TATB基非均质炸药预冲击减敏的数值模拟

为了对一种TATB基非均质炸药的预冲击起爆现象展开数值模拟研究,将基于冲击温度及压力的AWSD反应率模型耦合进二维结构网格拉氏弹塑性流体力学程序。利用炸药及其产物的冲击雨贡纽实验数据校验了未反应炸药及产物的状态方程参数,通过一维冲击起爆的模拟,标定了反应速率模型参数。模拟了炸药在弱冲击0.45μs后跟随的强冲击波的二次冲击实验,结果表明,受预压缩区域的炸药反应变慢,到爆轰距离增长了约1 mm,与该炸药二次冲击实验减敏现象相符。模拟拐角效应时,爆轰波经过拐角后,在拐角附近形成稳定的不起爆区域,与主要成分相同的LX-17炸药的拐角效应实验的死区特征相符。数值模拟结果表明,基于冲击温度及压力的AWSD反应率模型可以较好地模拟非均质炸药预冲击减敏问题。

激光预冲击提高激光动态柔性微胀形成形质量

提出了一种激光预冲击辅助激光动态柔性微胀形的新型微成形工艺,以提高微成形件的质量。本工艺利用激光冲击对紫铜箔进行预处理以提高其成形性能,并从胀形深度、表面质量、厚度减薄率、成形对称性、断面形貌等方面研究了微胀形件的成形质量。实验结果表明,胀形深度及表面粗糙度随着激光能量的增加而增加,当激光能量从325 mJ增加至575 mJ时,胀形深度从216.3μm增至388.7μm。微胀形件的成形质量随着激光能量的增加而恶化。微胀形件的最大厚度减薄位置位于胀形中心区,局部颈缩则出现在胀形中心区和模具入口区,然而断裂发生在模具入口区。随着激光能量的增加,断裂模式由剪切断裂与韧性断裂的混合模式转变为剪切断裂。激光预冲击有利于提高微胀形件的成形质量,并抑制局部颈缩的产生。

超级13Cr石油接箍电镀冲击镍的研究与应用——双整流器与内、外不同材质电镀阳极的应用

13Cr材质的电镀与不锈钢材质一样,必须做冲击镍预镀层作为底层,才能进行其他电镀处理。因此,综述13Cr材质的接箍预镀冲击镍时螺纹内部与外圆同时电镀采用的特殊工艺、设备、材料的研究与应用,以期为特殊材质的石油接箍电镀防腐与使用提供有力的技术保障。

预裂辅助冲击截齿的破煤特性

近年来我国煤炭资源持续性大规模开采,如今国内的整体煤炭开采难度与日俱增,硬质煤层和黏性煤层的比例增加是制约煤炭开采效率的主要因素,而传统机械破煤技术很难实现硬煤、黏煤的高效截割。因此针对传统截齿在硬质和黏性煤岩破煤效果不佳的问题,从煤壁辅助预裂与截割相结合的角度出发,利用理论分析和数值模拟的方法研究了冲击预裂与截齿截割煤岩破碎特性,在综合考虑实际工作中的牵引、回转与冲击运动,提出了截齿运动轨迹模型,建立了预裂辅助冲击截齿的破煤轨迹数学模型,得到了截齿破煤运动轨迹的解析解。并根据分析结果建立了预裂辅助冲击截齿与传统截齿的单截齿滚筒破煤离散元模型,从破煤颗粒实际占比、破煤难易程度、截齿受力波动等角度对两种截齿的破煤特性进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在破煤颗粒实际占比上,预裂辅助冲击截齿在煤体硬度同为f6时提高了31%,当黏度黏聚力为2.6 MPa时预裂辅助冲击截齿的效率提升接近14%;在破煤难易程度上,预裂辅助冲击截齿在硬度值为f6时可降低50%的破煤难度,当黏度黏聚力为1.88 MPa时,预裂辅助冲击截齿可降低约12%的难度;在截齿受力波动上,预裂辅助冲击截齿在硬质煤或黏性煤均能够减小近7000 N的力,因此,开展预裂辅助冲击截齿的研究,将有利于破碎硬质和黏性等特殊煤岩介质。

