几种加氢预处理催化剂的失活原因探讨

通过小型加氢装置对催化剂进行活性评价 ,结果表明 ,失活催化剂经再生后加氢脱氮活性明显降低 ,其反应温度比新鲜催化剂反应温度高 7～ 8℃左右。通过使用XRD、XPS、TPR、ICP、IR等技术 ,测试和表征几种工业大量应用的加氢预处理催化剂 ,从不同角度研究再生前、后催化剂的各种性能的变化 ,研究、探讨催化剂失活的原因。研究表明 ,加氢预处理催化剂经工业使用后 ,导致催化剂失活的原因有 :在运转中碳的沉积使其暂时性失活、重金属沉积堵塞孔口、降低酸度、使催化剂部分活性位永久性失活 ,而金属聚集、载体烧结使催化剂加氢活性降低 。

FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂的研制及工业放大

考察了添加含硅、磷等元素的助剂对氧化铝孔结构和表面化学性质的影响,并采用该改性氧化铝制备出一种孔结构合理、金属分布均匀、酸性适宜的重油加氢处理催化剂FF-26。小型加氢试验装置的评价结果显示,在相同的工艺条件下,以高硫的伊朗VGO为原料,该催化剂反应温度比3936催化剂低13℃;以劣质高氮的胜利VGO为原料,该催化剂反应温度比FF-16催化剂低2℃。1700h寿命试验表明,FF-26催化剂具有良好的加氢脱氮活性和稳定性。

FF-24催化裂化原料加氢预处理催化剂的开发及工业应用

为了满足催化裂化原料预处理的要求,中国石油化工股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院采用ARASS(Adjustment of Reaction Active Site Structure)技术调节活性相结构,开发了Mo-Ni-Co的FF-24加氢预处理催化剂。该催化剂的金属含量只有FF-14催化剂的71%,但相对脱硫活性却比FF-14催化剂提高43%。FF-24催化剂在中国石油化工股份有限公司金陵分公司2.6 Mt/a蜡油加氢处理装置的工业应用结果表明:FF-24催化剂处理硫质量分数为2.08%,氮质量分数为1 340μg/g的高硫蜡油,在空速高达1.69 h-1的条件下,平均反应温度只有375℃就可以使精制蜡油硫质量分数降至1 000μg/g,化学氢耗为0.90%,证明了FF-24催化剂良好的加氢脱硫活性和选择性,是炼油企业在较低氢耗下加工高硫蜡油的适宜催化剂。

加氢裂化预处理催化剂失活原因分析及对策

以3个炼油厂的失活加氢裂化预处理催化剂为例,通过对比待生剂和再生剂的物理化学性质,发现P,Si和As等无机元素是造成催化剂永久失活的诱因。P和Si的沉积导致催化剂孔道结构堵塞,孔体积显著降低,且P对孔结构的影响程度远高于Si。而As和P都能够与活性金属作用,导致活性金属中毒。针对加氢裂化装置加工重质原料油的需求,提出了提升预处理催化剂孔结构性能和容垢能力,合理级配不同功能催化剂,控制好原料的性质和筛选合适的添加剂等对策,以实现装置长周期高效运行。

催化裂化原料预处理催化剂开发成功

由中国石化抚顺石油化工研究院开发的FF-14催化裂化原料预处理催化剂，通过中国石化股份有限公司科技开发部主持的技术鉴定。该催化剂具有很好的活性和稳定性，制备工艺简单，原料适应性强，能够满足在苛刻条件下处理劣质催化裂化原料的需求。

FCC预处理催化剂开发成功

由中石化抚顺石油化工研究院研制开发的FF-14FCC(催化裂化)原料预处理催化剂，近日通过了中石化科技开发部主持的技术鉴定。该催化剂具有很好的活性和稳定性，制备工艺简单，原料适应性强，能够满足在苛刻条件下处理劣质KCC原料的需求。

FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂的研制通过技术评议

2003年12月3日，由中国石化股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院承担的股份公司合同项目“FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂的研制”在北京通过了由中国石化股份有限公司科技开发部组织的技术评议。

FF-26加氢裂化催化剂获应用

一种既能用于加氢裂化反应的原料预处理，又可用于其它馏分的加氢精制工艺的FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂，目前已在金陵分公司、扬子石化股份公司、上海高桥分公司等6套工业装置成功应用，总加工能力达到600多万吨／年。由抚顺石化研究院开发的该催化剂具有孔分布集中，堆比适中、活性高、稳定性好、对原料适应性强等特点，其加氢脱氮活性高于当前国内外工业装置广泛使用的同类催化剂。它不仅适用于一段串联加氢裂化过程的预精制段，也适用焦化蜡油加氢处理和中压加氢改质等工艺过程。

FF-26催化剂在金陵分公司100×10^4t／a加氢裂化装置工业应用开汽成功

2004年1月，由中国石化股份有限公司抚顺石油化工研究院开发的FF-26加氢裂化预处理催化剂在中国石化金陵分公司100×10^4t/a加氢裂化装置上工业应用开汽成功。

重整装置首次开工关键因素探讨

阐述了做好重整装置首次开工的几个关键因素:做好预处理开工工作,确保重整进料合格;做好重整催化剂的处理工作;把好重整进油后480℃温度关;遵守操作规程,平稳操作。

助剂

FCC预处理催化剂开发成功 自主研制橡胶耐磨增强剂应用效果良好 滨州美东树脂研发成功新型固化剂 沧炼研制成功4种新助剂 环氧氯丙烷纺织涂料交联剂在南通问世

The effect of ethanol on the performance of CrO_x/SiO_2 catalysts during propane dehydrogenation

