改性竹炭颗粒对水溶液中孔雀绿的吸附动力学研究

用不同的酸碱溶液处理竹炭,研究改性竹炭颗粒对水溶液中孔雀绿的吸附效果,再对筛选出的竹炭颗粒进行吸附动力学试验,并用准二级动力学模型和颗粒扩散模型对试验数据进行拟合,在此基础上进一步探讨影响吸附过程的因素。试验结果表明,用0.5 mol.L-1NaOH溶液处理过的竹炭颗粒吸附效果最佳,最大吸附量可达9.96 mg.g-1。颗粒扩散模型能更好地描述吸附动力学过程。竹炭颗粒的质量增加会降低孔雀绿分子的扩散速率;孔雀绿溶液的初始浓度增加则提高孔雀绿分子的扩散速率;颗粒直径、搅拌速度以及溶液的初始pH值也会影响吸附过程。

pH值对硫化氢在碱浸渍活性炭内扩散机制的影响

采用自制的固定吸附床吸附装置,对碱浸渍活性炭脱除沼气中硫化氢的动态吸附进行了初步研究。研究结果表明,随着浸渍液pH值的升高,碱浸渍活性炭对硫化氢的吸附容量增加。pH值为8.0,10.0和12.0时的硫化氢吸附容量分别为2.37,4.96和9.33 mg·g^(-1)。利用Weber-Morris孔扩散模型,Boyd准一级颗粒扩散模型和Dumwald-Wagner模型研究了改性活性炭吸附硫化氢的吸附动力学行为,发现活性炭表面性质的改变,使边界条件的影响减小,削弱了气膜扩散的影响。Boyd准一级颗粒扩散模型描述硫化氢在碱浸渍活性炭上的整个吸附行为较其它两个模型准确。

磁场作用对磁性活性炭吸附性能的影响规律

为了研究磁场作用对磁性吸附剂吸附性能的影响规律,实验合成了磁性活性炭Fe3O4@AC,并研究其在磁场作用下对亚甲基蓝染料(MB)的吸附行为。结果表明,在磁场作用下Fe3O4@AC对MB的吸附效率较无磁场作用下显著提高,但比吸附容量提升不明显。磁场的磁场强度显著影响Fe3O4@AC的吸附性能,Fe3O4@AC的吸附容量随着磁场强度增加先增加后减小,当磁场强度为50 mT时,比吸附容量最高,达162.3 mg/g,较无磁场时提高7.2%,但其到达吸附平衡时间减少了40%左右。同时,磁场作用可显著提升Fe3O4@AC对MB的吸附选择性。磁场下的吸附过程受初始pH值、MB初始浓度等因素的影响有限。通过等温吸附模型、吸附动力学、颗粒扩散模型理论拟合,发现Fe3O4@AC对MB的吸附以化学吸附为主,符合准二级动力学方程。磁场作用未对吸附动力过程产生显著影响,但可促进颗粒扩散模型中的内扩散过程。

Numerical simulation of diffusion process for oxidative dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene

A comprehensive single particle model which includes the mesoscale and microscale models was developed to study the influence of particle diameter on mass and heat transfer occurring within a ferrite catalyst during the oxidative dehydrogenation of butene to butadiene process. The verified model can be used to investigate the influence of catalyst diameter on the flow distribution inside the particle. The simulation results demonstrate that the mass fraction gradients of all species, temperature gradient and pressure gradient increase with the increase of the particle diameter. It means that there is a high intraparticle transfer resistance and strong diffusion when applying the large catalysts. The external particle mass transfer resistance is nearly constant under different particle diameters so that the effect of particle diameter at external diffusion can be ignored. A large particle diameter can lead to a high surface temperature, which indicates the external heat transfer resistance. Moreover, the selectivity of reaction may be changed with a variety of particle diameters so that choosing appropriate particle size can enhance the production of butadiene and optimize the reaction process.

