空时格码迹准则在频选衰落信道下的证明

迹准则是当系统中发射与接收天线数之积较大时设计空时格码的准则,该准则最初是为平衰落信道而设计的。该文证明了迹准则在频选衰落信道下仍然成立,且仿真亦表明当信道为频选衰落时,迹准则意义下好码的性能优于其它码的性能。

频选衰落MIMO信道的Turbo均衡

针对Turbo编码频选慢衰落MIMO信道,提出基于滑窗式概率数据辅助(Probabilistic Data Association)的软输出判决反馈均衡和软输入软输出Turbo信道解码器间迭代处理的Turbo均衡算法。充分利用已获得的信息,实现信道均衡与信道解码的迭代更新,克服传统判决反馈均衡器误差传播的缺陷。仿真表明,该系统经3次迭代就可获得较为满意的符号间干扰消除效果。

粒子滤波的MIMO-OFDM空频分层检测算法

针对BLAST系统应用环境中信道的频率选择性和测量噪声的非高斯性,建立了非高斯噪声环境下BLAST-OFDM系统的观测方程;通过对信道矩阵的QR分解将静态BLAST-OFDM系统的观测方程转化为空域的动态状态空间模型,并用粒子滤波进行空频分层检测;充分利用数字调制的有限字符特性,选择最优建议分布来产生粒子和更新权值,并与目前常用的抗误差传播算法相结合提出了一种新的空时分层检测算法。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。

无线OFDM系统中自适应交织的设计

在无线OFDM系统中,利用信道状态信息,实时改变交织图案的自适应交织技术较固定的分组交织,可以更有效地将突发错误离散为随机错误,从而有效提高了系统性能.该文提出了一种改进的自适应交织技术,不仅进一步提高了系统性能,尤其是系统的误帧率性能,而且使算法实现的复杂度有所降低.

Polynomial rooting based frequency offset estimation for MIMO OFDM systems

Based on the frequency domain training sequences, the polynomial-based carrier frequency offset （CFO） estimation in multiple-input multiple-output （ MIMO ） orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （ OFDM ） systems is extensively investigated. By designing the training sequences to meet certain conditions and exploiting the Hermitian and real symmetric properties of the corresponding matrices, it is found that the roots of the polynomials corresponding to the cost functions are pairwise and that both meger CFO and fractional CFO can be estimated by the direct polynomial rooting approach. By analyzing the polynomials corresponding to the cost functions and their derivatives, it is shown that they have a common polynomial factor and the former can be expressed in a quadratic form of the common polynomial factor. Analytical results further reveal that the derivative polynomial rooting approach is equivalent to the direct one in estimation at the same signal-to-noise ratio（SNR） value and that the latter is superior to the former in complexity. Simulation results agree well with analytical results.

JOINT SPACE-FREQUENCY MULTIUSER SYMBOL DETECTOR FOR MC-CDMA SYSTEM WITH UNIFORM LINEAR ARRAY

The MultiCarrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) scheme is promising for relieving capacity limit problems of Direct Sequence (DS-) CDMA systems due to serious InterChip Interference (ICI) and MultiUser Interference (MUI) in high-data-rate wireless communication systems. In this paper, the Uniform Linear Array (ULA) is applied to the base station of macrocellular MC-CDMA systems in a frequency-selective fading channel environment. A joint space-frequency multiuser symbol sequence detector is developed for all active users within one macrocell without space-frequency channel estimation. Simultaneously, Directions-Of-Arrivals (DOAs) of all active users can also be estimated. By dividing the ULA into two identical overlapping subarrays, a specific auxiliary matrix is constructed, which includes both symbol sequence and DOA information of all active users. Then, based on the subspace method, performing the eigen decomposition on such auxiliary matrix, the closed-form solution of symbol sequences and DOAs for all active users can be obtained. In comparison with schemes based on channel estimation, our algorithm need not explicitly estimate the space-frequency channel for each active user,so it has lower computation complexity. Extensive computer simulations demonstrate the overall performance of this novel scheme.

Simplified p-norm-like Constraint LMS Algorithm for Efficient Estimation of Underwater Acoustic Channels

Underwater acoustic channels are recognized for being one of the most difficult propagation media due to considerable difficulties such as： multipath, ambient noise, time-frequency selective fading. The exploitation of sparsity contained in underwater acoustic channels provides a potential solution to improve the performance of underwater acoustic channel estimation. Compared with the classic 10 and 11 norm constraint LMS algorithms, the p-norm-like （Ip） constraint LMS algorithm proposed in our previous investigation exhibits better sparsity exploitation performance at the presence of channel variations, as it enables the adaptability to the sparseness by tuning of p parameter. However, the decimal exponential calculation associated with the p-norm-like constraint LMS algorithm poses considerable limitations in practical application. In this paper, a simplified variant of the p-norm-like constraint LMS was proposed with the employment of Newton iteration m to approximate the decimal exponential calculation. Num simulations and the experimental results obtained in physical shallow water channels demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method compared to traditional norm constraint LMS algorithms.

Efficient and Accurate Simulator for Rayleigh and Rician Fading

With an improved Rayleigh fading model and a zero-mean stochastic sinusoid as the scattering and specular components respectively,a stochastic simulation model is proposed for the generation of Rayleigh and Rician fading waveforms.Compared with the existing stochastic models,the proposed simulator needs only one trial to obtain the desired statistical properties even if the number of samples is not large enough.Moreover,the proposed simulation model can directly generate multiple uncorrelated waveforms for different fading scenarios,such as single-input single-output frequency selective channels and multiple-input multiple-output channels.The performance evaluation and comparison show that the proposed simulator is efficient and accurate.