The effects of ethanol vapor pretreatment on the performance of CrOx/SiO2 catalysts during the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene were studied with and without the presence of CO2.The catalyst pretreated with ethanol vapor exhibited better catalytic activity than the pristine CrOx/SiO2,generating 41.4% propane conversion and 84.8% propylene selectivity.The various catalyst samples prepared were characterized by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,temperature-programmed reduction,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and reflectance UV-Vis spectroscopy.The data show that coordinative Cr^3＋ species represent the active sites during the dehydrogenation of propane and that these species serve as precursors for the generation of Cr^3＋.Cr^3＋ is reduced during the reaction,leading to a decrease in catalytic activity.Following ethanol vapor pretreatment,the reduced CrOx in the catalyst is readily re-oxidized to Cr^6＋ by CO2.The pretreated catalyst thus exhibits high activity during the propane dehydrogenation reaction by maintaining the active Cr^3＋ states.

Effect of pretreatment conditions on catalytic activity of Ag/SBA-15 catalyst for toluene oxidation

The catalytic oxidation of toluene over Ag/SBA‐15synthesized under different pretreatment conditions,including O2at500°C(denoted O500),H2at500°C(H500),and O2at500°C followed by H2at300°C(O500‐H300)was studied.The pretreated samples were investigated by N2physisorption,X‐ray diffraction,and ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflectance.The pretreatment atmosphere greatly influences the status of the Ag and O species,which in turn significantly impacts the adsorption and catalytic removal of toluene.Ag2O and amorphous Ag particles,as well as a large amount of subsurface oxygen species,are formed on O500,and the subsurface oxygen enhances the interaction between Ag species and toluene,so O500shows good activity at higher temperature.However,its activity at lower temperature is not as high as expected,with a reduced presence of Ag2O and lower adsorption capacity for toluene.H2pretreatment at500°C is conducive to the formation of large Ag particles and yields the largest adsorption capacity for toluene,so H500exhibits the best activity at lower temperatures;however,because of poor interaction between Ag and toluene,its activity at higher temperature is modest.The O500‐H300sample exhibits excellent catalytic activity during the whole reaction process,which can be attributed to the small and highly dispersed Ag nanoparticles as well as the existence of subsurface oxygen.

Rapid synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite catalyst for amination of ethanolamine

ZSM-5 zeolite was rapidly synthesized in system containing ethylenediamine from the initial gel: (5?8) Na2O: 44 EDA:Al2O3:100 SiO2:4000 H2O. The crystals were lath-shaped. The effect of pretreatment and alkalinity on crystallinity was investigated. The pretreatment of silicate source can cut down the crystallization time. Tuning the system alkalinity and controlling crystallization time can ensure forming of pure crystal.

On the role of cobalt carbidization in higher alcohol synthesis over hydrotalcite-based Co-Cu catalysts

Co-Cu-based catalysts are widely applied in higher alcohol synthesis (HAS) from synthesis gas. Although the nature of the active sites is still not fully understood, the formation of Co2C under HAS conditions seems to play a major role. A CO pretreatment procedure was developed allowing a systematic investigation of the influence of cobalt carbidization on the structural properties and catalytic performance of the catalysts. By exposing the catalyst to a CO-containing atmosphere prior to HAS, Co enrichment of the catalyst surface occurred followed by carbide formation. This surface modification decreased the formation of hydrocarbons and enhanced the formation of C2+OH. The catalyst pretreated with CO at 20 bar achieved the highest selectivity to ethanol and the lowest hydrocarbon selectivity.

Catalytic properties of CuO/Sn_(0.9)Ti_(0.1)O_2 and CuO/Sn_(0.7)Ti_(0.3)O_2 in NO+CO reaction

Using SnxTi1-xO2 as carriers, CuO/Sn0.9Zi0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 catalysts with different loading amounts of copper oxide （CuO） were prepared by an impregnation method. The catalytic properties of CuO/Sn0.9Ti0.1O2 and CuO/Sn0.7Zi0.3O2 were examined using a microreactor-gas chromatography （GC） NO＋CO reaction system and the methods of BET （Brun- auer-Emmett-Teller）, TG-DTA （themogravimetric and differential thermal analysis）, X-ray diffraction （XRD） and H2-temperature programmed reduction （TPR）. The results showed that NO conversions of Sn0.9Zi0.1O2 and Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 were 47.2% and 43.6% respectively, which increased to 95.3% and 90.9% at 6 wt% CuO loading. However, further increase in CuO loading caused a decrease in the catalytic activity. The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm and pore-size distribution curve of Sn0.9Zi0.1O2 and Sn0.7Ti0.3O2 represented type IV of the BDDT （Brunauer, Deming, Deming and Teller） system and a typical mesoporous sample. There were two CuO diffraction peaks （2θ 35.5° and 38.7°）, and the diffraction peak areas increased with increasing CuO loading. TPR analysis also detected three peaks （α, β and γ） from the CuO-loaded catalysts, suggesting that the α peak was the reduction of the highly dispersed copper oxide, the β peak was the reduction of the isolated copper oxide, and the y peak was the reduction of crystal phase copper oxide. In addition, a fourth peak （5） of the catalysts meant that the SnxTi1-xO2 mixed oxides could be reductive.