声学背景变星的光度变化,源于其内部的声波,所以说,恒星行为与乐器之间有很强的数理联系和相似性,二者在泛音列之频率方面的基本原则是一致的。当然,"恒星乐器"特有的许多性质,又使得其声音与一般乐器有所区别。理论与作曲技...声学背景变星的光度变化,源于其内部的声波,所以说,恒星行为与乐器之间有很强的数理联系和相似性,二者在泛音列之频率方面的基本原则是一致的。当然,"恒星乐器"特有的许多性质,又使得其声音与一般乐器有所区别。理论与作曲技术之背景当今许多作曲家在作品中使用不协和的音程与和声。计算机可以帮助我们处理这些不协和音,并使其富含理论上的意义。将恒星的声学纳入音乐的轨道,颇为符合作曲实践的这种趋势。研究的目标主要是证实这样一件事:根据恒星物理的原则及其内部自然过程所设计的声响,可以作为作曲实践、理论创新和美学演进的一种新的基础。主要贡献宇宙事件和音乐事件,都由事件、过程和状态的层级权力秩序来决定。变星的声音模式预兆着某些非同寻常的泛音模式以及其模式随恒星演化而发生的变化。因为恒星体量极大,所以其振荡频率数低于可闻阈的下限;也正是因此,我们须将其声频折算至可闻阈之内。但恒星振荡的频域又远宽于乐音的频域,因此我们还必须确定一个基准点——对于基于宇宙学灵感的音乐理论来说,这是一个有趣的出发点。笔者开发了基于C音的软件,以进行可管控的作曲试验。研究的意义本研究结合使用科学与艺术的研究方法与路数。天体物理学家可以在各种不同大小和内部结构的恒星中发现一些特别的振动模式,它们代表了"天体乐器"可能提供的声响特质,并提供了关于其声音频谱的信息。这样,作曲家可以检视这些声响的听觉特征、其在各种音乐语境中的表现、其制造声响紧张度的能力,以及其在创建表情性音乐结构时的适用性。这些方面在作品《恒星音乐第1号》(Stellar Music No.1)中皆有所表现,可参看之。展开更多
Aim: To study cognitive function at 10 y of age in a cohort of children who re quired neonatal intensive care within the Uppsala Neonatal Follow-up Study. Met hods: 226 children, who were born in 1986-1989 and had req...Aim: To study cognitive function at 10 y of age in a cohort of children who re quired neonatal intensive care within the Uppsala Neonatal Follow-up Study. Met hods: 226 children, who were born in 1986-1989 and had required neonatal intens ive care (NIC) and 72 full-term, healthy control children were enrolled in the study. NIC children were grouped according to gestational age (group I, 23-31 w k; subgroup IA, 23-27 wk; IB 28-31 wk; group II, 32-36 wk; group III, > 36 wk ), with infants with congenital malformation (IWCM) included and excluded from t he main groups. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) was adminis tered and results were analysed in relation to the K-ABC global scales: sequent ial, simultaneous, mental processing composite and achievement. Results: The gre at majority of children had well-developed cognitive function, reaching scores at an average level or above. When groups were compared, full-term children tha t required NIC (group III) showed lower scores than controls on all scales measu red by the K-ABC. Preterm children from all the studied groups (groupsIA, IB, I I) showed poorer performance than controls in the simultaneous processing scale, and group IA scored lower than controls in the achievement scale. The incidence of major cognitive impairment (IQ < 70) was low in NIC children ( < 5%), but c hildren from group IA showed significant higher frequency of impairment in the s imultaneous, mental processing composite and achievement scales. Children from g roup IA presented a high frequency of discrepancy between the K-ABC scales, wit h lower simultaneous and higher sequential scores. Analysis with IWCM excluded f rom the main groups revealed identical results. Conclusion: Most children who ne eded neonatal intensive care had developed well their cognitive function at 10 y of age. The long-term effect of neonatal intensive care on cognitive function was more evident in extremely preterm infants (group IA), especially in tasks in volving simultaneous ways of processing information.展开更多
文摘声学背景变星的光度变化,源于其内部的声波,所以说,恒星行为与乐器之间有很强的数理联系和相似性,二者在泛音列之频率方面的基本原则是一致的。当然,"恒星乐器"特有的许多性质,又使得其声音与一般乐器有所区别。理论与作曲技术之背景当今许多作曲家在作品中使用不协和的音程与和声。计算机可以帮助我们处理这些不协和音,并使其富含理论上的意义。将恒星的声学纳入音乐的轨道,颇为符合作曲实践的这种趋势。研究的目标主要是证实这样一件事:根据恒星物理的原则及其内部自然过程所设计的声响,可以作为作曲实践、理论创新和美学演进的一种新的基础。主要贡献宇宙事件和音乐事件,都由事件、过程和状态的层级权力秩序来决定。变星的声音模式预兆着某些非同寻常的泛音模式以及其模式随恒星演化而发生的变化。因为恒星体量极大,所以其振荡频率数低于可闻阈的下限;也正是因此,我们须将其声频折算至可闻阈之内。但恒星振荡的频域又远宽于乐音的频域,因此我们还必须确定一个基准点——对于基于宇宙学灵感的音乐理论来说,这是一个有趣的出发点。笔者开发了基于C音的软件,以进行可管控的作曲试验。研究的意义本研究结合使用科学与艺术的研究方法与路数。天体物理学家可以在各种不同大小和内部结构的恒星中发现一些特别的振动模式,它们代表了"天体乐器"可能提供的声响特质,并提供了关于其声音频谱的信息。这样,作曲家可以检视这些声响的听觉特征、其在各种音乐语境中的表现、其制造声响紧张度的能力,以及其在创建表情性音乐结构时的适用性。这些方面在作品《恒星音乐第1号》(Stellar Music No.1)中皆有所表现,可参看之。
文摘Aim: To study cognitive function at 10 y of age in a cohort of children who re quired neonatal intensive care within the Uppsala Neonatal Follow-up Study. Met hods: 226 children, who were born in 1986-1989 and had required neonatal intens ive care (NIC) and 72 full-term, healthy control children were enrolled in the study. NIC children were grouped according to gestational age (group I, 23-31 w k; subgroup IA, 23-27 wk; IB 28-31 wk; group II, 32-36 wk; group III, > 36 wk ), with infants with congenital malformation (IWCM) included and excluded from t he main groups. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC) was adminis tered and results were analysed in relation to the K-ABC global scales: sequent ial, simultaneous, mental processing composite and achievement. Results: The gre at majority of children had well-developed cognitive function, reaching scores at an average level or above. When groups were compared, full-term children tha t required NIC (group III) showed lower scores than controls on all scales measu red by the K-ABC. Preterm children from all the studied groups (groupsIA, IB, I I) showed poorer performance than controls in the simultaneous processing scale, and group IA scored lower than controls in the achievement scale. The incidence of major cognitive impairment (IQ < 70) was low in NIC children ( < 5%), but c hildren from group IA showed significant higher frequency of impairment in the s imultaneous, mental processing composite and achievement scales. Children from g roup IA presented a high frequency of discrepancy between the K-ABC scales, wit h lower simultaneous and higher sequential scores. Analysis with IWCM excluded f rom the main groups revealed identical results. Conclusion: Most children who ne eded neonatal intensive care had developed well their cognitive function at 10 y of age. The long-term effect of neonatal intensive care on cognitive function was more evident in extremely preterm infants (group IA), especially in tasks in volving simultaneous ways of processing information.
