Each directed graph with the asymmetric costs defined over its arcs,can be represented by a table,which we call an expansion table.The basic properties of cycles and spanning tables of the expansion table correspondin...Each directed graph with the asymmetric costs defined over its arcs,can be represented by a table,which we call an expansion table.The basic properties of cycles and spanning tables of the expansion table corresponding to the cycles and spanning trees of the directed graph is first explored.An algorithm is then derived to find a minimum spanning table corresponding to a minimum spanning tree in the directed graph.Finally,how to use the algorithm to find the optimal expansion of competence set and related problems are discussed.展开更多
In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders＇ effectiveness and performance, and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on th...In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders＇ effectiveness and performance, and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on the method of comparing differences and ratio of divergence to evaluate leaders＇ performance by stage statistics. This paper illustrates how to evaluate Comprehensive Efficiency （CE） based on Scientific Development Outlook, which reflects overall development of enterprise leaders＇ performance, depends on measuring Output Efficiency Index （OEI） and Cost Efficiency Index （CEI） of enterprise leaders＇ performance, and adopts the C^2R model in Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）.展开更多
Women in Kenya are underrepresented in decision-making positions, which appears as a remnant of persisting cultural gender roles that limit women from participating in activities critical for personal, societal, and n...Women in Kenya are underrepresented in decision-making positions, which appears as a remnant of persisting cultural gender roles that limit women from participating in activities critical for personal, societal, and national development. Such retrogressive ideas regarding a large number of the country＇s citizens have to be addressed early in the life of a girl to build in girls＇ self-esteem and facilitate them to develop leadership skills. This study investigated the extent to which girls in primary schools in Voi sub-county are involved in leadership in their schools. The study was based on the 2010 Kenya＇s constitution which ruled that no more than two-thirds of elected or appointed public institutions leaders should consist of one gender. The new legal framework seeks to break down the barriers women face in realizing their political, civil, economic, and social rights. It also ensures that women are involved in decision-making at all levels of government. In this study, data was collected from three mixed primary schools in Voi sub-county given codes A, B, and C. School A had a total of 470 pupils; 225 were boys and 245 were girls and the school had 21 leadership positions. The findings showed that the majority 14 （66.7%） of the leadership positions were occupied by boys while the few 7 （33.3%） were occupied by girls. In school B, there were a total of 1,056 pupils; 498 were boys and 558 were girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority of the positions 7 （53.8 %） were occupied by boys and minority 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In school C, there were a total of 1,450 pupils and 680 were boys and 770 girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority 7 （53.8%） of the positions were occupied by boys while 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In all the schools, there were more girls than boys but boys occupied more leadership positions than girls. Boys also took senior positions and girls were their deputies and were not as active as boys in areas such as class discussions and debate. It was recommended that conscious effort should be made to develop leadership skills in girls during their formative years.展开更多
＂People-oriented＂ is the core of the scientific concept of development, it is to carry out and implement the scientific concept of development which is reflected in the field of education, ideological and political ...＂People-oriented＂ is the core of the scientific concept of development, it is to carry out and implement the scientific concept of development which is reflected in the field of education, ideological and political education is to improve the effectiveness of a powerful guarantee. In this paper, in-depth analysis and in view of the meaning of ideological and political education of people text, we combine with the particularity of the ideological and political education, and propose practical measures to promote the stable development of the ideological and political education.展开更多
The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduc...The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.展开更多
＂Core competence＂ has been introduced to the field of education in the early twenty-first century and directly points to teachers. In college, teacher＇s core competence is their ability to integrate different aspec...＂Core competence＂ has been introduced to the field of education in the early twenty-first century and directly points to teachers. In college, teacher＇s core competence is their ability to integrate different aspects of knowledge and capacities, as well as keep continuous advantages in competitions. Core competence is the core and nature of teacher＇s professional competition. Therefore, cultivating and strengthening their core competence is the key to promote their professional development.展开更多
The western region＇ s economy is relatively backward industrial areas to promote the economic development of the weaker. The western region has rich tourism resources, but also its ecological extremely fragile. There...The western region＇ s economy is relatively backward industrial areas to promote the economic development of the weaker. The western region has rich tourism resources, but also its ecological extremely fragile. Therefore, to promote eco-tourism to the economic development of the western region is a better choice. Author from the western region starts the problems with the development of eco-tourism, and proposes some correlation countermeasures.展开更多
