to generate increased benefits,HMOs need to consider cost sharing when customers are not familiar with the proposed health services.When health services are gradually accepted,the cost sharing factor can be gradually reduced.Simulation shows that under random circumstances in which the market reaches a certain size,the proposed method exhibits a positive network externality.Motivated by network externality,HMOs only need to make their customers understand that the larger the number of participants,the greater the utility of each person.Such customers may then spontaneously invite others to purchase insurance.
基金Wenzhou Science and Technology Program(Grant No.Y20160012)
文摘Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) is biological product, which is extensively used in pediatric patients, with high adverse effects on children among different brand preparations. In the present study, we aimed to describe the adverse events of pediatric patients given IVIG infusions in China. Data were collected from all patients receiving IVIG infusion at the largest children’s hospital in Ningbo of China form January 2015 to December 2017. Descriptive statistics was used. A total of 2100 patients received IVIG infusion. All the patients who experienced adverse reactions were children(0.48%), with the highest frequency of infusion among those age 1 to 3 years old(40%). Among 10 infusions with adverse reactions, the most common indication was Kawasaki disease(40%) followed by severe pneumonia(30%). Rash was the most common adverse event(80%), followed by chest pain & cough(50%) and cyanosis(40%). Adverse events were observed to occur most frequently within 30 min from onset of infusion. Most of the reactions occurred with the large dose and the indications of used for. Since the hospital changed the brand, the incidence of adverse reactions was decreased from 1.39% to 0.13%. In this study, 0.48% of pediatric patients given IVIG infusions experienced adverse events. Anaphylactoid reaction was the most common manifestation. Symptoms occurred within 30 min from onset of infusion, which were affected by the dose, the value of lgE, the indications and the different brands.
