AIM： To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma, and also to evaluate outcome indicators in the lymph node-negative patients.METHODS： Of 2848 gastric carcinoma patie...AIM： To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma, and also to evaluate outcome indicators in the lymph node-negative patients.METHODS： Of 2848 gastric carcinoma patients, 1524 （53.5%） were lymph nede-negative. A statistical analysis was performed using the Cox model to estimate outcome indicators. RESULTS： There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between lymph nede-negative and lymph node-positive patients （14.4% vs 41.0%, P〈0.001）. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in lymph node-positive than in lymph node-negative patients （31.1% vs 77.4%, P〈0.001）. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors influenced the 5-year survival rate： patient age, tumor size, depth of invasion, tumor location, operative type, and tumor stage at initial diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that tumor size, serosal invasion, and curability were independent, statistically significant, prognostic indicators of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION： Lymph node-negative patients have a favorable outcome attributable to high curability, but the patients with relatively large tumors and serosal invasion have a poor prognosis. Curability is one of the most reliable predictors of long-term survival for lymph nodenegative gastric carcinoma patients.展开更多
Objective To investigate the expressions of PTEN and Caspase-3 proteins in human breast carcinoma,and to evaluate their clinicopathological implications during the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer.Method...Objective To investigate the expressions of PTEN and Caspase-3 proteins in human breast carcinoma,and to evaluate their clinicopathological implications during the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer.Methods The expressions of PTEN and Caspase-3 proteins in 95 cases of breast cancer and 15 cases of benign breast diseases were investigated immunohistochemically.Correlations between the expression of PTEN protein,Caspase-3 protein,and clinicopathological features of breast cancers were analyzed.Results The loss expression rate of PTEN protein in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in benign breast diseases(33.7% vs.0,P<0.01).Analysis of the clinicopathological features showed that PTEN expression level was negatively correlated with TNM stage,histological grade,axillary lymph node status,recurrence,and metastasis(P<0.05).The positive expression level of Caspase-3 was negatively correlated with TNM stage(P<0.01),but not related with histological grade,axillary lymph node status,recurrence,or metastasis(P>0.05).In addition,the expression of PTEN protein had significantly positive correlation with the expression of Caspase-3 protein in breast cancer(P<0.01).Conclusion The combination detection of PTEN and Caspase-3 may serve as an important index to estimate the pathobiological behavior and prognosis of breast cancer.展开更多
Gastric carcinoma remains a common disease worldwide with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it represents a very important health problem. It occurs with a high incidence in Asia and is one of the leading causes of cance...Gastric carcinoma remains a common disease worldwide with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it represents a very important health problem. It occurs with a high incidence in Asia and is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Although the incidence and mortality of gastric carcinoma are decreasing in many countries,gastric cancer still represents the second most frequent malignancies in the world and the fourth in Europe. The 5-year survival rate of gastric carcinoma is low. The etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully known. The study of gastric cancer is important in clinical medicine as well as in public health. Over the past 15 years,integrated research in molecular pathology has clarified the details of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of cancer-related genes in the course of the development and progression of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer, as all cancers, is the end result of the interplay of many risk factors as well as protective factors. Although epidemiological evidence indicates that environmental factors play a major role in gastric carcinogenesis, the role of immunological, genetic, and immunogenetic factors are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. Among the environmental factors,diet and Helicobacter pylori are more amenable to intervention aimed at the prevention of gastric cancer.The aim of the present paper is to review and include the most recent published evidence to demonstrate that only a multidisciplinary approach will lead to the advancement of the pathogenesis and prevention of gastric cancer. On the immunogenetic research it is clear that evidence is accumulating to suggest that a genetic profile favoring the proinflammatory response increases the risk of gastric carcinoma.展开更多
A two-phase dynamic model, describing gas phase propylene polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor, was used to explore the dynamic behavior and process control of the polypropylene production rate and reactor temper...A two-phase dynamic model, describing gas phase propylene polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor, was used to explore the dynamic behavior and process control of the polypropylene production rate and reactor temperature. The open loop analysis revealed the nonlinear behavior of the polypropylene fluidized bed reactor, jus- tifying the use of an advanced control algorithm for efficient control of the process variables. In this case, a central- ized model predictive control （MPC） technique was implemented to control the polypropylene production rate and reactor temperature by manipulating the catalyst feed rate and cooling water flow rate respectively. The corre- sponding MPC controller was able to track changes in the setpoint smoothly for the reactor temperature and pro- duction rate while the setpoint tracking of the conventional proportional-integral （PI） controller was oscillatory with overshoots and obvious interaction between the reactor temperature and production rate loops. The MPC was able to produce controller moves which not only were well within the specified input constraints for both control vari- ables, but also non-aggressive and sufficiently smooth for practical implementations. Furthermore, the closed loop dynamic simulations indicated that the speed of rejecting the process disturbances for the MPC controller were also acceotable for both controlled variables.展开更多