Whether industrialization and environmental protection can coexist has always been controversial theoretical question. On this topic, the protected watershed area of Xixia County provides an interesting case study. 91...Whether industrialization and environmental protection can coexist has always been controversial theoretical question. On this topic, the protected watershed area of Xixia County provides an interesting case study. 91% of Xixia County＇s 3,15 7 square kilometers, which belongs to Nanyang City of Henan Province and is located in the protected water source area of the country＇s South-to-North Water Diversion Project, is designated water source protection zones. Driven by the need to protect these resources, Xixia County has made remarkable achievements in the field of environmental protection. Simultaneously, the county s economy has also made significant progress. In addition to its favorable geography and natural resources, Xixia County derives its successful environmental protection practices from the following factors： first, a series of environmental protection policies issued by the central government; second, Xixia County＇s emphasis on environmental protection; and third, local businesses＇ efforts to protect the environment. Xixia＇s experience has demonstrated that environmental protection can be successfully balanced with economic development when local industrial development generates resources that contribute to favorable environmental programs.展开更多
The sustainable development supposes a development strategy that would ensure the interdependence and complementarily of objectives from the social, economic and environmental fields. The degree of priority establishe...The sustainable development supposes a development strategy that would ensure the interdependence and complementarily of objectives from the social, economic and environmental fields. The degree of priority established for the three dimensions of sustainable development differs from one country to another, a fact that confers a national and local meaning to this issue. For the Central and Eastern European countries, balanced economic development represents one of the fundamental objectives of the reforms started in 1990. Education represents a priority of any country＇s economic development and an extremely important element of economic growth. This paper presents the characteristics of the Romanian educational system while achieving a comparative analysis regarding different countries of the European Union, both from a quantitative viewpoint （using the main indicators in the education field） and a qualitative viewpoint （using student performances in international evaluations）. In the end, we present some proposals for the improvement of the present state of the Romanian educational system.展开更多
This paper mainly discusses leadership soft skills, which comprise of collaboration or teamwork, communication skills, initiative, leadership ability, people development or coaching, personal effectiveness or personal...This paper mainly discusses leadership soft skills, which comprise of collaboration or teamwork, communication skills, initiative, leadership ability, people development or coaching, personal effectiveness or personal mastery, planning and organizing, and presentation skills. Leaders need to be masters of soft skills because leadership is determined by those who can demonstrate their ability to drive an organization toward excellence and results. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge and literature in leadership soft skills for educational leaders in higher education institutions. In addition, this paper also provides exposure to administrators to understand the importance of leadership soft skills besides highlighting the two relevant models. Furthermore, it also provides an advantage to administrators in developing high quality interpersonal relationships with the people who they associate with in promoting positive working environment. Leadership soft skills can be seen as providing a vital contribution for organizations and administrators in the process of developing of quality human resource.展开更多
Titanium alloys have been used extensively in industry fields including aviation,aerospace and automobile due to their excellent comprehensive properties.Research and development of advanced plastic forming technology...Titanium alloys have been used extensively in industry fields including aviation,aerospace and automobile due to their excellent comprehensive properties.Research and development of advanced plastic forming technology are of great importance to manufacturing titanium products of high performance and lightweight with low cost and short cycle.This paper analyzes the development tendencies of titanium alloy forming technology.Recent achievements in precision forming,microstructure control and multi-scale simulation of titanium alloys are reviewed.The forming techniques of large-sale integral complex components are presented.展开更多
The quality of principals is pivotal for quality education.It is only through continuing professional development(CPD)that principals can further enhance professionalism.In this study,both quantitative and qualitative...The quality of principals is pivotal for quality education.It is only through continuing professional development(CPD)that principals can further enhance professionalism.In this study,both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the responses of 194 principals and vice-principals.The research findings show that Hong Kong region principals are facing challenges posed by ever-changing school environments of the 21st century and educational reforms.Based on this study,implications for future continuing professional development of principals in Hong Kong region are speculated.展开更多
The trees in urban landscapes, independent of whether they are in urban forests or stand alone,can improve environment quality, enhance individual and community well-being, provide a wide range ofservices to individua...The trees in urban landscapes, independent of whether they are in urban forests or stand alone,can improve environment quality, enhance individual and community well-being, provide a wide range ofservices to individuals and communities, and produce a more healthful and comfortable environment forthe vast majority of the population. Knowledge of the potential significance of trees in urban landscapesis expanding rapidly as research continues to document the important role that urban forests and trees canplay in improving the quality of urban life. The environmental conditions in urban landscapes are, however,very different from the natural conditions that the tree species are adapted to. This poses big challenges tothe urban forestry in its efforts to create healthy and valuable trees in urban landscapes. Only throughimplementing some important measures we can ensure high survival rate of saplings and well-being andlongevity of urban trees.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.79870 0 30 )
文摘Each directed graph with the asymmetric costs defined over its arcs,can be represented by a table,which we call an expansion table.The basic properties of cycles and spanning tables of the expansion table corresponding to the cycles and spanning trees of the directed graph is first explored.An algorithm is then derived to find a minimum spanning table corresponding to a minimum spanning tree in the directed graph.Finally,how to use the algorithm to find the optimal expansion of competence set and related problems are discussed.