LDPC based time-frequency double differential space-time coding for multi-antenna OFDM systems

Differential space-time coding was proposed recently in the literature for multi-antenna systems, where neither the transmitter nor the receiver knows the fading coefficients. Among existing schemes, double differential space-time (DDST) coding is of special interest because it is applicable to continuous fast time-varying channels. However, it is less effective in fre- quency-selective fading channels. This paper’s authors derived a novel time-frequency double differential space-time (TF-DDST) coding scheme for multi-antenna orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems in a time-varying fre- quency-selective fading environment, where double differential space-time coding is introduced into both time domain and fre- quency domain. Our proposed TF-DDST-OFDM system has a low-complexity non-coherent decoding scheme and is robust for time- and frequency-selective Rayleigh fading. In this paper, we also propose the use of state-of-the-art low-density parity-check (LDPC) code in serial concatenation with our TF-DDST scheme as a channel code. Simulations revealed that the LDPC based TF-DDST OFDM system has low decoding complexity and relatively better performance.

FAST CONVERGENT MONTE CARLO RECEIVER FOR OFDM SYSTEMS

The paper investigates the problem of the design of an optimal Orthogonal Fre- quency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) receiver against unknown frequency selective fading. A fast convergent Monte Carlo receiver is proposed. In the proposed method, the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods are employed for the blind Bayesian detection without channel es- timation. Meanwhile, with the exploitation of the characteristics of OFDM systems, two methods are employed to improve the convergence rate and enhance the efficiency of MCMC algorithms. One is the integration of the posterior distribution function with respect to the associated channel parameters, which is involved in the derivation of the objective distribution function; the other is the intra-symbol differential coding for the elimination of the bimodality problem resulting from the presence of unknown fading channels. Moreover, no matrix inversion is needed with the use of the orthogonality property of OFDM modulation and hence the computational load is significantly reduced. Computer simulation results show the effectiveness of the fast convergent Monte Carlo receiver.

CRC-AIDED TURBO EQUALIZATION FOR MIMO FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNELS

This paper presents a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check)-aided turbo equalization approach to reduce the computational complexity. In this approach,CRC code bits are padded to the end of each transmit block,and a cyclic redundancy check is performed after decoding each block at the receiver end. If the check sum is zero,which means the receive block is correct,the corresponding LLRs (Log Likelihood Ratios) of this block are set high reliable values,and all the computations corresponding to this block can be cancelled for the subsequent outer iterations. With a lower computational complexity the proposed approach can achieve the same as or even better performance than the conventional non-CRC method.

Novel differential unitary space-time modulation schemes for fast fading channels

Differential unitary space-time modulation （DUSTM）, which obtains full transmit diversity in slowly fiat-fading channels without channel state iufonnation, has generated significant interests recently. To combat frequency-selective fading, DUSTM has been applied to each subcarrier of an OFDM system and DUSTM-OFDM system was proposed. Both DUSTM and DUSTM-OFDM, however, are designed for slowly fading channels and suffer performance deterioration in fast fading channels. In this paper, two novel differential unitary space-time modulation schemes are proposed for fast fading channels. For fast fiat-fading channels, a subatrix interleaved DUSTM （SMI-DUSTM） scheme is proposed, in which matrix-segmentation and sub-matrix based interleaving are introduced into DUSTM system. For fast frequency-selective fading channels, a differential unitary space-frequency modulation （DUSFM） scheme is proposed, in which existing unitary space-time codes are employed across transmit antennas and OFDM subcarriers simultaneouslv and differential modulation is performed between two adjacent OFDM blocks. Compared with DUSTM and DUSTM-OFDM schemes, SMI-DUSTM and DUSFM-OFDM are more robust to fast channel fading with low decoding complexity, which is demonstrated by performance analysis and simulation resuits.

MIMO-OFDM Scheme Using ApFFT over 3GPP SCM Channels

The all-phase fast Fourier transform (apFFT) is proposed as a digital demodulation algorithm in place of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. The amplitude spectrum of apFFT-demodulated symbols is the square of that of the FFT, which helps reduce the Gaussian noise to a great extent. Moreover, the phases of apFFT symbols are not affected by the frequency shift between the transmitter and receiver oscillators. These properties particularly appeal to MIMO systems over frequency-selective fading channels. The proposed MIMO-OFDM system employing the apFFT is validated using the spatial channel model (SCM) proposed by the third generation partnership project (3GPP). The simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed system after compensating for the rate loss due to zero bits inserted in the space-frequency OFDM (SF-OFDM) coding scheme, still considerably outperforms the conventional system over 3GPP SCM channels, especially under poor channel conditions.

Generalized spatial representation for digital modulation and its potential application

Constellation mapping has provided a great convenience to measure the performance of digital signal modulation in Euclid space. However, traditional in-phase and quadrature(IQ) plane is difficult to express the frequency modulation scheme such as minimum shift keying(MSK) and the time domain modulation such as cyclic code shift keying(CCSK). How to represent the digital signal modulation visually through constellation mapping is an attractive problem. To address this issue, in this paper, the combined frequency and phase modulation are utilized to define a new kind of constellation mapping, where the phase and frequency are quantized to the same elements. The uniform geometric construction for combined phase and frequency modulation is redefined in the 3D cylindrical coordinate system based on frequency(f), in-phase component(I) and quadrature component(Q). In the new coordinates, the quadrature frequency-phase shift keying(QFPSK) is produced by the QPSK with dimensional rotation matrix and denoted by the reduced dual quaternion. Furthermore, the spatial extension from QFPSK to chirp cyclic shift keying(Chirp CSK) is analyzed with bandwidth efficiency and energy efficiency. At last, the QFPSK is combined with the 2D OFDM, yielding the image OFDM system.Experimental results verify the effectiveness of QFPSK in the proposed system with the time-varying wireless channel and frequency selective fading channel respectively.