This study presents a robust design method for autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-wind hybrid power systems to obtain an optimum system configuration insensitive to design variable variations. This issue has been formulated...This study presents a robust design method for autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-wind hybrid power systems to obtain an optimum system configuration insensitive to design variable variations. This issue has been formulated as a constraint multi-objective optimization problem, which is solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, NSGA-II. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, combined with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), is applied to evaluate the stochastic system performance. The potential of the proposed method has been demonstrated by a conceptual system design. A comparative study between the proposed robust method and the deterministic method presented in literature has been conducted. The results indicate that the proposed method can find a large mount of Pareto optimal system configurations with better compromising performance than the deterministic method. The trade-off information may be derived by a systematical comparison of these configurations. The proposed robust design method should be useful for hybrid power systems that require both optimality and robustness.展开更多
Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is an effective statistical technique for data reduction and feature extraction of the random field including the wind field. This paper introduces the theory of the POD and ill...Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is an effective statistical technique for data reduction and feature extraction of the random field including the wind field. This paper introduces the theory of the POD and illustrates engineering of structures. Using the POD technique, it is shown that wind pressure data can be accurately reconstructed with a limited number of modes using the wind pressure data from wind tunnel test. Comparing the reconstructed values by POD with the original measured values from the wind tunnel test both in the time and frequency domains, it is concluded that the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) is an efficient and practical technique for deriving the random wind pressure field from limited known data as shown in the pitched roof example in this paper.展开更多
Dams are critical and essential elements in any infrastructure and, in front of accidents occurred in many countries, it is extremely important to know the risk of these structures. Inserted in this context, it was fo...Dams are critical and essential elements in any infrastructure and, in front of accidents occurred in many countries, it is extremely important to know the risk of these structures. Inserted in this context, it was found in the technical literature, methods and tools capable of measuring the exposure value by means of indicators. In the study, the highlights were 12 methods of qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative risk analysis, representing an overview of risk analysis methods available in the literature with potential use in dams, that it has been done into electronic spreadsheets. The case study is performed on a sample of concrete dam and earth/rockfill built and operated by Eletrobr^s Furnas Company, supported by documentary research, projects, field inspections and interviews with experts. After applying the methods and the analysis thereof, has been prepared the Eletrobras Fumas dam risk analysis method which is characterized by adapting the criteria analyzed to the reality of the company's dams and it was also performed the portfolio risk analysis of 18 dams. In spite of the variety and subjectivity of qualitative and semiquantitative methods, the results show that they tend to converge on the analysis of dam based on risk. The application methodology demonstrates the feasibility assessment stage, covering the preliminary analysis for portfolio dams, followed by formal and individual risk analyzes for the most critical structures. These results confirm the applicability of risk analysis techniques, contributing to the consolidation of this toot as fundamental in the dam safety.展开更多
A creative solution to financial gap in Indonesian infrastructure development is the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. One of the constraints in PPP implementation in toll road infrastructure is the lack of i...A creative solution to financial gap in Indonesian infrastructure development is the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. One of the constraints in PPP implementation in toll road infrastructure is the lack of interest from the private sector, which are caused by the uncertainties defined as risks surrounding the project. This urges the importance of risk analysis on project investment to describe the measurement of risk allocated to the private sector. This paper aims at measuring the risks impacts on the project viability using Cileunyi-Sumedang-Dawuan (Cisumdawu) Toll Road section as the case and finding some creative way out. By employing Monte Carlo risk analysis technique we are able to measure the risk impact perceived by the private sector through probability distribution of the project NPV and IRR. Based on the result of Monte Carlo analysis on the Cisumdawu toll road, the overall risk impact perceived by the private sector is too much to bear. The risks considered as high-impact are risks on land acquisition, risks on construction, risks on toll revenue, risks on interest rates and disaster risks on post construction phase. The result shows the importance of decreasing the risk level on the mentioned risk that can be done through the increased participation of local government in managing the toll road projects. A creative solution again is needed to strike balance between the interest of private sector and that of public sector to deal with risks.展开更多
The analysis of principal data on Chinese banks highlights how they are exposed to credit risk, primarily generated from loans to public companies. Chinese banks have a good capital provision; The analysis of economic...The analysis of principal data on Chinese banks highlights how they are exposed to credit risk, primarily generated from loans to public companies. Chinese banks have a good capital provision; The analysis of economic data describes a system oriented towards relationship lending; The average profitability per employee shows wide margins of improvement in terms of efficiency and technological equipment. The comparison with the case of Italy, which like China can be considered an economy heavily oriented to banking intermediation, it is useful to highlight some peculiarities of the Chinese banking system.展开更多
Based on the data obtained from a survey recently made in Shanghai, this paper presents the hybrid technique for risk analysis and evaluation of some diseases. After determination of main risk factors of these disease...Based on the data obtained from a survey recently made in Shanghai, this paper presents the hybrid technique for risk analysis and evaluation of some diseases. After determination of main risk factors of these diseases by analysis of variance, the authors introduce a new concept ’Illness Fuzzy Set’ and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate the risk of suffering from a disease for residents. Optimal technique is used to determine the weights wi in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a new method ’Improved Information Distribution’ is also introduced for the treatment of small sample problem. It is shown that the results obtained by using the hybrid technique are better than by using single fuzzy technique or single statistical method.展开更多
文摘This study presents a robust design method for autonomous photovoltaic (PV)-wind hybrid power systems to obtain an optimum system configuration insensitive to design variable variations. This issue has been formulated as a constraint multi-objective optimization problem, which is solved by a multi-objective genetic algorithm, NSGA-II. Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method, combined with Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS), is applied to evaluate the stochastic system performance. The potential of the proposed method has been demonstrated by a conceptual system design. A comparative study between the proposed robust method and the deterministic method presented in literature has been conducted. The results indicate that the proposed method can find a large mount of Pareto optimal system configurations with better compromising performance than the deterministic method. The trade-off information may be derived by a systematical comparison of these configurations. The proposed robust design method should be useful for hybrid power systems that require both optimality and robustness.