文摘In former researches there are primary theoretical studies and qualitative analyses on enterprise leaders＇ effectiveness and performance, and there are a few studies on quantitative analyses which mostly relies on the method of comparing differences and ratio of divergence to evaluate leaders＇ performance by stage statistics. This paper illustrates how to evaluate Comprehensive Efficiency （CE） based on Scientific Development Outlook, which reflects overall development of enterprise leaders＇ performance, depends on measuring Output Efficiency Index （OEI） and Cost Efficiency Index （CEI） of enterprise leaders＇ performance, and adopts the C^2R model in Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）.
文摘Women in Kenya are underrepresented in decision-making positions, which appears as a remnant of persisting cultural gender roles that limit women from participating in activities critical for personal, societal, and national development. Such retrogressive ideas regarding a large number of the country＇s citizens have to be addressed early in the life of a girl to build in girls＇ self-esteem and facilitate them to develop leadership skills. This study investigated the extent to which girls in primary schools in Voi sub-county are involved in leadership in their schools. The study was based on the 2010 Kenya＇s constitution which ruled that no more than two-thirds of elected or appointed public institutions leaders should consist of one gender. The new legal framework seeks to break down the barriers women face in realizing their political, civil, economic, and social rights. It also ensures that women are involved in decision-making at all levels of government. In this study, data was collected from three mixed primary schools in Voi sub-county given codes A, B, and C. School A had a total of 470 pupils; 225 were boys and 245 were girls and the school had 21 leadership positions. The findings showed that the majority 14 （66.7%） of the leadership positions were occupied by boys while the few 7 （33.3%） were occupied by girls. In school B, there were a total of 1,056 pupils; 498 were boys and 558 were girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority of the positions 7 （53.8 %） were occupied by boys and minority 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In school C, there were a total of 1,450 pupils and 680 were boys and 770 girls. There were 13 leadership positions. The majority 7 （53.8%） of the positions were occupied by boys while 6 （46.2%） were occupied by girls. In all the schools, there were more girls than boys but boys occupied more leadership positions than girls. Boys also took senior positions and girls were their deputies and were not as active as boys in areas such as class discussions and debate. It was recommended that conscious effort should be made to develop leadership skills in girls during their formative years.
文摘＂People-oriented＂ is the core of the scientific concept of development, it is to carry out and implement the scientific concept of development which is reflected in the field of education, ideological and political education is to improve the effectiveness of a powerful guarantee. In this paper, in-depth analysis and in view of the meaning of ideological and political education of people text, we combine with the particularity of the ideological and political education, and propose practical measures to promote the stable development of the ideological and political education.
文摘The inter-urban competition seems to be of paramount importance for city-development today. The extensive reliance of competitiveness-oriented urban governance agendas on the knowledge-based, ＂new＂ economy, introduced the notion of ＂creativity＂ into discussion on the future of urban development. Though still on the margins of serious urban theory, the discourse on ＂creative cities＂ that emerged in the early 2000s, has already had massive influence on the ways in which cities are managed and transformed in Europe. After examination of how the competitiveness-oriented strategies based on creativity and related to the qualities of place increase cultural and social sustainability of urban transformation and development, this paper briefly rethinks the current urban development policy of the city of Sarajevo in relation to the notion of ＂place＂, by leaning on the contemporary European urban development paradigm. The conclusion points out that the sustainable increase of urban competitiveness in Sarajevo should be pursued by the development projects of urban transformation promoting creative knowledge sector, based on the inclusive cultural urban narratives related to places, thus assuring simultaneous growth of creative knowledge industries and preservation of diverse social geography.
文摘＂Core competence＂ has been introduced to the field of education in the early twenty-first century and directly points to teachers. In college, teacher＇s core competence is their ability to integrate different aspects of knowledge and capacities, as well as keep continuous advantages in competitions. Core competence is the core and nature of teacher＇s professional competition. Therefore, cultivating and strengthening their core competence is the key to promote their professional development.