文摘AIM： To identify the clinicopathological characteristics of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma, and also to evaluate outcome indicators in the lymph node-negative patients.METHODS： Of 2848 gastric carcinoma patients, 1524 （53.5%） were lymph nede-negative. A statistical analysis was performed using the Cox model to estimate outcome indicators. RESULTS： There was a significant difference in the recurrence rate between lymph nede-negative and lymph node-positive patients （14.4% vs 41.0%, P〈0.001）. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in lymph node-positive than in lymph node-negative patients （31.1% vs 77.4%, P〈0.001）. Univariate analysis revealed that the following factors influenced the 5-year survival rate： patient age, tumor size, depth of invasion, tumor location, operative type, and tumor stage at initial diagnosis. The Cox proportional hazard regression model revealed that tumor size, serosal invasion, and curability were independent, statistically significant, prognostic indicators of lymph node-negative gastric carcinoma. CONCLUSION： Lymph node-negative patients have a favorable outcome attributable to high curability, but the patients with relatively large tumors and serosal invasion have a poor prognosis. Curability is one of the most reliable predictors of long-term survival for lymph nodenegative gastric carcinoma patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30371607)
文摘Objective To investigate the expressions of PTEN and Caspase-3 proteins in human breast carcinoma,and to evaluate their clinicopathological implications during the tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer.Methods The expressions of PTEN and Caspase-3 proteins in 95 cases of breast cancer and 15 cases of benign breast diseases were investigated immunohistochemically.Correlations between the expression of PTEN protein,Caspase-3 protein,and clinicopathological features of breast cancers were analyzed.Results The loss expression rate of PTEN protein in tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in benign breast diseases(33.7% vs.0,P<0.01).Analysis of the clinicopathological features showed that PTEN expression level was negatively correlated with TNM stage,histological grade,axillary lymph node status,recurrence,and metastasis(P<0.05).The positive expression level of Caspase-3 was negatively correlated with TNM stage(P<0.01),but not related with histological grade,axillary lymph node status,recurrence,or metastasis(P>0.05).In addition,the expression of PTEN protein had significantly positive correlation with the expression of Caspase-3 protein in breast cancer(P<0.01).Conclusion The combination detection of PTEN and Caspase-3 may serve as an important index to estimate the pathobiological behavior and prognosis of breast cancer.
基金Supported by the Foundation of Immunogenetics and Cluster I of VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam
文摘Gastric carcinoma remains a common disease worldwide with a dismal prognosis. Therefore, it represents a very important health problem. It occurs with a high incidence in Asia and is one of the leading causes of cancer death in the world. Although the incidence and mortality of gastric carcinoma are decreasing in many countries,gastric cancer still represents the second most frequent malignancies in the world and the fourth in Europe. The 5-year survival rate of gastric carcinoma is low. The etiology and pathogenesis are not yet fully known. The study of gastric cancer is important in clinical medicine as well as in public health. Over the past 15 years,integrated research in molecular pathology has clarified the details of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities of cancer-related genes in the course of the development and progression of gastric cancer. Gastric cancer, as all cancers, is the end result of the interplay of many risk factors as well as protective factors. Although epidemiological evidence indicates that environmental factors play a major role in gastric carcinogenesis, the role of immunological, genetic, and immunogenetic factors are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma. Among the environmental factors,diet and Helicobacter pylori are more amenable to intervention aimed at the prevention of gastric cancer.The aim of the present paper is to review and include the most recent published evidence to demonstrate that only a multidisciplinary approach will lead to the advancement of the pathogenesis and prevention of gastric cancer. On the immunogenetic research it is clear that evidence is accumulating to suggest that a genetic profile favoring the proinflammatory response increases the risk of gastric carcinoma.
基金Supported by the Research Grants of the Research Council of Malaya
文摘A two-phase dynamic model, describing gas phase propylene polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor, was used to explore the dynamic behavior and process control of the polypropylene production rate and reactor temperature. The open loop analysis revealed the nonlinear behavior of the polypropylene fluidized bed reactor, jus- tifying the use of an advanced control algorithm for efficient control of the process variables. In this case, a central- ized model predictive control （MPC） technique was implemented to control the polypropylene production rate and reactor temperature by manipulating the catalyst feed rate and cooling water flow rate respectively. The corre- sponding MPC controller was able to track changes in the setpoint smoothly for the reactor temperature and pro- duction rate while the setpoint tracking of the conventional proportional-integral （PI） controller was oscillatory with overshoots and obvious interaction between the reactor temperature and production rate loops. The MPC was able to produce controller moves which not only were well within the specified input constraints for both control vari- ables, but also non-aggressive and sufficiently smooth for practical implementations. Furthermore, the closed loop dynamic simulations indicated that the speed of rejecting the process disturbances for the MPC controller were also acceotable for both controlled variables.
