Measurement factors of pollutants inside vehicle

The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.

黑龙江省医疗机构压力蒸汽灭菌质量监测评价

目的对黑龙江省医疗机构压力蒸汽灭菌器灭菌效果进行监测,为压力蒸汽灭菌质量监测和管理工作提供依据。方法按照全国医院消毒与感染控制监测方案的要求,2012-2016年对黑龙江省监测点医院压力蒸汽灭菌质量进行监测,对不同监测项目合格率进行统计分析。结果 2012-2016年共监测129台次压力蒸汽灭菌器,总体监测合格率为75.19%,物理、生物和化学监测合格率分别为76.74%、98.45%和100.00%。2012-2014年,灭菌温度、灭菌时间、生物监测和化学监测合格率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。消毒供应中心、手术室、口腔科监测合格率分别为83.51%、25.00%和75.00%。分别监测下排气式、预排气式和正压脉动排气式灭菌器15台次、95台次和19台次,正压脉动排气式灭菌器物理监测合格率最低(42.11%),与下排气式和预排气式灭菌器监测合格率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=13.021,P<0.05),下排气式灭菌器生物监测合格率最低(93.33%);预排气式和正压脉动排气式灭菌器物理监测、生物监测和化学监测合格率之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),正压脉动排气式灭菌器灭菌温度和灭菌时间监测合格率最低,分别为63.16%和47.37%。结论手术室灭菌器监测合格率较低,正压脉动排气式灭菌器物理监测合格率较低。医院应加强压力蒸汽灭菌效果监测,医院感染管理部门应定期根据国家相关标准要求,对消毒供应中心和其他配备灭菌器的部门专业人员进行相应培训,保证压力蒸汽灭菌质量。