基于牛顿迭代法的频不变响应阵设计

为了避免空间指向性随频率变化造成发射或接收信号失真,目标检测与分类用主动声呐常采用频不变响应阵.频域加权矢量的计算是设计频不变响应阵的关键技术.首先根据基阵对空间信号的接收模型给出频不变响应阵的定义,接着从描述基阵实际空间响应和预成空间响应之间差异的数学表达式出发,提出了频不变指数的概念,进而结合所研究问题的目标函数特性给出了利用牛顿迭代法获得实现频不变响应阵所需频域加权矢量的新算法.针对均匀线阵和圆弧阵所作的计算机仿真结果表明,新算法不但收敛速度快、计算精度高,而且不受基阵类型和阵元指向性的限制.

OFDM系统智能天线设计中的波束综合算法

基于自适应天线阵列理论,提出了一种新的可以应用于任意类型天线阵列的波束综合算法。根据与给定的参考波束的误差,引入虚拟干扰的概念,对目标波束图形状进行调整。应用本文提出的新算法,在主瓣和旁瓣位置都可以对波束进行有效的调节。最终获得阵列的最优权矢量,能够最小化目标波束图与参考波束图间的差异。理论分析与仿真结果表明与现有的同类算法相比,本算法能更有效地获得与参考波束基本相符的波束。在设计应用于OFDM智能天线系统时,通过对不同子载波频率上信号进行单独处理,利用该算法,进行波束综合,能够在整个有效频段,所有子载波上获得基本一致的阵列输出。

移动通信系统中的宽带智能天线技术

自适应信号处理是下一代高性能移动通信技术中一项重要的必不可少的技术。而宽带智能天线的自适应处理技术则是自适应技术中一个重要的研究分支。本文对无线通信中的智能天线自适应处理技术的发展和现状进行了介绍,针对宽带智能天线优化算法高复杂性,提出了一种新的基于频不变理论的波束优化,并对算法性能进行分析。

面向语音通信与交互的麦克风阵列波束形成方法

临境语音通信与智能语音交互都面临复杂声学环境中的远距离高保真拾音难题,解决这一难题的有效途径是使用由多个麦克风传感器组成的麦克风阵列或多通道拾音系统,这种系统的核心是信号处理,通过对空间采样的声场信息进行时、空、频三域的联合处理来实现声源定向/定位、信号增强、噪声抑制、混响抑制、声源分离、声场参数估计等功能。麦克风阵列信号处理的方法有很多,其中研究的最多、使用得最广的方法是波束形成。本文对麦克风阵列波束形成的原理、进展以及当前常用的方法进行简要综述,内容涵盖延迟求和、超指向、差分、正交级数展开、Kronecker和自适应波束形成方法。论文侧重于方法原理、机理和架构方面的探讨,具体的算法实现细节感兴趣的读者可以参考相应的文献。

ESPRIT-Based Feature Extraction of Helicopter Acoustic Signal

Aim To extract harmonic frequencies of helicopter acoustic signal as features for hel icopter identification. Methods Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques(ESPRIT) was selected to extract harmonic frequencies from really measured helicopter acoustic signal and an algorithm based on the SVD TLS was used. Results ESPRIT correctly extracted harmonic frequencies of helicopter using the data of limited length under the variousflight conditions. Conclusion ESPRIT is an effective method of extracting harmonic frequencies and using harmonic frequencies of helicopter acoustic signal to recognize helicopter is feasible.

Alterations in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-v-Akt pathway in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-vAkt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathway.METHODS:We analyzed 231 formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded gastric cancer tissue specimens from Japanese patients who had undergone surgical treatment.The patients' age,sex,tumor location,depth of invasion,pathological type,lymph node metastasis,and pathological stage were determined by a review of the medical records.Expression of HER2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry(IHC) using the HercepTest TM kit.Standard criteria for HER2 positivity(0,1+,2+,and 3+) were used.Tumors that scored 3+ were considered HER2-positive.Expression of phospho Akt(pAkt) was also analyzed by IHC.Tumors were considered pAkt-positive when the percentage of positive tumor cells was 10% or more.PI3K,catalytic,alpha polypeptide(PIK3CA) mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were analyzed by pyrosequencing.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection was analyzed by in situ hybridization targeting EBV-encoded small RNA(EBER) with an EBER-RNA probe.Microsatellite instability(MSI) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using the mononucleotide markers BAT25 and BAT26.RESULTS:HER2 expression levels of 0,1+,2+ and 3+ were found in 167(72%),32(14%),12(5%) and 20(8.7%) samples,respectively.HER2 overexpression(IHC 3+) significantly correlated with intestinal histological type(15/20 vs 98 /205,P = 0.05).PIK3CA mutations were present in 20 cases(8.7%) and significantly correlated with MSI(10/20 vs 9/211,P < 0.01).The mutation frequency was high(21%) in T4 cancers and very low(6%) in T2 cancers.Mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were detected in 5(2%),9(4%) and 7(3%) cases,respectively.Two new types of PIK3CA mutation,R88Q and R108H,were found in exon1.All PIK3CA mutations were heterozygous missense singlebase substitutions,the most common being H1047R(6/20,30%) in exon20.Eighteen cancers(8%) were EBV-positive and this positivity significantly correlated with a diffuse histological type(13/18 vs 93/198,P = 0.04).There were 7 cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas(LELC) and 6 of those cases were EBV-positive(percent/EBV:6/18,33%;percent/all LELC:6/7,86%).pAkt expression was positive in 119(53%) cases but showed no correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.pAkt expression was significantly correlated with HER2 overexpression(16/20 vs 103/211,P < 0.01) but not with PIK3CA mutations(12/20 vs 107/211,P = 0.37) or EBV infection(8/18 vs 103/211,P = 0.69).The frequency of pAkt expression was higher in cancers with exon20 mutations(100%) than in those with exon1(40%) or exon9(56%) mutations.One case showed both HER2 overexpression and EBV infection and 3 cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection.However,no cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and HER2 overexpression.One EBVpositive cancer with PIK3CA mutation(H1047R) was MSI-positive.Three of these 4 cases were positive for pAkt expression.In survival analysis,pAkt expression significantly correlated with a poor prognosis(hazard ratio 1.75;95%CI:1.12-2.80,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION:HER2 expression,PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection in gastric cancer were characterized.pAkt expression significantly correlates with HER2 expression and with a poor prognosis.