扣件胶垫阻尼的频变性对地铁隧道环境振动的影响

以地铁隧道内常使用的DT VI2型扣件为研究对象,采用车辆—轨道垂向耦合随机振动频域分析模型与有限元谱分析模型组合求解法,研究扣件胶垫阻尼的频变性对地铁隧道环境振动的影响。结果表明:与常量的扣件胶垫阻尼相比,随频率变化的扣件胶垫阻尼对地铁隧道环境低频振动影响很小,但会增大其分频最大振级,同时还会降低其分频最大振级以上频带内的振动水平,并且随着频率的持续提高,振动级的下降幅度也会越来越大;尽管可以通过单纯降低胶垫阻尼系数提高地铁隧道环境振动频域的预测精度,但难以保证对各频段振级均有较高的预测精度,因此,如不考虑扣件胶垫阻尼的频变性,易低估地铁隧道环境振动的分频最大振级,同时会高估主频段以上的振动水平。

土壤电参数频变性对接地体有效长度的影响分析

接地装置冲击特性是影响输电线路耐雷水平和雷击跳闸率的重要因素.将电力系统接地分析软件CDEGS中的快速傅里叶变换模块FFTSES和电磁场频域分析模块HIFREQ相结合,通过引入Visacro-Alipio土壤频变公式,建立可以考虑土壤电参数频变性的接地装置冲击特性的数值计算模型.利用所建模型重点仿真分析不同土壤电阻率和不同冲击电流波形下土壤电参数频变特性对接地装置有效长度的影响情况.仿真数据分析表明,考虑土壤频变性时接地装置的有效长度与不考虑土壤频变性时的有效长度相比有一定减小,并且在高土壤电阻率下减小程度更明显.

考虑土壤时变性与频变性的接地体冲击特性研究

发生雷击故障时,接地体起到泄放故障电流的作用。由于雷电流幅值与瞬时频率均随注入时间快速变化,在雷电流作用下注流点附近土壤电气参数同时呈现时变性和频变性,忽略土壤的时变性和频变性会给接地体的冲击阻抗计算带来误差。针对土壤的频变性,通过希尔伯特黄变换对雷电流作时频域分解,用Viascro-Alipio土壤频变公式对土壤电阻率、介电常数等频变参数进行修正;针对土壤的时变性,将接地体分段,计算各段随时间变化的火花放电区域等效半径,建立了考虑土壤时变性和频变性的接地体暂态模型,并与文献真型试验结果对比验证其有效性。通过模型分析土壤频变性的影响,发现土壤电气参数的频变性会使接地体的冲击阻抗有所下降,在土壤电阻率高与冲击电流陡度大的情况下,其影响更加明显。

计及土壤频变性的接地装置频域性能分析

电力工业的发展和全球气候的复杂变化,导致故障或雷击时接地系统面临新的问题。准确计算接地装置的频域性能可为接地系统优化设计提供合理依据。采用基于电磁场理论的有限元方法,通过加入Visacro-Alipio土壤频变公式,建立了计及土壤频变性的接地装置频域性能分析模型。通过比较接地网的仿真计算结果与CDEGS软件计算结果,验证了本文算法的准确性。对水平和垂直接地极频域性能的分析结果表明高频下计及土壤参数频变性时接地参数计算结果明显降低,准确性更高。

土壤频变性对接地装置冲击系数的影响分析

冲击系数是反映输电线路杆塔接地装置冲击特性的重要参数,对其进行准确计算是防雷优化设计和提升输电线路耐雷性能的基础。在深入分析土壤介质微观极化过程的基础上,引入Visacro-Alipio土壤频变特性公式,建立了考虑土壤电参数频变性的接地装置冲击特性数值模型;利用所建模型仿真分析了考虑土壤频变性时土壤电阻率、冲击电流波形等因素对接地装置冲击系数的影响规律。仿真数据分析表明考虑土壤频变性时接地装置的冲击系数与不考虑土壤频变性时的冲击系数相比有一定减小,在高土壤电阻率及陡波前冲击电流作用下其减小程度更明显。

