Bioreduction as a novel nanoparticle synthesizing technology attracts increasing attention. Dried cells of the bacterium Aeromonas sp. SH10 rapidly reduced [Ag（NH3）2]^＋ to Ago in the solution into which some amount...Bioreduction as a novel nanoparticle synthesizing technology attracts increasing attention. Dried cells of the bacterium Aeromonas sp. SH10 rapidly reduced [Ag（NH3）2]^＋ to Ago in the solution into which some amount of OH^- was introduced. The surface plasmon resonance centered at 425 nm on the UV-vis spectra and five broad Bragg reflections on the XRD pattern showed that stable silver nanoparticles were formed during the bioreduction process. TEM and SEM observations suggested that the silver nanoparticles were uniform in size and well dispersed on the cells and in the solution. Therefore, silver nanoparticles could be prepared rapidly by this bioreduction technology.展开更多
Filoviruses are hemorrhagic fever viruses endemic to parts of Africa and the Philippines. Infection carries with it a mortality rate of up to 90% and currently there are no effective vaccines or therapeutics available...Filoviruses are hemorrhagic fever viruses endemic to parts of Africa and the Philippines. Infection carries with it a mortality rate of up to 90% and currently there are no effective vaccines or therapeutics available to combat infection. However, the filovirus virus-like particles (VLP), which are currently under development, have been shown to be a promising vaccine candidate. They provide protection from infection in the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models of infection, eliciting high anti-glycoprotein antibody titers and T cell responses to viral proteins. In this review, we will highlight the development of the filovirus VLP and describe the current understanding of VLP immunogenicity and correlates of protection.展开更多
Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by simple low temperature chemical reduction method using metal salts（acetate/sulphates） in aqueous solution with sodium borohydride as reducing agent.The chemical reductio...Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by simple low temperature chemical reduction method using metal salts（acetate/sulphates） in aqueous solution with sodium borohydride as reducing agent.The chemical reduction was carried out in the presence of nitrogen gas in order to prevent the oxidation of copper during the reaction process.The alloy nanoparticles were characterized by XRD,UV-Vis,particle size analysis,EDS,TG-DTA and SEM analysis.From the XRD analysis,the crystallite sizes of the prepared samples were calculated using Scherrer formula and the values were found to be in the range of 15 nm.UV-Vis studies conform the formation of alloy nanoparticles.EDS analysis shows the presence of silver and copper in the samples.The SEM observation reveals that the samples consist of grains with average grain size up to 40 nm,and the particle size dependant melting point was studied by TG-DTA.展开更多
6H-SiC single crystals were grown by sublimation method. It is found that foreign grains occur frequently on the facets of the crystals. To characterize the foreign grain, a longitudinal and a sectional cut samples we...6H-SiC single crystals were grown by sublimation method. It is found that foreign grains occur frequently on the facets of the crystals. To characterize the foreign grain, a longitudinal and a sectional cut samples were prepared by standard mechanical processing method. Raman spectrum confirms that the foreign grain is actually a mis-oriented 6H-SiC grain. The surface structure of the foreign grain was studied by chemical etching and optical microscopy. It is shown that etch pits in foreign grain region take the shape of isosceles triangle, which are different from those in mono-crystalline region, and high density stacking faults are observed on the surface of the foreign grain. The orientation of foreign grain surface is determined to be （10]-4） plane by back-scattering X-ray Laue image. The X-ray powder diffraction reveals that the powder is partly graphitized after a long crystal growth rim. Therefore it is believed that the loss of Si results in the formation of C inclusions, which is responsible for the nucleation of foreign grain in the facet region.展开更多
Abstract： In this work, the authors present a study of growth and characterization of composite based on AI and CNT （carbon nanotubes. The composites were prepared by a chemical mixing method and characterized by SE...Abstract： In this work, the authors present a study of growth and characterization of composite based on AI and CNT （carbon nanotubes. The composites were prepared by a chemical mixing method and characterized by SEM analysis, energy dispersed X-ray measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. The analysis showed that the composites are formed by macro-cluster of aluminum oxide on a network of CNT without formation of chemical bonds at interface between particles. The results are compared with those obtained for a sample of CNT with AI traces （〈 0.5%）. They show that only the presence of metal traces changes the nanotubes optical properties, with a luminescence signal centered at about 380 nm. These luminescence signals are caused by the adhesion between CNT and AI micro-clusters that promote the formation of band gap with some local energy levels.展开更多
The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol....The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _展开更多
Magnetic nanoparticles（Fe3O4） were synthesized by co-precipitating Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ ions in an ammonia solution and treating under hydrothermal conditions.Cellulase was immobilized onto Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles...Magnetic nanoparticles（Fe3O4） were synthesized by co-precipitating Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ ions in an ammonia solution and treating under hydrothermal conditions.Cellulase was immobilized onto Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via glutaraldehyde activation.Using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design,the variables such as magnetic nanoparticle concentration,glutaraldehyde concentration,enzyme concentration,and cross linking time were optimized.The Box-Behnken design analysis showed a reasonable adjustment of the quadratic model with the experimental data.Statistical contour plots were generated to evaluate the changes in the response surface and to understand the relationship between the nanoparticles and the enzyme activity.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were studied to characterize size,structure,morphology,and binding of enzyme onto the nanoparticles.The stability and activity of the bound cellulase was analyzed using various parameters including pH,temperature,reusability,and storage stability.The immobilized cellulase was compared with free cellulase and it shows enhanced stability and activity.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20376076).
