基于棉纤维长度根数分布的精梳机梳理效能分析

使用概率密度函数的基本原理,对3个纤维长度根数分布密度函数(精梳机输入小卷根数分布和落棉与精梳条的纤维长度根数分布)进行比较,导出纤维长度根数分布在梳理过程中的变化规律。讨论输入和输出纤维长度根数分布应该满足的条件。利用求解线性方程组的方法计算并得到精梳机梳棉效能的表征曲线。结果表明,利用纤维的长度根数分布计算方法能够较好地对精梳机工作效能进行细致的评价。进一步探讨纤维在梳理过程中发生断裂的表征方法,提出一种能够反映纤维在梳理中断裂程度的指示量。利用这些结论可以对精梳机加工过程进行优化并估计纤维在加工中的断裂情况,为精梳工艺设计提供重要的依据。

Influence of surface treatments on fatigue life of a two-stroke free piston linear engine component using random loading

This paper describes the finite element (FE) analysis technique to predict fatigue life using the narrow band frequency response approach. The life prediction results are useful for improving the component design methodology at the very early development stage. The approach is found to be suitable for a periodic loading but requires very large time records to accurately describe random loading processes. This paper is aimed at investigating the effects of surface treatments on the fatigue life of the free piston linear engine’s components. Finite element modelling and frequency response analysis were conducted using computer aided design and finite element analysis commercial codes, respectively. In addition, the fatigue life prediction was carried out using finite element based fatigue analysis commercial code. Narrow band approach was specially applied to predict the fatigue life of the free piston linear engine cylinder block. Significant variation was observed between the surface treatments and untreated cylinder block of free piston engine. The obtained results indicated that nitrided treatment yielded the longest life. This approach can determine premature products failure phenomena, and therefore can reduce time to market, improve product reliability and customer confidence.

Robust background subtraction in traffic video sequence

For intelligent transportation surveillance, a novel background model based on Mart wavelet kernel and a background subtraction technique based on binary discrete wavelet transforms were introduced. The background model kept a sample of intensity values for each pixel in the image and used this sample to estimate the probability density function of the pixel intensity. The density function was estimated using a new Marr wavelet kernel density estimation technique. Since this approach was quite general, the model could approximate any distribution for the pixel intensity without any assumptions about the underlying distribution shape. The background and current frame were transformed in the binary discrete wavelet domain, and background subtraction was performed in each sub-band. After obtaining the foreground, shadow was eliminated by an edge detection method. Experimental results show that the proposed method produces good results with much lower computational complexity and effectively extracts the moving objects with accuracy ratio higher than 90%, indicating that the proposed method is an effective algorithm for intelligent transportation system.

Updating Probabilistic Seismic Intensity at Kathmandu after 2015 Gorkha Earthquake

Subduction of Indian plate beneath the Eurasian plate has formed three thrust faults along Himalayas. Due to continuous shortening, many earthquakes have occurred in the past causing massive deaths and destructions showing that earthquakes are the greatest threat. Seismic hazard of the central Himalayan region has been examined based upon kernel density function method. Faults are so nearer that it is difficult to judge which earthquake belongs to which fault and even some parts of the faults do not hold earthquakes, and usual method of assigning the earthquakes to the nearest fault developing magnitude-frequency relationship is not applicable. Thus, seismic hazard is estimated considering area sources with different densities at each location based upon historical earthquakes using kernel density functions which account both earthquake sizes and numbers. Fault is considered as one earthquake with its highest magnitude at centre when calculating density but does not aid in earthquake data base for recurrence relationship. Since there are no specific attenuation laws developed for the Himalayan region, five attenuation laws developed for other subduction zones are selected and used giving equal weight to all to minimize the uncertainties. Then, probabilistic spectra for various natural periods at Kathmandu are calculated and plotted.

Accuracy analysis of PPDF-based method to parameterize aerosol scattering effect

We introduce the path length probability density function(PPDF) method, which is based on an equivalence theorem and parameterizes the aerosol scattering effect by adding four factors to the atmospheric transmittance model. Using simulated observations in the O2-A band, we examined the utility of the PPDF-based method to account for the aerosol scattering effect. First, observations were simulated using a forward model under different aerosol conditions; PPDF factors were then retrieved using an optimal estimation method; PPDF factors were used to reconstruct the observations; and finally, simulated true observations and reconstructions were compared. Analysis of the difference between the true observations and reconstructions confirmed the utility of the PPDF-based method. Additionally, the O2 band was demonstrated to be an efficient observing band for assisting the remote sensing of atmospheric trace gases in the near-infrared band.