颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后持续颅内监测及护理

目的:研究颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后持续颅内监测的应用及护理。方法:选取2012年2月-2014年2月期间,在本院选取40例动脉瘤术后患者进行持续颅内监测,并且随机分为对照组和研究组,每组各20例,对照组患者采用常规的常规护理,研究组患者采用优质护理的方法。结果:颅内动脉瘤患者在采用术后持续颅内监测的方法后,患者的身体状况恢复良好,研究组患者对优质护理的满意度90%明显高于对照组患者对常规护理的满意度75%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后对患者进行持续的颅内监测和优质护理,有利于临床治疗,有效的减少并发症的出现。

有创、无创ICP监测对重型颅脑损伤患者术后治疗的指导作用

目的 观察有创颅内压（ICP）监测对重型颅脑损伤（STBI）患者术后治疗的指导作用.方法 将142例STBI患者随机分为观察组及对照组各71例,两组均行颅内血肿清除术.观察组采用颅内监测探头置入术ICP监测,对照组采用闪光视觉诱发电位进行无创性ICP动态监测.在常规止血、防治上消化道出血等治疗的同时,如ICP＞ 15 mmHg超过30 min,即用20％甘露醇脱水,同时予镇静,保持呼吸道通畅,抬高头位30°,每日补液量2000～2 500 mL,有创颅内压监护同时引流脑脊液.如ICP继续升高,＞30mmHg,多提示颅内血肿增加或发生了较严重的脑水肿,应及时复查CT并做相应处理.观察两组甘露醇应用时间、剂量及术后第1、3、5天的ICP变化.结果 观察组甘露醇平均应用时间为7d,平均剂量为1 125 g；对照组分别为12 d、1 420 g,两组比较P均＜0.05.与对照组比较,观察组术后第3、5天ICP水平减低（P均＜0.05）.结论 有创ICP监测能准确反映STBI患者术后ICP变化,有助于指导临床用药.

CT引导下立体定向梯度减压术在重度脑出血术中的应用

目的:探讨CT引导下立体定位梯度减压术在重度脑出血手术治疗中的临床疗效。方法:选取重度脑出血患者129例,按收治时间将其分为治疗组(66例)和对照组(63例)。治疗组采用梯度减压法手术;对照组采用标准大骨瓣开颅术。所有患者均在CT引导立体定位下确定手术路径,采用格拉斯哥昏迷评分(GOS)预后评分进行评估,比较两组的GOS评分结果。结果:两组相比治疗组恢复良好率高于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(x2=5.97,P<0.05);病死率低于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(x2=4.58,P<0.05);手术并发症,治疗组脑膨出、迟发性血肿发生率均低于对照组,其差异有统计学意义(x2=5.21,4.01;P<0.05)。结论:CT引导立体定位梯度减压术能有效提高重度脑出血患者的手术疗效,且可降低术中、术后并发症,对改善患者预后具有积极的意义。

重型颅脑损伤术中颅压监护仪降低脑膨出及脑梗死发生率

目的:研究接受重型颅脑损伤术治疗的患者在手术治疗过程中应用颅压监护仪对脑膨出以及脑梗死发生率的降低效果。方法:数据取自本院2020年1月~2022年12月收治的40例重型颅脑损伤术治疗患者,所有患者均应用该手术治疗,20例患者并未应用颅压监测仪为对照组,20例患者应用颅压监测仪为观察组,对比两组患者的脑膨出发生率与脑梗死发生率。结果:观察组患者的脑膨出发生率和脑梗死发生率均较对照组显著降低(P<0.05)。此外,观察组患者相比对照组患者使用了更少的甘露醇剂量,并且使用时间更短,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用颅压监护仪可以在重型颅脑损伤术中降低脑膨出和脑梗死的发生率,可以更好地控制病情的发展,提高手术治疗效果。

Management of patients with severe traumatic brain injury guided by intraventricular intracranial pressure monitoring： a report of 136 cases