基于集中静载荷探测的冲击地压危险性预评价

为了解工作面冲击危险状态,提前采取防冲措施,降低后期防治强度,理论分析了集中静载荷与冲击地压发生的相关性,建立了基于集中静载荷探测的冲击危险性预评价模型,并开展了实践验证。结果表明:集中静载荷在冲击地压启动过程中起主导作用,并可在工作面开采前探测并卸载;区域性集中静载荷可通过地震波法探测得出,基于地震波参数建立的冲击危险性预评价模型能够对工作面危险性做出评价,并且能够指导预卸压工作实施和检验解危效果。

尖板间隙中SF_6冲击预放电的光电研究

用光电倍增管研究了尖板间隙中ＳＦ６在正雷电冲击下的预放电特性，得出流注向先导转变的时间与实验参数（电压。

预加热冲击实验中钼的高温防氧化技术及其应用

由于具有较高的熔点和理想的冲击压缩性,钼在预加热冲击实验中常被用作支撑材料和标准材料,其在较高温度下的防氧化保护是在预加热冲击实验中更合理应用的前提,但目前尚无针对气炮靶室内氧化环境对钼进行防氧化保护的系统研究。针对该问题,本文基于卤化物包埋法,通过工艺优化在钼基体表面制备出防氧化涂层;X射线衍射分析表明该涂层主要成分是Mo Si2,其组织结构紧密、具有较好的展平;模拟预加热冲击实验的升温过程,采用电磁感应加热方式对有、无防氧化涂层样品在空气中进行快速升温和持续保温发现,本文所制备涂层可在1800K下5min内对钼基体进行有效的防氧化保护,基本满足预加热冲击实验对钼防氧化保护的要求。

预变形Cu本构关系的神经网络模型和Z-A模型

利用Split Hopkinsonbar装置上所得到的变形数据,研究了冲击预变形铜的神经网络本构关系模型以及Zerrilli Armstrong本构关系模型,比较了两种模型对冲击预变形铜在不同热力学状态下流变应力的预测精度.研究表明:神经网络模型的总的拟合度为0.9%,而Zerrilli Armstrong模型的拟合度为8%;Zerrilli Armstrong模型相对于神经网络模型精度较低,是由于物理模型把材料内部某些动态变量作为常数处理,而神经网络模型建模训练时已经包含了这些动态变化的因素;通过增加神经网络输入节点数可以扩大神经网络模型的应用范围.

控制抛掷爆破冲击波的研究与应用

为了解决黑岱沟露天煤矿高台阶抛掷爆破冲击波大,给附近加水站等建筑造成损坏的问题,对抛掷爆破产生的冲击波进行分析,采取对预裂孔进行充填、分组,对加水站门窗固定等技术措施及方法,解决了爆炸冲击波破坏加水站等建筑的问题,保证了露天煤矿生产的持续进行。

基于截割特性的采煤机截齿优化研究

为了解决采煤机截割作业过程中截齿磨损严重、截割机构故障率高的问题,采用离散元仿真分析的方法对截齿截割作业时的截割特性进行了研究。结果表明,在截割前对煤壁进行预裂冲击的方案能够有效提升采煤机的截割效率。根据研究结果,提出在采煤机截割滚筒上设置冲击截齿的方案,将采煤机截割时的效率提升了14.2%,将截齿的使用寿命提升了78.4%,对提升井下截割效率和综采经济性具有十分重要的意义。

Impingement capability of high-pressure submerged water jet: Numerical prediction and experimental verification

At jet pressures ranging from 80 to 120 MPa, submerged water jets are investigated by numerical simulation and experiment. Numerical simulation enables a systematic analysis of major flow parameters such as jet velocity, turbulent kinetic energy as well as void fraction of cavitation. Experiments facilitate an objective assessment of surface morphology, micro hardness and surface roughness of the impinged samples. A comparison is implemented between submerged and non-submerged water jets. The results show that submerged water jet is characterized by low velocity magnitudes relative to non-submerged water jet at the same jet pressure. Shear effect serves as a key factor underlying the inception of cavitation in submerged water jet stream. Predicted annular shape of cavity zone is substantiated by local height distributions associated with experimentally obtained footprints. As jet pressure increases, joint contribution of jet kinetic energy and cavitation is demonstrated. While for non-submerged water jet, impingement force stems exclusively from flow velocity.

