CS-1防砂固结颗粒的研究与应用

大港油田疏松砂岩油藏具有埋藏浅,压实程度低,胶结疏松,易出砂,油层温度低等特点。针对这些情况,通过室内实验开发研制出一种CS-1防砂固结颗粒,并对其进行性能指标及影响因素评价实验。试验表明,CS-1防砂固结颗粒具有低温固化,固结时间短,固结强度高的特点。该工艺特殊的防砂机理和工艺特点解决了大港油田高含水井,低温井的防砂难题,取得了明显的防砂效果和显著的经济效益。

微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀固结黄河泥沙试验研究

采用微生物诱导碳酸钙沉淀(MICP)技术,以具有较高脲酶活性的巴氏芽孢杆菌制备微生物菌液,并辅以尿素和钙盐的水溶液对黄河泥沙样品进行灌浆固结试验,研究固结条件、颗粒类型对固结效果的影响,结果表明:MICP可以把泥沙颗粒黏结成型;泥沙的无侧限抗压强度为0.23~2.30 MPa,中沙的无侧限抗压强度为0.38~3.01 MPa;相同固结条件泥沙的无侧限抗压强度为中沙强度的76%,泥沙抗剪强度为中沙强度的48%;泥沙软化系数为32%;固结后仍存在强度分布不均匀和水稳定度不足等问题。

Microstructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloys during isothermal heat treatment

A new Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy that exhibits a wide solidification range and sufficient fluidity for semi-solid forming was designed. And the rnicrostructure evolution of semi-solid Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy during isothermal heat treatment was investigated. The mechanism of the microstructure evolution and the processing conditions for isothermal heat treatment were also discussed. The results show that the microstructures of cast alloys consist of α-Mg,β-Mg17Al12 and a small amount of Al-Mn compounds. After holding at 520 ℃ for 3 min, the phases of β-Mg17Al12 and eutectic mixtures in the Mg-14Al-0.5Mn alloy melt and the microstructures of α-Mg change from developed dendrites to irregular solid particles. With increasing the isothermal time, the amount of liquid increases, and the solid particles grow large and become spherical. When the holding time lasts for 20 min or even longer, the solid and liquid phases achieve a state of dynamic equilibrium.

Sintering of Pellets, Compound by Fly Ash, Clay and Charcoal in a Fixed Bed Combustion Reactor

Normally, industries in general, produce waste at its majority toxic, such as fly ash, for example, which damage the environment. The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of the temperature in a combustion reactor, full of pellets manufactured with fly ash, clay and charcoal powder, after sintering, to obtainment synthetic aggregates for use in civil construction. The pellets were produced in a cement mix. For realization of the work, a co-current combustion reactor was made in order to analyze the temperatures profile and investigate if the values of these temperatures would be sufficient to initiate the process of sintering of the pellets. Temperatures reached in the reactor varied in the range of 800 ℃-1,290 ℃. These values are sufficient to initiate the process of sintering of the pellets. For the experiment realized, parameters such as inlet velocity of the fluid （air）, diameters of the pellets and size of charcoal crushed in a disk mill were varied and the effect of variations of these parameters were analyzed for the experiment. The historical temperatures were recorded by a data acquisition instrument and subsequently plotted for analysis.

Discrete numerical modeling of granular materials considering crushability

The aim of this study is to numerically investigate the influence of particle breakage on the mechanical behavior of granular materials using a discrete element method(DEM). To enable particle crushing, non-crushable elementary particles are boned together to represents the granular aggregates which can be crushed when the external force exceeds its strength. The flaw of the aggregate was also modeled by randomly distributed void. Single particle crushing tests were carried out to determine the distribution of particle strength. The results of single particle crushing tests illustrate that the simulated single particle fracture strength and pattern agree well with the Weibull's distribution equation.Conventional oedometer tests, drained monotonic and cyclic triaxial tests were also carried out to investigate the crushing of the aggregates and the associated mechanical behaviors. The effect of confining pressure on the crushing of aggregates and the mechanical behavior was also analyzed. It was found that the peak stress and dilation decrease significantly when particle crushing was considered.The deformation behavior of the specimen is essentially controlled by two factors: particle rearrangement-induced dilation and particle crushing-induced contraction. The increase of permanent strain and the reduction of dilation were observed during cyclic loading and they tend to reach a stable state after a certain number of cycles. The crushing of aggregate is most significant in the first two cycles. The results also indicated that for the same axial strain the volumetric strain and the bound breakage in the cyclic loading tests are significantly larger than that in the monotonic loading tests,especially at high cyclic stress ratio.

Analysis of solid particle clusters in coherent structures of turbulent channel flow

A particle-laden turbulent channel flow is investigated to study particle clusters in large-scale turbulent coherent structures. The fluid phase is calculated by large eddy simulation and particles are tracked using Lagrangian trajectory method. The flow Reynolds number is 180 based on the friction velocity and half-width of the channel. The particle is lycopodium with St=0.93 which may well follow the fluid phase. The mean and fluctuating velocities of both two phases are obtained, which are in good agreement with previous data. The strongest accumulations of particles in low-speed streak structures are observed at y~=l 1.3. Moreover, once particles are captured in low-speed streaks, most of them will reside there for a long period. Particles clustered in low-speed streaks obtain smaller instantaneous wall-normal and spanwise velocities than those out of there, which induce a larger particle flux into low-speed streaks than that out of there. The study is important for understanding particle dispersion mechanisms in gas-particle turbulent channel flows.

Effect of liquid-solid ratio on the morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic characteristics of iron particles

Using a ball-milling technique,polymorphous iron particles were prepared by changing only the liquid-solid ratioλ.Effects of λon their morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties were studied.The results show that an increase ofλfrom 0 to 0.25 causes a nonlinear decrease of the conductivity in the ranges of 88.50-2.25 S cm-1 and a regular variation of the electromagnetic parameters,corresponding to the as-obtained iron particles.This is ascribed to a combination of the increased shape anisotropy and the decreased fresh surface with active atoms deriving from the weakened welding-on action and the enhanced micro-malleation action in the ball-milling process.Hereinto,the iron flakes formed at wet-milling with λ=0.08-0.25 have lower conductivity,higher permittivity and permeability,and more excellent absorption property compared with the irregular iron particles obtained at dry-milling withλ=0.It is a consequence of the synergistic effect of dielectric relaxation loss,exchange energy and conductance loss originating from the flake-shape structures.This indicates that the morphology,structure,conductivity,and electromagnetic properties of the products can be effectively controlled by changingλ.