Objective： To evaluate the effect of the treatment modality guided by intraventricular intracranial pressure （ICP） monitoring on patients with severe traumatic brain injury （TBI）. Methods： The clinical data of a group of 136 severely brain-injured patients admitted to Shanghai Neurosurgical Emergency Center from December 2004 to February 2006 were studied. Results： The intraventricular ICP monitor was placed in all the 136 patients via Kocher＇s pathway, Paine＇s pathway or intraoperative opened ventricle. In this series, the probe was placed during the procedure of craniotomy in 98 patients; for other 38 patients, the probe was placed initially to measure or to monitor ICE A stepwise protocol targeting at ICP control （420 mm Hg） and optimal cerebral perfusion pressure （CPP） maintenance （60-90 mm Hg） was deployed.Among them, 76 patients survived with good recovery, 14 with moderate disability, 24 with severe disability, 10 with vegetative state, and 12 died. Complications associated with intraventricular ICP monitoring included hemorrhage and infection. Hemorrhage occurred in 1 patient and infection in 5 patients. There were no unacceptable complications related to ICP monitoring. Conclusions： Ventricular access for 1CP monitoring can be safely and accurately achieved. ICP monitoring via ventriculostomy may facilitate an early and accurate intervention for severely brain-injured patients. The intraventricular ICP monitoring is a low-risk procedure and can yield great benefits for management of patients with severe TBI.

Relationship between surgical time and postoperative complications in senile patients with hip fractures

Objective：To elucidate the relationship between surgical time and postoperative complications in senile patients with hip fractures, and try to find out other factors which are related to these complications.Methods： Sixty-two patients, 28 males aged from 65 to 72 years with a mean age of 76.3 years and 34 females aged from 65 to 95 years with a mean age of 78.1 years, who had undergone orthopedic surgery because of hip fractures,were enrolled in a retrospective cohort study. The surgical time and pattern, the type of fracture, preoperative comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists （ASA） score and the volume of blood transfusion during operation were obtained from these patients who were followed up by telephone calls for postoperative complications.All the patients were followed up at least for 1 year and were divided into subgroups according to their clinical characteristics and the results were analyzed by the Statistical Analysis System software.Results：There was no significant difference in the morbidity of postoperative eomplications with the gender,age,surgical time and pattern,or ASA score. There was significant difference in the morbidity of postoperative complications related to preoperative comorbidities and the volume of blood transfusion. There was a significant causality between preoperative comorbidities and postoperative complications. The morbidity of postoperative complications was 1.651 times higher in patients with preoperative comorbidities than those without.Conclusions：There is no relationship between the surgical time and postoperative complications in senile patients who received surgery for hip fracture within 1 year.No correlation is found between the postoperative complications and gender,age,type of fracture, surgical pattern,ASA score and the volume of blood transfusion. Preoperative comorbidities are an independent predictor for postoperative complications.

Zero drift of intraventricular and subdural intracranial pressure monitoring systems

Objective： To assess zero drift of intra- ventricular and subdural intracranial pressure （ICP） moni- toring systems. Methods： A prospective study was conducted in pa- tients who received Codman ICP monitoring in the neuro- surgical department from January 2010 to December 2011. According to the location of sensors, the patients were ca- tegorized into two groups： intraventricular group and sub- dural group. Zero drift between the two groups and its as- sociation with the duration of ICP monitor were analyzed. Results： Totally, 22 patients undergoing intraven- tricular ICP monitoring and 27 receiving subdural ICP moni- toring were enrolled. There was no significant difference in duration of ICP monitoring, zero drift value and its absolute value between intraventricular and subdural groups （5.38 d± 2.58 d vs 4.58 d.±2.24 d, 0.77 mmHg±2.18 mmHg vs 1.03 mmHg±2.06mmHg, 1.68 mmHg~.l.55 mmHgvs 1.70mmHg.t_l.53 mmHg, respectively; all P〉0.05）. Absolute value of zero drift in both groups significantly rose with the increased duration of ICP monitoring （P〈0.05） while zero drift value did not. Moreover, daily absolute value in the intraventricular group was sig- nificantly smaller than that in the subdural group （0.27 mm Hg_＋ 0.32 mm Hg vs 0.29 mm Hg_-_＊0.18 mm Hg, P〈0.05）. Conclusion： This study demonstrates that absolute value of zero drift significantly correlates with duration of both intraventricular and subdural ICP monitoring. Due to the smaller daily absolute value, ICP values recorded from intraventficular system may be more reliable than those from subdural system.