Controlling roof with potential rock burst risk through different pre-crack length:Mechanism and effect research

Roof pre-splitting is an effective method to control the roof with potential rock burst risk.In this study,three-point bending tests were carried out by using fine sandstone specimens with different pre-cracked lengths as test objects,and digital speckle correlation method(DSCM)and acoustic emission(AE)technology were used to track the entire process of crack propagation.The effect of pre-cracks on the fracture of rock beams was evaluated,and the mechanical mechanism of the rock beam fracture process was analyzed.The rock beam pre-splitting design method was developed,and the application effect of the method was proved by the microseismic monitoring data obtained from the 10303 working face of Jining No.2 coal mine in China.The results show that the loading time history curve of pre-cracked beams exhibits obvious residual characteristics.Compared with the intact rock beam,the tensile strength,and maximum tensile strain of 35 mm pre-cracked rock beam are decreased by 32.4% and 33.1%,respectively and the acoustic emission b value is increased by 30.2%.According to the pre-splitting design method of rock beam,the maximum and average microseismic energy of the 10303 working face after pre-splitting construction are reduced by 25.6% and 6.4%,respectively,with excellent prevention and control effect of thick roof.

A Prelude Staircase to a Type V Intermittency in Two—Dimensional Discontinuous Maps

A sequence of periodic attractors has been observed in a two-dimensional discontinuous map, which canbe considered as a model of impact oscillator. The so-called 'transfer number', which is defined as the mean numberof transfer from non-impact state to impact state per iteration, is locked onto a lot of rational values to form a curveconsisting of many steps. Our numerical investigation confirms that every step is confined by conditions created by thecollision between the periodic orbit and the discontinuous boundary of the system. After the last collision the systemshows a chaotic motion with intermittent characteristics. Therefore the staircase can be addressed as a 'prelude staircaseto type V intermittency'. The similar phenomenon has also been observed in a model of electric circuit. These resultsof our study suggest that this kind of staircases is common in two (or even higher) dimensional discontinuous maps.

Dual cycloid gear mechanism for automobile safety pretensioners

The most conventional vehicle pretensioner system consists of an internal gear pair with involute teeth. However, it has been well known that the corresponding gear pairs are relatively weak under the situation of impact loadings. To improve this phenomenon, a new pretensioning gear system with cycloid teeth rather than the involute ones was proposed, and dual cycloidal gear mechanisms were designed for satisfying geometric constraints and dynamic loading conditions. The simulations of the prototypes were conducted by LS-DYNA program and the experiments for a prototype were performed for a dynamic model with impact loading devices. The results show that the better operation and the smoother motion are confirmed in the proposed cycloidal gear system rather than the conventional one without interferences between gear teeth under the impact of a crash.

Forming response of AA5052-H32 sheet deformed using a shock tube

The effect of bending pre-strain and pressure on the forming behavior of AA5052-H32 sheets has been studied using a shock tube. Various forming parameters like dome height, effective strain and stress distribution, hardness, and grain size evolution have been measured. Circular grids are printed on the sheets and Hill’s 1948 yield criterion is used to calculate the effective strain distribution. The effective stress distribution is calculated by using the Hollomon’s power law. The strain evolution during the forming process is monitored by mounting a strain rosette at the mid location of the sheet. The strain-time graph confirms the sharp rise in the peak strain and it increases significantly at higher pressure. The variation in the forming parameters asserts that the material stretches uniformly without strain localization. The optical microstructures also depict that the equiaxed grains are stretched and elongated after the shock deformation. This analysis confirms that the forming behavior of the material is dependent both on the degree of pre-strain and the change in pressure.

Pressure impact characteristic of vane type continuous rotary motor under different buffer structures

In order to solve the problem of pressure shock on the continuous rotary electro-hydraulic servo motor,the mathematical models of pressure gradient under the structure of pre-compressed chamber and U-shaped groove were established.The optimal structure dimensions of the pre-compressed chamber and the U-shaped groove were determined.The fluid models were established by Solidworks under the four structures of triangular groove,triangular groove with pre-compression chamber,U-shaped groove and U-shaped groove with pre-compression chamber.Simulation analysis of depressurization process of fluid models was performed based on FLUENT.The pressure nephograms of different buffer structures were compared and analyzed,and the pressure change curves and pressure gradient change curves in the process of depressurization were obtained.The results show that the optimal edge length of the pre-compressed chamber of continuous rotary electro-hydraulic servo motor is 20 mm in the process of decompression.The pressure reduction effect is the best when the width of the U-shaped groove is 1.5 mm and the depth is 1.65 mm.The U-shaped groove structure with pre-compression chamber is more conducive to alleviate the pressure shock phenomenon of the motor compared with different combine buffer structures.