文摘Bioreduction as a novel nanoparticle synthesizing technology attracts increasing attention. Dried cells of the bacterium Aeromonas sp. SH10 rapidly reduced [Ag（NH3）2]^＋ to Ago in the solution into which some amount of OH^- was introduced. The surface plasmon resonance centered at 425 nm on the UV-vis spectra and five broad Bragg reflections on the XRD pattern showed that stable silver nanoparticles were formed during the bioreduction process. TEM and SEM observations suggested that the silver nanoparticles were uniform in size and well dispersed on the cells and in the solution. Therefore, silver nanoparticles could be prepared rapidly by this bioreduction technology.
基金funded by the Chemical-Biological Medical System-Joint Vaccine Acquisition Program (CBMS-JVAP) as well as the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (CBM.VAXV.03.11.RD.009 and A151 A.41)
文摘Filoviruses are hemorrhagic fever viruses endemic to parts of Africa and the Philippines. Infection carries with it a mortality rate of up to 90% and currently there are no effective vaccines or therapeutics available to combat infection. However, the filovirus virus-like particles (VLP), which are currently under development, have been shown to be a promising vaccine candidate. They provide protection from infection in the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models of infection, eliciting high anti-glycoprotein antibody titers and T cell responses to viral proteins. In this review, we will highlight the development of the filovirus VLP and describe the current understanding of VLP immunogenicity and correlates of protection.
文摘Ag-Cu alloy nanoparticles were synthesized by simple low temperature chemical reduction method using metal salts（acetate/sulphates） in aqueous solution with sodium borohydride as reducing agent.The chemical reduction was carried out in the presence of nitrogen gas in order to prevent the oxidation of copper during the reaction process.The alloy nanoparticles were characterized by XRD,UV-Vis,particle size analysis,EDS,TG-DTA and SEM analysis.From the XRD analysis,the crystallite sizes of the prepared samples were calculated using Scherrer formula and the values were found to be in the range of 15 nm.UV-Vis studies conform the formation of alloy nanoparticles.EDS analysis shows the presence of silver and copper in the samples.The SEM observation reveals that the samples consist of grains with average grain size up to 40 nm,and the particle size dependant melting point was studied by TG-DTA.
基金Projects(2006AA03A145,2007AA03Z405) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of ChinaProjects(50721002,50802053) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (707039) supported by the Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project,Ministry of Education of China
文摘6H-SiC single crystals were grown by sublimation method. It is found that foreign grains occur frequently on the facets of the crystals. To characterize the foreign grain, a longitudinal and a sectional cut samples were prepared by standard mechanical processing method. Raman spectrum confirms that the foreign grain is actually a mis-oriented 6H-SiC grain. The surface structure of the foreign grain was studied by chemical etching and optical microscopy. It is shown that etch pits in foreign grain region take the shape of isosceles triangle, which are different from those in mono-crystalline region, and high density stacking faults are observed on the surface of the foreign grain. The orientation of foreign grain surface is determined to be （10]-4） plane by back-scattering X-ray Laue image. The X-ray powder diffraction reveals that the powder is partly graphitized after a long crystal growth rim. Therefore it is believed that the loss of Si results in the formation of C inclusions, which is responsible for the nucleation of foreign grain in the facet region.
文摘Abstract： In this work, the authors present a study of growth and characterization of composite based on AI and CNT （carbon nanotubes. The composites were prepared by a chemical mixing method and characterized by SEM analysis, energy dispersed X-ray measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. The analysis showed that the composites are formed by macro-cluster of aluminum oxide on a network of CNT without formation of chemical bonds at interface between particles. The results are compared with those obtained for a sample of CNT with AI traces （〈 0.5%）. They show that only the presence of metal traces changes the nanotubes optical properties, with a luminescence signal centered at about 380 nm. These luminescence signals are caused by the adhesion between CNT and AI micro-clusters that promote the formation of band gap with some local energy levels.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2001AA218061） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20236020）.
文摘The preparation of ultra-fine particles of salbutamol sulphate （SS） was accomplished with a reactive precipitation pathway, in which salbutamol and sulphuric acid were Used as reactants with the solvents of ethanol.The effects of sulphuric acid concentration, reaction temperature, stirring rate, and reaction time onthesize of the particle were investigated. A binary mixture composed of lactose and SS was prepared to evaluate SS. The results showed that ultra-fine SS particles with controlled diameters ranging between 3 μm and 0.8 μm and with a narrow distribution could be achieved. The morphology consisting of clubbed particles wassuccess.fully obtained. The purity of the particles reached above 98% with-UV detection. The dose- of dry powder inhalation was obtained by blending the particles with recrystallized lactose, which acted as a carrier. The deposition quantity of the drug in breathing tract was estimated using a twin imPinger apparatus. Compared with the Shapuer powder （purchased in the market）, the results showed that SS_particles had more quantifies.subsided in simulative lung.. _
文摘Magnetic nanoparticles（Fe3O4） were synthesized by co-precipitating Fe^2＋ and Fe^3＋ ions in an ammonia solution and treating under hydrothermal conditions.Cellulase was immobilized onto Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles via glutaraldehyde activation.Using response surface methodology and Box-Behnken design,the variables such as magnetic nanoparticle concentration,glutaraldehyde concentration,enzyme concentration,and cross linking time were optimized.The Box-Behnken design analysis showed a reasonable adjustment of the quadratic model with the experimental data.Statistical contour plots were generated to evaluate the changes in the response surface and to understand the relationship between the nanoparticles and the enzyme activity.Scanning electron microscopy,X-ray diffraction analysis,and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were studied to characterize size,structure,morphology,and binding of enzyme onto the nanoparticles.The stability and activity of the bound cellulase was analyzed using various parameters including pH,temperature,reusability,and storage stability.The immobilized cellulase was compared with free cellulase and it shows enhanced stability and activity.
