从吹律听风到候气应律

本文考察汉代候气法源流,梳理其与先秦吹律传统的关联。先秦至汉的天文历法合同音律状况,有着从候风转向候气的一个漫长过渡期,即从吹律听风到候气应律。两者的转折在于由四时八节的纪年方法转向十二月历的纪年方法,由听辨风向、风力转向观测地气。通过与天文学、物理学、易学的比照,推断出候气应律并非单纯的定律制历的操作方法,而是联系了天体运行、物候占卜、数算推步、物理实验等因素的复合型定律法问题,并总结了引发候气的原因和影响候气准确率的因素来自于节气、闰法、岁差、地理、操作技术等条件的制约。从思想意识而言,先秦有机宇宙观至两汉元气论思想的演变,也是使测度时间、气候的规则从风律转向律气的原因。

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GUST RESPONSEALLEVIATION CONTROL SYSTEM FOR HELICOPTERS

Gust response alleviation is very important for helicopters which have strong coupling and vibration. Gust disturbance not only influences the ride quality and the precision of the weapon delivery, but also affects to the structural fatigue load and the strength. The method of an optimal control law to suppress the gust disturbance for helicopters is presented. The optimization requires the minimization of the vertical overload at the pilot′s seat, the attitude variation and the control energy consumption under the gust disturbance. Based on the original control system, the new system can be easily realized by adding a vertical speed feedback passage. In order to develop the real-time operational flight control system, the optimized control law is written in C language. The hybrid simulations prove that the performance of gust response alleviation and the efficiency of digitalization are satisfactory.

New Design Method for Engine Cooling Fan

Aim To put forward a type of math model for optimizing fan′s twisting law.Methods This math model wu based on turbo-machinery Euler equations and calculus of variation, it was conducted for optimizing the aerodynamic parameters along the blade height of the fan, and the math method was produced for the optimization of fan's twisting law. Results The type 6102Q engine cooling fan was optimized by use of this model, and the calculation on data were contrasted with those of iso-reaction coefficiency flow type and free vortex flow type. Some probleme existing in long blade can be solved by use of above method. Conclusion The design parameters needn't be determined artificially, so calculating results are more rational to a high degree than that from other mehods.

Numerical simulation study of gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation

Aiming at the issue that mass of gas emission from mining gob and the gas exceeded in working face, gob air leakage field and gas migration regularity in downlink ventilation was studied. In consideration of the influence of natural wind pressure to analyze the stope face differential pressure, gob air leakage field distribution and gas migration regularity theoretically. Established a two-dimensional physical model with one source and one doab, and applied computational fluid dynamics analysis software Fluent to do numerical simulation, analyzed and contrasted to the areas of gob air leakage on size and gas emission from gob to working face on strength when using the downlink ventilation and uplink ventilation. When applied downward ventilation in stope face, the air leakage field of gob nearly working face, and the air leakage intensity were smaller than uplink, this can effectively reduce the gas emission from gob to working face; when used downlink ventilation, the air leakage airflow carry the lower amount of gas to doab than uplink ventilation, and more easily to mix the gas, reduced the possibility of gas accumulation in upper comer and the stratified flows, it can provide protection to mine with safe and effective production.

Mechanism analysis and process optimization of sand and plug removal with rotating jet in horizontal well

In the view of the problems existing in horizontal well,such as sand depositing and cleaning difficulty of borehole,a technology with rotating jet suitable to resolution of the problems was presented.Based on liquid solid two-phase flow theory,the analyses on the sand movement law and the swirling field influential factors were conducted.Results show that:1) With the increasing of displacement in horizontal section annulus,swirling field strength increases,and when the displacement is constant,the closer from the nozzle,the stronger the swirling field strength is;2) Head rotating speed and liquid viscosity have little influence on the swirling field strength,but the sand-carrying rate of fluid can increase by increasing liquid viscosity in a certain range;3) Rotating the string and reducing its eccentricity in annulus are conducive for sand migration in the annulus;4) The sand can be suspended and accelerated again and the swirling field strength is enhanced by the helix agitator.Hence,the research results provide the theoretical basis for the design and application of rotating jet tool.

Reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation of Carboniferous volcanic weathered crust of Zhongguai high area in the western Junggar Basin, China

Based on the drilling,cores,logs,seismic,laboratory analysis and so on,reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation of Carboniferous volcanic weathered crust in Zhongguai high area are studied.Volcanic rocks were formed in an island arc environment.The lithology is mainly andesite and tuff;Reservoir spaces are mainly secondary pore,fracture and their combination forms,fractures have a better effect on reservoir seepage;There are four layer structures of volcanic weathered crust,weathered clay layer,strongly weathered zone,weakly weathered zone and unweathered zone and strongly weathered zone is the best,which is the main reservoir development zone;The development of reservoir is mainly affected by weathering-leaching,lithology and lithofacies,and fault(fracture);Effective reservoirs could reach to 480 m thickness(high quality reservoirs are within 240 m).Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs are distributed along three zones,which are near the fault zone,high structural part,favorable lithofacies development zone,and one plane,which is near the unconformity.