Exact Solution of Fractional Diffusion Model with Source Term used in Study of Concentration of Fission Product in Uranium Dioxide Particle

The exact solution of fractional diffusion model with a location-independent source term used in the study of the concentration of fission product in spherical uranium dioxide （U02） particle is built. The adsorption effect of the fission product on the surface of the U02 particle and the delayed decay effect are also considered. The solution is given in terms of Mittag-Leffler function with finite Hankel integral transformation and Laplace transformation. At last, the reduced forms of the solution under some special physical conditions, which is used in nuclear engineering, are obtained and corresponding remarks are given to provide significant exact results to the concentration analysis of nuclear fission products in nuclear reactor.

Diffusion and Reaction Model of Catalyst Pellets for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The diffusion and reaction phenomenon in a Fe-based catalyst pellet for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis was studied. It was considered that the pores of catalyst pellets were full of liquid wax under Fischer-Tropsch synthesis conditions. The re- actants diffused from the bulk gas phase to the external surface of the pellet, and then the reactants diffused through the wax inside the pellet and reacted on the internal surface formed along the pore passages of the pellet. On the basis of reaction kinetics and double a-ASF product distribution model, a diffusion and reaction model of catalyst pellet was established. The effects of diffusion and reaction interaction in a catalyst pellet, the bulk temperature, the reaction pressure and the pellet size on the reactivity were further investigated. The relationship between the internal diffusion effectiveness factor of spherical catalyst pellet and the Thiele modulus were also discussed. The bulk temperature and pellet size have significant effects on the reactivity, while the pressure shows only a slight influence on the reactivity. The internal diffusion effectiveness factor decreases with an increasing Thiele modulus.

Model for Reduction of Iron Oxide Pellet with a C-O-H-N Gas Mixture Considering Water Gas Shift Equilibrium in the Gas While It Diffuses through the Product Layer

In metallurgical processes, more and more usage of hydrocarbons is encouraged to bring down the carbon emissions. In this regard, numerous investigations on reduction of oxides by C-O-H-N gas mixture have been reported. Attempts to simulate these reduction processes using shrinking core model, one of the common models used for such studies, have under predicted the reduction rates. This may be owing to the fact that the homogeneous reaction in the gas phase is not being considered. If the reaction temperatures are above 1,000 K, generally so for many reduction processes, the homogeneous gas reaction rates are expected to be high enough that local equilibrium in the gas phase can be assumed. In the present study, reduction of wustite in a C-O-H-N gas mixture has been modeled using shrinking core model considering the water gas shift equilibrium in the gas while it diffuses through the product layer.

中药原料吸湿行为研究

目的:应用吸附动力学模型研究中药原料的吸湿行为。方法:应用吸附动力模型采用非线性回归法,模拟中药原料在不同环境下的吸湿行为,并分析环境因素对其吸湿行为的影响。结果:准一级、准二级、Elovich方程可以较好的模拟中药原料的吸湿动力学行为,其中准一级动力学方程的拟合效果最好。环境因素对中药原料的吸湿行为影响明显,中药原料的吸湿过程符合阿伦尼乌斯方程,温度对其吸湿行为的影响明显。结论:中药制剂原料的吸湿行为符合准一级动力学模型。

煤质炭制备条件的优化及对酚类吸附性能与吸附动力学

KOH为活化剂,正交实验方法优化了煤质炭的制备条件。对2种酚类有机物苯酚、氯苯酚进行了静态吸附,观察了温度、时间、初始浓度及投加量对吸附性能的影响,优化了吸附条件。实验数据与Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin吸附等温线进行了拟合,并对准一级、准二级动力学模型和内扩散模型拟合。结果表明,优化得煤质炭制备条件为:碱碳质量比3∶1,浸泡时间12 h,活化时间80 min,活化温度800℃。在温度为25℃,投加量为0.05 g时,苯酚的平衡时间为60 min,初始浓度为200 mg/L时的吸附量为58.89 mg/g;氯苯酚的吸附平衡时间为90 min,初始浓度为300 mg/L时的吸附量为84.32 mg/g。煤质炭对苯酚的吸附过程与Langmuir吸附等温线,氯苯酚的吸附过程与Temkin吸附等温线拟合得较好。二级动力学模型能够较好地描述这2个吸附过程,且颗粒内扩散不是唯一的速率控制步骤。