深厚含水围岩预锚注初期支护的圆洞力学模型及其开挖安全分析

为解决深部地下工程面临的高水压支护设计和施工方面的理论难题,提出基于预锚注初期支护的高水压圆洞力学模型。首先,将岩土力学“流固耦合”原理应用于预锚注支护下开挖卸载力学模型的解析,获得应力场、位移场、渗流场的解析求解表达式,并通过有限元数值解对解析解的正确性进行验证;其次,图形化展示径筋支护参数对初期支护区围岩的应力场的影响规律;最后,基于最大有效剪应力求解和Hoek-Brown岩体破坏准则,诠释采用预锚注支护来确保洞体安全开挖的原理,揭示径筋参数、洞口直径对开挖卸载安全的影响规律。结果表明:1)解析解与数值解的规律基本一致;2)预锚注初期支护可从2方面提高开挖后围岩的安全性,一是通过增大围岩径向应力以降低洞边固体有效剪应力,二是通过提高岩体完整性使得围岩屈服面外扩增大;3)径筋参数对承载安全的影响程度由大至小依次为径筋直径、径筋数量、径筋长度;4)径筋锚注支护作用获得的安全系数随着洞径的增大而逐渐降低。

20T级预应力锚杆在黑河枢纽电站滑塌坡面中的应用

黑河水利枢纽工程水电站滑塌坡面20T级预应力锚，在预锚施工前先对其坡面进行造孔、孔内进行固结灌浆；然后扫孔、锚杆安装、内锚段灌浆、焊接锚墩受力钢板浇筑锚墩混凝土、张拉、外锚段灌浆、锚墩防腐处理，从而确保该坡面在预锚后发挥其稳定性、安全性。

Characteristics of stress distribution in floor strata and control of roadway stability under coal pillars

Given the difficulties encountered in roadway support under coal pillars,we studied the characteristics of stress distribution and their effect on roadway stability,using theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.The results show that,under a coal pillar,vertical stress in a floor stratum increases while horizontal stress decreases.We conclude that the increased difference between vertical and horizontal stress is an important reason for deformation of the surrounding rock and failures of roadways under coal pillars.Based on this,we propose control technologies of the surrounding rock of a roadway under a coal pillar,such as high strength and high pre-stressed bolt support,cable reinforcement support single hydraulic prop with beam support and reinforcement by grouting of the surrounding rock,which have been successfully applied in a stability control project of a roadway under a coal pillar.

High prestress truss cable support principle and its application in large cross section coal roadway

With the enlarge of cross section of roadway, the radius of plastic area and broken area increase, and the tensile stress and shear stress distributing in roof coal-rock layers relevantly increase, which induce support effect not obvious for ordinary bolt（cable）. While bounding point and support structure of the truss cable is in vertex angle of roadway, and supplies coal-rock layers in bounding area with the horizontal and vertical pressure, so it settles the support problems in large cross section coal roadway. From the point of view of mechanics, gave emphasis on the invalid mechanics of ordinary bolt （cable） in large cross section coal roadway and supported mechanics of prestress truss cable. The author successfully used this technique in Wuyang Mine, and had the huge economic efficiency and the social benefit.

Mechanism and practice of rock control in deep large span cut holes

Deep large span cut holes are difficult to stabilize. The 7801 cut hole in the Lu'an Wuyang Mine was used as this project's background. The main factors affecting large span cut hole stability are analyzed. Pre- stressed bolting theory was used to design a roof control method for a large span roadway. By reducing the span and applying equal strength coordinated supports the rock could be stabilized. The control prin- ciples and methods are given herein along with the analysis. A double micro arch cross section roadway is defined and its use in solving the current problem is described. Beam arch theory was used to build a model of the double micro arch cross section roadway. A support reverse force model for the arch foot intersection was also derived. A support method based upon reducing the width of the large span in the cut hole is presented. These results show that the reduced span of the roadway roof plus the use of cable anchors and single supports gives an effective way to control the large span cut hole. On site monitoring showed that the reduced span support from the double micro arch cross section roadway design had a significant effect. The roadway surface displacement was small and harmful deformation of the cut hole was effectively controlled. This will ensure its long term stability.

Analysis of alternatives for using cable bolts as primary support at two low-seam coal mines

Cable bolts are sometimes used in low-seam coal mines to provide support in difficult ground conditions.This paper describes cable bolting solutions at two low-seam coal mines in similar ground conditions.Both mines used support systems incorporating cable bolts as part of the primary support system.Two original cable bolt based support systems as well as two modified systems are evaluated to estimate their ability to prevent large roof falls. One of the support systems incorporated passive cable bolts,while the other used pre-tensioned cable bolts. The results and experience at the mines showed that the modified systems provided improved stability over the original support systems. The presence of the cable bolts is the most important contribution to stability against large roof falls,rather than the details of the support pattern. It was also found that a heavy steel channel can improve the safety of the system because of the ‘sling' action it provides. Additionally,the analysis showed that fully-grouted rebar bolts load much earlier than the cable bolts,and pre-tensioning of the cable bolts can result in a more uniform distribution of loading in the roof.

Characterization of tensile and shear loading on indented PC-strand cable bolts

The tensile and shear strength of intrinsic bolting support systems has always been a major concern of designers. A comprehensive laboratory testing program was designed to evaluate the tensile and shear strength of individual wires and completely wound PC-strand cables. PC-strand cables with smooth wires and the recent anchorage enhancement innovation of indentation were evaluated and compared. The testing protocol detailed in ISO Standard 15630 utilizes a mandrel system that was investigated at 3different diameters which alters the wire to mandrel ratio from 2:1 to 9:1. The results demonstrate that the difference between smooth and indented wires is statistically insignificant when larger diameter mandrels are used,and that indentation does not adversely affect strand properties and performance.Insight into the shearing mechanism and evaluation techniques are discussed with the introduction of triaxial loading to describe the PC-strand tensile and shearing mechanisms. Another important result indicates that the shear strength of PC-strand cable bolting systems has a greater shear strength value than traditional steel bar bolting systems.

Research on Stability Calculation Methods for Grillage Supporting Structure with Pre-stressed Anchor

Aiming at prestressed anchor cable frame in the presence of reinforcement landslide problem, through the selection of test points, the paper study and tested soil pressure, frame internal force and prestress losses under prestressed anchor cable frame beam, reveal the law of internal force distribution, and provides a theory basis for the rational design of prestressed anchor cable in landslide.