扣件胶垫刚度频变的钢轨垂向自振特征分析

本文以地铁DT VI2型扣件的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPEE)胶垫为例,开展扣件胶垫动参数的频变试验,结合国外相关试验成果,提出反映扣件胶垫刚度频变特征的经验公式。据此计算分析扣件胶垫频变刚度与常量刚度工况下的钢轨垂向自振特征。研究表明:TPEE胶垫的复刚度、损耗因子与储能刚度总体上随激振频率的增加而增大,TPEE胶垫刚度在实际工作中并非常量;如果扣件胶垫刚度具有明显的频变性,只有当外部激振频率fi与该激振频率下扣件胶垫刚度ki的钢轨-扣件系统某阶固有频率相同时,该阶固有频率才是钢轨-扣件系统的敏感共振频率;在前50阶自振中,扣件胶垫刚度频变的钢轨垂向敏感共振频率明显高于扣件胶垫常量刚度工况,随着阶数的增加,两工况中相同阶数下敏感共振频率的差距逐渐缩小;在敏感共振频率基本一致的情况下,扣件胶垫刚度频变的钢轨垂向敏感共振波长明显大于扣件胶垫常量刚度工况。因此,不考虑扣件胶垫刚度的频变特征必然会降低钢轨垂向敏感共振频率及其振型的预测精度。

高速铁路无砟轨道扣件系统弹性垫板力学性能的温变试验

以我国高速铁路无砟轨道WJ-7B、WJ-8B与Vossloh 300扣件系统内的弹性垫板为研究对象,利用配有温度控制箱的万能试验机,测试-60℃～70℃时3类扣件弹性垫板随温度变化的静态力学特征与0.3 Hz动态力学特征。然后,应用高分子材料的温频等效原理与WLF方程,预测-60℃～70℃时3类扣件弹性垫板随频率变化的动态力学参数。研究结果表明：WJ-7B、WJ-8B及Vossloh 300扣件弹性垫板的静刚度与动刚度均具有显著的低温敏感性,且其损耗因子在玻璃区转化温度（-45℃左右）达到最高;与低温静刚度的变化情况相比,3类扣件弹性垫板动刚度的低温变化幅度更大;在轨道振动1～10 000Hz,3类扣件弹性垫板动参数随低温与频率的变化均较显著。因此,在轮轨系统动力响应及环境振动、辐射噪声的预测中,应考虑扣件弹性垫板等高分子材料的温变与频变动态力学特征。

A Wide-Band High-Linearity Down-Conversion Mixer for Cable Receptions

We analyze a wide-band,high-linearity down-conversion mixer for cable receptions that is implemented in 0. 35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The bandwidth of the RF （radio frequency） input covers the range from 1 to 1.8GHz. The measured input power at the - 1dB compression point of the mixer reaches ＋ 14.23dBm. The highest voltage conversion gain is 8. 31dB, while the lowest noise figure is 19.4dB. The power consumed is 54mW with a 5V supply. The test result of the down-conversion mixer is outlined.

Stability of Oil Film and Output Speed of Hydroviscous Drive Affected by the Pressure of Control Oil

Based on the theories of hydraulics and nonlinear control system, the model of hydroviscous drive (HVD) was established, the influences of small ripple of control oil pressure on the output speed of HVD and the stability of oil film between friction disks were analyzed. The conclusion presents that when the frequency of the control oil's pressure ripple is higher than 60?Hz and the peak is less than 0 05?MPa, HVD can work stably. The result is useful for studying the application of frequency conversion technology in regulation of control oil pressure.

