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工字钢梁的焊接工艺与应用 被引量:1
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作者 张亮 《同煤科技》 2009年第2期27-29,共3页
主要介绍了制造工字钢梁时出现的一些问题及所采取的措施和工艺方法,重点是施焊前焊机参数的选用和焊接时为了预防钢结构变形所采取的措施,即热矫形和机械矫形。
关键词 焊接 工字钢梁焊接 焊接工艺 焊接变形 预防矫形 焊机参数
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Chinese Orthopedic Surgeons' Practice Regarding Postoperative Thromboembolic Prophylaxis after Major Orthopedic Surgery
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作者 Zhi-jian Sun Gui-xing Qiu +2 位作者 Xi-sheng Weng Yu Zhao Jin Jin 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2012年第3期141-146,共6页
Objective To assess Chinese surgeon practice of thromboprophylaxis following major orthopedic surgery. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst Chinese orthopedic surgeons. A total of 293 surgeons were sur... Objective To assess Chinese surgeon practice of thromboprophylaxis following major orthopedic surgery. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted amongst Chinese orthopedic surgeons. A total of 293 surgeons were surveyed concerning five key aspects of thromboembolic prophylaxis after major orthopedic surgery at the proseminar of Chinese guidelines for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after major orthopedic surgery in January of 2009. Results Totally, 208 surgeons (71.0%) responded, successfully completing the questionnaire. Of them, 57.6% respondents selected combined basic, mechanical, and pharmacologic methods for thromboprophylaxis; 51.0% respondents prefer starting prophylaxis 12-24 hours after surgery; 60.3% surgeons would use chemoprophylaxis for 7-10 days; 47.6% respondents prefer VTE prevention based on patients' special conditions and needs upon discharge. "Safety" was the most repeated and emphasized factor during VTE prophylaxis. Conclusions Multimodal thromboprophylaxis is frequently used after major orthopedic surgery. Half surgeons prefer to start chemoprophylaxis 12-24 hours after surgery. Thromboprophylaxis regimen varies for discharged patients. 展开更多
关键词 venous thromboembolism major orthopedic surgery survey THROMBOPROPHYLAXIS
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Prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in orthopedic surgery 被引量:4
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作者 刘林涛 马宝通 《Chinese Journal of Traumatology》 CAS 2006年第4期249-256,共8页
Venous thromboembolism ( VTE), which is manifested as deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) and pulmonary embolism (PE), represents a significant cause of death, disability, and discomfort. They are frequent complication... Venous thromboembolism ( VTE), which is manifested as deep vein thrombosis ( DVT ) and pulmonary embolism (PE), represents a significant cause of death, disability, and discomfort. They are frequent complications of various surgical procedures. The aging population and the survival of more severely injured patients may suggest an increasing risk of thromboembolism in the trauma patients. Expanded understanding of the population at risk challenges physicians to carefully examine risk factors for VTE to identify high-risk patients who can benefit from prophylaxis. An accurate knowledge of evidence-based risk factors is important in predicting and preventing postoperative DVT, and can be incorporated into a decision support system for appropriate thromboprophylaxis use. Standard use of DVT prophylaxis in a high-risk trauma population leads to a low incidence of DVT. The incidence of VTE is common in Asia. The evaluation includes laboratory tests, Doppler test and phlebography. Screening Doppler sonography should be performed for surveillance on all critically injured patients to identify DVT. D-Dimer is a useful marker to monitor prophylaxis in trauma surgery patients. The optimal time to start prophylaxis is between 2 hours before and 10 hours after surgery, but the risk of PE continues for several weeks. Thromboprophylaxis includes graduated compression stockings and anticoagulants for prophylaxis. Anticoagulants include Warfarin, which belongs to Vitamin K antagonists, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparins, factor Xa indirect inhibitor Fondaparinux, and the oral Ha inhibitor Melagatran and ximelagatran. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodunn is a new and highly effective antithrombotic agent. Prophylactic placement of vena caval filters in selected trauma patients may decrease the incidence of PE. The indications for prophylactic inferior vena cava filter insertion include prolonged immobilization with multiple injuries, closed head injury, pelvic fracture, spine fracture, multiple long bone fracture, and attending discretion. Multlple-trauma patients are at increased risk for DVT but are also at increased risk of bleeding, and the use of heparin may be contraindicated. Serial compression devices (SCDs) are an alternative for DVT prophylaxis. Compression devices provide adequate DArT prophylaxis with a low failure rate and no device-related complications. Immobilization is one of important reasons of VTE. The ambulant patient is far less likely to develop complications of inactivity, not only venous thrombosis, but also contractures, decubitns ulcers, or osteoporosis (with its associated fatigue fractures), as well as bowel or bladder complications. 展开更多
关键词 Venous thromboembolism ORTHOPEDICS PROPHYLAXIS
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