Spanish National Monuments with Traditional Timber Roofs： Restoration versus Reconstruction

We prioritize interventions in the roof structure in order to prevent subsequent deterioration of the monument. This presentation refers to interventions in two Spanish National Monuments： the Collegiate Church of Roa de Duero and San Esteban＇s church of Los Balbases. The Collegiate Church was built during the 16th century. It is considered the jewel of the villa. It is a ＂hallenkirche＂ model with three big naves of the same height covered by beautiful starry vaults. The intervention consisted of restoring the wooden roof structure, preserving the original 16th centary structure, by replacing the damaged elements. It was restored according to archaeological criteria. San Esteban＇s church is a 13 century Gothic style church with a Latin cross plan. It has three naves with a transept of great slenderness. It preserves Romanesque remains. Opposite to the previous intervention we decided to rebuild the roof because the former roof was totally distorted due to bad executed works during the past Century. In this way we regain the original shape of the church. These interventions aim to improve constructive and structural conditions as well as retrieve the image of both monuments. We have studied the visual impact of interventions through virtual recreations. The intervention criteria are very different, restoration versus structttral reconstruction.

Response of air gap and slamming loadings on semi-submersible platform

The present research deals with the numerical prediction of the air gap within the 6th generation of deepwater drilling floating semi-submersible platform and the experimental studies on the slamming loadings onto the structure. The survivability of the floating model with a mooring system was tested under extreme wave of 10-year return period. In the numerical simulation of the Gaussian method,the narrow band model was applied to obtain the first-order wave surface equation and the modified second-order wave surface equation. The hydrodynamic responses of the floating body,i.e. radiation damping,added mass,second-order wave excitation force and drifting force,were computed by using the potential flow theory based on higher order boundary element method in frequent domain. In the experimental analysis,high-frequency sensors were installed at the lower deck to measure the wave slamming loads. Equivalent truncated mooring system was applied to make sure position of the floating body in the wave tank. The comparison between the numerical and experimental results showed the numerical model underestimated the air gap of the floating body. Nevertheless,the predictions of the high risk spots underneath the floating deck that is prone to wave slamming obtained from both models were agreeable to each other. The experimental results also revealed that the wave slamming events often occurred at the connection point between the rear columns and the lower deck.

适合频率选择性MIMO信道的FIR预编码器

改善频率选择性多输入多输出(MIMO)系统的信道容量,具有重要的理论和现实意义。基于最大信道容量准则,提出一种适合MIMO频率选择性衰落信道的预编码新方法。该方法将预编码器建模为一个有限冲击响应(FIR)滤波器,利用秩松弛将原非凸优化问题转换成为半定规划(SDP)问题,并结合特征值分解设计预编码器。仿真实验结果和分析表明,相对于扩展均匀信道分解(EUCD)等其它现有算法,该算法仅需较少的滤波器阶数即可显著提升系统的信道容量,具有较低的实现复杂度。

OWC air chamber performance prediction under impulse turbine damping effects

Oscillating water columns(OWCs)are most widely used in coastal wave energy conversion.The air duct opens into the atmosphere through the air turbine,which is the power take-off device,and this results in a pressure drop across the air chamber.However,because of the complex configure of the impulse turbine and its high rotation speed,it is difficult to install it in the experimental simulator and numerical model.Therefore,the turbine damping effects on the operation of the OWC air chamber are induced to predict its performance more accurately.Orifice plates are used as a substitute for the impulse turbine as it generates a similar pressure drop and power output;the experimental and numerical pressure drops and output powers are compared.A 3D numerical wave tank based on the two-phase VOF model is established using the commercial CFD code Fluent,which can predict air flow and pressure variations in the chamber and duct.Water surface elevations,air flow velocity and pressure variation inside the chamber with the orifice plate are studied numerically,and validated by the corresponding experimental data.The air chamber of the Yongsoo OWC pilot plant is used as the engineering project case.The operating performance of the air chamber installed with a 0.428D orifice plate as the substitute for the designed impulse turbine is computed and analyzed.It is found that the turbine damping effects will cause around 30%reduction in the peak values of the pneumatic energy output of the OWC air chamber in the resonant wave domain.