A VIDEO SPECTRUM SPLITTING ENCODING SCHEME BASED ON HUMAN VISION AND ITS COMPUTER SIMULATION

In this paper, a 3-D video encoding scheme suitable for digital TV/HDTV (high definition television) is studied through computer simulation. The encoding scheme is designed to provide a good match to human vision. Basically, this involves transmission of low frequency luminance information at full frame rate for good motion rendition and transmission of high frequency luminance signal at reduced frame rate for good detail in static images.

RFD-Rao and RFD-Wald tests for distributed targets with range walking effect

Two novel adaptive distributed target detectors, the range frequency domain-Rao （RFD-Rao） and range frequency domain-Wald （RFD-Wald） tests are proposed in this work. The application methods for these tests consider a partially homogeneous disturbance environment and a target range walking effect in a coherent processing interval （CPI）. The asymptotic performance of the detectors is analyzed, and the constant false alarm rate （CFAR） properties with respect to the clutter covariance matrix and power level are shown. The performances of the proposed adaptive detectors are assessed through Monte-Carlo simulations, and the results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed detection algorithms compared to those of similar existing detectors.

Instantaneous frequency estimation of multi-component Chirp signals in noisy environments

A classical time-varying signal, the multi-component Chirp signal has been widely used and the ability to estimate its instantaneous frequency （IF） is very useful. But in noisy environments, it is hard to estimate the 1F of a multi-component Chirp signal accurately. Wigner distribution maxima （WDM） are usually utilized for this estimation. But in practice, estimation bias increases when some points deviate from the true IF in high noise environments. This paper presents a new method of multi-component Chirp signal 1F estimation named Wigner Viterbi fit （WVF）, based on Wigner-Ville distribution （WVD） and the Viterbi algorithm. First, we transform the WVD of the Chirp signal into digital image, and apply the Viterbi algorithm to separate the components and estimate their IF. At last, we establish a linear model to fit the estimation results. Theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that this new method has high precision and better performance than WDM in high noise environments, and better suppression of interference and the edge effect. Compared with WDM, WVF can reduce the mean square error （MSE） by 50% when the signal to noise ration （SNR） is in the range of-15dB to -11dB. WVF is an effective and promising 1F estimation method.

Frequency of primary iron overload and HFE gene mutations (C282Y,H63D and S65C) in chronic liver disease patients in north India

AIM:To identify the frequency of iron overload and study the three mutations in the HFE gene (C282Y,H63D,and S65C) in patients with chronic liver disorders (CLD) and controls. METHODS:To identify patients with iron overload (transferrin saturation > 45% in females and > 50% in males and serum ferritin > 1000 ng/mL) we evaluated 236 patients with CLD,including 59 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),22 with alcoholic liver disease (ALD),19 of cirrhosis due to viruses (HBV,HCV),and 136 with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Mutations of the HFE gene were analyzed by PCR-RE. hundred controls were screened for iron status and the mutations. RESULTS:Seventeen patients with CLD showed evidence of iron overload. Fifteen cases of iron overload had cryptogenic cirrhosis and two had ALD. None of the controls showed iron overload. We did not find any individual with 282Y or 65C either in the cases or in the controls. The prevalence of H63D heterozygosity was 12% in normal individuals,14.8% in 236 patients (16.9% in NASH,13.6% in ALD,26.3% in viral and 12.5% in cryptogenic cirrhosis) and the overall prevalence was 13.98%. Only two of the 17 patients with primary iron overload were heterozygous for H63D. One patient with NASH and one normal individual who were homozygous for H63D showed no iron overload.CONCLUSION:Primary iron overload in Indians is nonHFE type,which is different from that in Europeans and further molecular studies are required to determine the defect in various iron regulatory genes.

