超深致密砂岩储层裂缝壁面出砂机理及其对应力敏感性的影响

致密储层渗透率的应力敏感性问题一直是致密油气藏开发的研究热点。选用塔里木盆地超深致密砂岩气藏井下岩心样品制取裂缝岩心样品6块,开展超深致密砂岩储层应力敏感性评价实验。实验前、后对裂缝壁面进行激光扫描成像处理,并采用扫描电镜表征其微观结构。实验结果表明,超深致密砂岩储层裂缝岩心样品的应力敏感系数为0.41~0.72,应力敏感程度为中等偏弱—强,明显弱于中国典型致密砂岩储层。三维激光扫描图像对比结果显示,实验前、后裂缝壁面出现明显的砂粒脱落现象;扫描电镜图像显示,实验前裂缝壁面存在大量松散脆弱结构。在超深致密砂岩储层裂缝岩心样品应力敏感性评价实验过程中,裂缝壁面脆弱结构在高速流体拖曳力作用下与壁面脱离,运移过程中持续撞击侵蚀壁面,进一步促进砂粒脱落,形成的砂粒沉积于裂缝狭窄处。当有效应力增加时,具有一定强度的砂粒将起到支撑裂缝的作用,进而起到弱化应力敏感性的效果。裂缝壁面出砂对不同宽度裂缝应力敏感性的弱化程度存在显著差异,其弱化程度从大到小依次为中等宽度裂缝、较大宽度裂缝和较小宽度裂缝。

Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Laser Ablation in Acetone： Influence of Ablation Time and Their Reactivity with Oxygen in the Air

In this work, a method is proposed to control silver nanoparticle dimensions produced by laser ablation varying the ablation time and introducing a sonication phase between ablation and the successive deposition on the substrate. The absorption spectra during laser ablation show a main band, which identifies the dimensions of main particles. The appearance of secondary bands indicates the beginning of an aggregation process with the formation of a small concentration of particles which are spheroid in shape. SEM （secondary electron microscope） images of particle produced with different ablation times confirm the results of absorption measurements. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cathodo-luminescence spectroscopy indicate a high reactivity of the nanoparticles deposited on a substrate. They react with oxygen in the air forming an oxide layer which reveals a luminescence in the blue region.