文摘The western region＇ s economy is relatively backward industrial areas to promote the economic development of the weaker. The western region has rich tourism resources, but also its ecological extremely fragile. Therefore, to promote eco-tourism to the economic development of the western region is a better choice. Author from the western region starts the problems with the development of eco-tourism, and proposes some correlation countermeasures.
文摘Whether industrialization and environmental protection can coexist has always been controversial theoretical question. On this topic, the protected watershed area of Xixia County provides an interesting case study. 91% of Xixia County＇s 3,15 7 square kilometers, which belongs to Nanyang City of Henan Province and is located in the protected water source area of the country＇s South-to-North Water Diversion Project, is designated water source protection zones. Driven by the need to protect these resources, Xixia County has made remarkable achievements in the field of environmental protection. Simultaneously, the county s economy has also made significant progress. In addition to its favorable geography and natural resources, Xixia County derives its successful environmental protection practices from the following factors： first, a series of environmental protection policies issued by the central government; second, Xixia County＇s emphasis on environmental protection; and third, local businesses＇ efforts to protect the environment. Xixia＇s experience has demonstrated that environmental protection can be successfully balanced with economic development when local industrial development generates resources that contribute to favorable environmental programs.
文摘The sustainable development supposes a development strategy that would ensure the interdependence and complementarily of objectives from the social, economic and environmental fields. The degree of priority established for the three dimensions of sustainable development differs from one country to another, a fact that confers a national and local meaning to this issue. For the Central and Eastern European countries, balanced economic development represents one of the fundamental objectives of the reforms started in 1990. Education represents a priority of any country＇s economic development and an extremely important element of economic growth. This paper presents the characteristics of the Romanian educational system while achieving a comparative analysis regarding different countries of the European Union, both from a quantitative viewpoint （using the main indicators in the education field） and a qualitative viewpoint （using student performances in international evaluations）. In the end, we present some proposals for the improvement of the present state of the Romanian educational system.
文摘This paper mainly discusses leadership soft skills, which comprise of collaboration or teamwork, communication skills, initiative, leadership ability, people development or coaching, personal effectiveness or personal mastery, planning and organizing, and presentation skills. Leaders need to be masters of soft skills because leadership is determined by those who can demonstrate their ability to drive an organization toward excellence and results. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the body of knowledge and literature in leadership soft skills for educational leaders in higher education institutions. In addition, this paper also provides exposure to administrators to understand the importance of leadership soft skills besides highlighting the two relevant models. Furthermore, it also provides an advantage to administrators in developing high quality interpersonal relationships with the people who they associate with in promoting positive working environment. Leadership soft skills can be seen as providing a vital contribution for organizations and administrators in the process of developing of quality human resource.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Key Program of China(Grant No.50935007)the National Basic Re-search Program of China("973"Program)(Grant No.2010CB731701)the 111 Project(B08040)
文摘Titanium alloys have been used extensively in industry fields including aviation,aerospace and automobile due to their excellent comprehensive properties.Research and development of advanced plastic forming technology are of great importance to manufacturing titanium products of high performance and lightweight with low cost and short cycle.This paper analyzes the development tendencies of titanium alloy forming technology.Recent achievements in precision forming,microstructure control and multi-scale simulation of titanium alloys are reviewed.The forming techniques of large-sale integral complex components are presented.
文摘The quality of principals is pivotal for quality education.It is only through continuing professional development(CPD)that principals can further enhance professionalism.In this study,both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to analyze the responses of 194 principals and vice-principals.The research findings show that Hong Kong region principals are facing challenges posed by ever-changing school environments of the 21st century and educational reforms.Based on this study,implications for future continuing professional development of principals in Hong Kong region are speculated.
文摘The trees in urban landscapes, independent of whether they are in urban forests or stand alone,can improve environment quality, enhance individual and community well-being, provide a wide range ofservices to individuals and communities, and produce a more healthful and comfortable environment forthe vast majority of the population. Knowledge of the potential significance of trees in urban landscapesis expanding rapidly as research continues to document the important role that urban forests and trees canplay in improving the quality of urban life. The environmental conditions in urban landscapes are, however,very different from the natural conditions that the tree species are adapted to. This poses big challenges tothe urban forestry in its efforts to create healthy and valuable trees in urban landscapes. Only throughimplementing some important measures we can ensure high survival rate of saplings and well-being andlongevity of urban trees.