LDPC based time-frequency double differential space-time coding for multi-antenna OFDM systems

Differential space-time coding was proposed recently in the literature for multi-antenna systems, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, double differential space-time (DDST) coding is of special interest because it is applicable to continuous fast time-varying channels. However, it is less effective in fre- quency-selective fading channels. This paper’s authors derived a novel time-frequency double differential space-time (TF-DDST) coding scheme for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a time-varying fre- quency-selective fading environment, where double differential space-time coding is introduced into both time domain and fre- quency domain. Our proposed TF-DDST-OFDM system has a low-complexity non-coherent decoding scheme and is robust for time- and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we also propose the use of state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in serial concatenation with our TF-DDST scheme as a channel code. Simulations revealed that the LDPC based TF-DDST OFDM system has low decoding complexity and relatively better performance.

考虑土壤频变特性的接地系统有限元模型

基于电磁场理论的有限元法(FEM)和傅里叶变换相结合,通过引入Visacro-Alipio土壤频变公式,建立了可以考虑土壤电参数频变性的接地系统有限元模型。按照文献所给典型Heidler首次回击、后续回击雷电流冲击10 m水平接地极的试验条件,用Comsol Multiphysics软件的AC/DC模块建模仿真,将结果与文献试验数据对比,验证了模型的准确性。并进一步对3m垂直接地极分别埋于电导率0.01 S/m、0.002 S/m、0.001 S/m、0.0005 S/m土壤中时土壤频变性情况进行仿真分析,仿真发现,土壤频变性与土壤工频电阻率关系密切,土壤工频电阻率越高,频变作用越明显。在高电阻率(≥500Ω·m)土壤接地冲击计算中,有必要将土壤电参数的频变性考虑进来。

Three-Step Damage Identification Method Based on Dynamic Characteristics

A three-step damage identification method based on dynamic characteristics is proposed to improve the structure reliability and security and avoid serious accident. In the proposed method, the frequency and difference of modal curvature(DMC) are used as damage indexes. Firstly, the detection of the occurrence of damage is addressed by the frequency or the square of frequency change. Then the damage location inside the structure is measured by the DMC. Finally, with the stiffness reduction rate as a damage factor, the amount of damage is estimated by the optimization algorithm. The three-step damage identification method has been validated by conducting the simulation on a cantilever beam and the shaking table test on a submerged bridge. The results show that the method proposed in this paper can effectively solve the damage identification problem in theory and engineering practice.

Alterations in the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-v-Akt pathway in gastric cancer

AIM:To investigate human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-vAkt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog signaling pathway.METHODS:We analyzed 231 formalin-fixed,paraffinembedded gastric cancer tissue specimens from Japanese patients who had undergone surgical treatment.The patients' age,sex,tumor location,depth of invasion,pathological type,lymph node metastasis,and pathological stage were determined by a review of the medical records.Expression of HER2 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry(IHC) using the HercepTest TM kit.Standard criteria for HER2 positivity(0,1+,2+,and 3+) were used.Tumors that scored 3+ were considered HER2-positive.Expression of phospho Akt(pAkt) was also analyzed by IHC.Tumors were considered pAkt-positive when the percentage of positive tumor cells was 10% or more.PI3K,catalytic,alpha polypeptide(PIK3CA) mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were analyzed by pyrosequencing.Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection was analyzed by in situ hybridization targeting EBV-encoded small RNA(EBER) with an EBER-RNA probe.Microsatellite instability(MSI) was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction using the mononucleotide markers BAT25 and BAT26.RESULTS:HER2 expression levels of 0,1+,2+ and 3+ were found in 167(72%),32(14%),12(5%) and 20(8.7%) samples,respectively.HER2 overexpression(IHC 3+) significantly correlated with intestinal histological type(15/20 vs 98 /205,P = 0.05).PIK3CA mutations were present in 20 cases(8.7%) and significantly correlated with MSI(10/20 vs 9/211,P < 0.01).The mutation frequency was high(21%) in T4 cancers and very low(6%) in T2 cancers.Mutations in exons 1,9 and 20 were detected in 5(2%),9(4%) and 7(3%) cases,respectively.Two new types of PIK3CA mutation,R88Q and R108H,were found in exon1.All PIK3CA mutations were heterozygous missense singlebase substitutions,the most common being H1047R(6/20,30%) in exon20.Eighteen cancers(8%) were EBV-positive and this positivity significantly correlated with a diffuse histological type(13/18 vs 93/198,P = 0.04).There were 7 cases of lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas(LELC) and 6 of those cases were EBV-positive(percent/EBV:6/18,33%;percent/all LELC:6/7,86%).pAkt expression was positive in 119(53%) cases but showed no correlation with clinicopathological characteristics.pAkt expression was significantly correlated with HER2 overexpression(16/20 vs 103/211,P < 0.01) but not with PIK3CA mutations(12/20 vs 107/211,P = 0.37) or EBV infection(8/18 vs 103/211,P = 0.69).The frequency of pAkt expression was higher in cancers with exon20 mutations(100%) than in those with exon1(40%) or exon9(56%) mutations.One case showed both HER2 overexpression and EBV infection and 3 cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection.However,no cases showed both PIK3CA mutations and HER2 overexpression.One EBVpositive cancer with PIK3CA mutation(H1047R) was MSI-positive.Three of these 4 cases were positive for pAkt expression.In survival analysis,pAkt expression significantly correlated with a poor prognosis(hazard ratio 1.75;95%CI:1.12-2.80,P = 0.02).CONCLUSION:HER2 expression,PIK3CA mutations and EBV infection in gastric cancer were characterized.pAkt expression significantly correlates with HER2 expression and with a poor prognosis.