基金Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for the support of this research by the Committee of National Science Foundation of China (50908077) and Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Educational Committee (11551368).
文摘Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is an effective statistical technique for data reduction and feature extraction of the random field including the wind field. This paper introduces the theory of the POD and illustrates engineering of structures. Using the POD technique, it is shown that wind pressure data can be accurately reconstructed with a limited number of modes using the wind pressure data from wind tunnel test. Comparing the reconstructed values by POD with the original measured values from the wind tunnel test both in the time and frequency domains, it is concluded that the proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) is an efficient and practical technique for deriving the random wind pressure field from limited known data as shown in the pitched roof example in this paper.
文摘Dams are critical and essential elements in any infrastructure and, in front of accidents occurred in many countries, it is extremely important to know the risk of these structures. Inserted in this context, it was found in the technical literature, methods and tools capable of measuring the exposure value by means of indicators. In the study, the highlights were 12 methods of qualitative, semiquantitative and quantitative risk analysis, representing an overview of risk analysis methods available in the literature with potential use in dams, that it has been done into electronic spreadsheets. The case study is performed on a sample of concrete dam and earth/rockfill built and operated by Eletrobr^s Furnas Company, supported by documentary research, projects, field inspections and interviews with experts. After applying the methods and the analysis thereof, has been prepared the Eletrobras Fumas dam risk analysis method which is characterized by adapting the criteria analyzed to the reality of the company's dams and it was also performed the portfolio risk analysis of 18 dams. In spite of the variety and subjectivity of qualitative and semiquantitative methods, the results show that they tend to converge on the analysis of dam based on risk. The application methodology demonstrates the feasibility assessment stage, covering the preliminary analysis for portfolio dams, followed by formal and individual risk analyzes for the most critical structures. These results confirm the applicability of risk analysis techniques, contributing to the consolidation of this toot as fundamental in the dam safety.
文摘A creative solution to financial gap in Indonesian infrastructure development is the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme. One of the constraints in PPP implementation in toll road infrastructure is the lack of interest from the private sector, which are caused by the uncertainties defined as risks surrounding the project. This urges the importance of risk analysis on project investment to describe the measurement of risk allocated to the private sector. This paper aims at measuring the risks impacts on the project viability using Cileunyi-Sumedang-Dawuan (Cisumdawu) Toll Road section as the case and finding some creative way out. By employing Monte Carlo risk analysis technique we are able to measure the risk impact perceived by the private sector through probability distribution of the project NPV and IRR. Based on the result of Monte Carlo analysis on the Cisumdawu toll road, the overall risk impact perceived by the private sector is too much to bear. The risks considered as high-impact are risks on land acquisition, risks on construction, risks on toll revenue, risks on interest rates and disaster risks on post construction phase. The result shows the importance of decreasing the risk level on the mentioned risk that can be done through the increased participation of local government in managing the toll road projects. A creative solution again is needed to strike balance between the interest of private sector and that of public sector to deal with risks.
文摘The analysis of principal data on Chinese banks highlights how they are exposed to credit risk, primarily generated from loans to public companies. Chinese banks have a good capital provision; The analysis of economic data describes a system oriented towards relationship lending; The average profitability per employee shows wide margins of improvement in terms of efficiency and technological equipment. The comparison with the case of Italy, which like China can be considered an economy heavily oriented to banking intermediation, it is useful to highlight some peculiarities of the Chinese banking system.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19831020).
文摘Based on the data obtained from a survey recently made in Shanghai, this paper presents the hybrid technique for risk analysis and evaluation of some diseases. After determination of main risk factors of these diseases by analysis of variance, the authors introduce a new concept ’Illness Fuzzy Set’ and use fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to evaluate the risk of suffering from a disease for residents. Optimal technique is used to determine the weights wi in fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and a new method ’Improved Information Distribution’ is also introduced for the treatment of small sample problem. It is shown that the results obtained by using the hybrid technique are better than by using single fuzzy technique or single statistical method.