Volatility forecasting in Chinese nonferrous metals futures market

This paper seeks to model and forecast the Chinese nonferrous metals futures market volatility and allows new insights into the time-varying volatility of realized volatility and leverage effects using high-frequency data.The LHAR-CJ model is extended and the empirical research on copper and aluminum futures in Shanghai Futures Exchange suggests the dynamic dependencies and time-varying volatility of realized volatility,which are captured by long memory HAR-GARCH model.Besides,the findings also show the significant weekly leverage effects in Chinese nonferrous metals futures market volatility.Finally,in-sample and out-of-sample forecasts are investigated,and the results show that the LHAR-CJ-G model,considering time-varyingvolatility of realized volatility and leverage effects,effectively improves the explanatory power as well as out-of sample predictive performance.

The feasibility experimental study of pumping and shunting pump under pressure in water injection station

At present in the process of water injection station operation, starting and stopping the pump caused system pressure fluctuations, and the fluctuations caused many problems about downstream injection wells. In order to eliminate the fluctuations and reduce problems, taking start pump, connect pump test under pressure in the water injection station installed the rotor frequency control system Changqing oil field developed. During the experiment, by progressively increasing the pressure pump to verify start pump with pressure feasibility test, the result shows when the pressure in the 0-25MPa pressure start and connect pump can be realized, and forecast the maximum pressure of the current start of the station with pressure pump. Start pump with pressure achieve the elimination of pressure fluctuations, provide the prerequisites about realizeing stable water injection pressure, and ultimately realize oil field water injection station to be automatic water injection laid a foundation.

A New Transient Impedance-Based Algorithm for Earth Fault Detection in Medium Voltage Networks

This paper presents a new earth-fault detection algorithm for unearthed （isolated） and compensated neutral medium voltage （MV） networks. The proposed algorithm is based on capacitance calculation from transient impedance and dominant transient frequency. The Discrete Fourier Transform （DFT） method is used to determine the dominant transient frequency. The values of voltage and current earth modes are calculated in the period of the dominant transient frequency, then the transient impedance can be determined, from which we can calculate the earth capacitance. The calculated capacitance gives an indication about if the feeder is faulted or not. The algorithm is less dependent on the fault resistance and the faulted feeder parameters; it mainly depends on the background network. The network is simulated by ATP/EMTP program. Several different fault conditions are covered in the simulation process, different fault inception angles, fault locations and fault resistances.