Self-Similar Characteristic for the Ramp Structures of Wind Speed

Time series of wind speed are composed of large and small ramp structures. Data analysis reveals a power law relation between the linear slope of ramp structures and the time scale. This suggests that these ramp structures of wind speed have a self-similar characteristic. The lower limit of the self-similar scale range was 2 s. The upper limit is unexpectedly large at 27 rain. Data are collected from grassland, city, and lake areas. Although these data have different underlying surfaces, all of them clearly show a power law relation, with slight differences in their power exponents.

Regularity of Wind-dispelling Medication Prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan:A Data Mining Technology-based Study

Objective To extract and analyze information on the regularity with which wind-dispelling medication was prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan and many doctors of his school of thought and to provide theoretical basis and ideas for modern clinical application to facilitate the use,research,and development of these medications.Methods Original data on wind-dispelling medication described in LI Dong-Yuan’s works were collected,sorted and organized.Data mining and comprehensive analysis were performed by using a series of data processing softwares,such as SPSS 22.0,Modeler 18.0 and x Miner.By reviewing LI Dong-Yuan’s writings on wind-dispelling medication,the number of prescriptions for wind-dispelling medication were counted.Frequency of use of wind-dispelling medication was determined,and association rules analysis,factor analysis,and core drug network analysis were used to reveal associations of the symptoms of syndromes and treatment with wind-dispelling medication and to reveal the regularity with which these medications were prescribed by LI Dong-Yuan.Results A total of 356 prescriptions and 121 flavors of winddispelling medication were observed.Among them,five kinds of medicinal properties,seven kinds of medicinal tastes,and 12 kinds of meridians were identified.Furthermore,herbs were divided into 18 categories according to their efficacy.Statistical analysis showed that there were 23 wind-dispelling medications that were prescribed with a frequency of≥60.The mainly used drugs were Saposhnikoviae Radix(Fang Feng,防风),Bupleuri Radix(Chai Hu,柴胡),Cimicifugae Rhizoma(Sheng Ma,升麻),Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix(Qiang Huo,羌活),Puerariae Lobatae Radix(Ge Gen,葛根),Chuanxiong Rhizoma(Chuan Xiong,川芎),and Ephedrae Herba(Ma Huang,麻黄).In addition,we analyzed the association rules wind-dispelling medication and obtained 23 one-to-one drug association rules and 11 multiple-to-one drug association rules.The core drug network analysis data visualization showed core drugs used in the treatment of external wind assailing the exterior(wind-cold,wind-heat,wind-dampness,etc.),wind-stroke,and tonifying middle and replenishing Qi.Factor analysis was performed on the drugs used by LI Dong-Yuan,and finally 4 groups of wind medicine combinations were obtained.Conclusions This data mining-based study on the regularity of wind-dispelling medication described in LI Dong-Yuan’s works is of great significance,because it reveals the clinical application of its theoretical formulae and medications.

Retakaful From Syariah Perspective： A Comparative Study

Retakaful is an arrangement to risk of retention limit funding takaful. Similarly, risk arrangements are operated by reinsurance to insurance funding. But, how is the retakaful legal status in Islamic law and the differences between reinsurance. The objective of this study is to identify the status of the retakaful in Islamic law and identify the differences between reinsurance. The study to found that retakaful is prescribed and an alternative to reinsurance, as well as a method of financial protection against the various risks of the takaful industry in excess of the retention limit, which may occur at any time in accordance with the principles of Sharia. Also in this method of risk arrangements, It is found that there are very significant differences in risk between retakaful and conventional reinsurance.

Two anomalous convective systems in the tropical western Pacific and their influences on the East Asian summer monsoon

By decomposing outgoing Iongwave radiation through empirical orthogonal function （EOF） analysis, the authors identify two anomalous convective systems in the tropical western Pacific. Besides the classical convective system near the Philippines （PC）, there is another convective system near the Federated States of Micronesia （MC）. As the first EOF component in this region, the variance explained by MC is higher than that by PC. Both MC and PC are regulated by the tropical sea surface temperature （SST） anomalies. While PC is associated with an El Ni^o event, MC is correlated with SST anomalies in the central and eastern Pacific during summer. It is also found that the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） is influenced by these two convective systems. In general, enhanced （suppressed） convection corresponds to an eastwards （westwards） western Pacific subtropical high with weak （strong） intensity. Besides, the summer monsoon rainfall from the Yangtze River basin to Japan tends to increase （decrease） when PC is suppressed （enhanced）. By comparison, the influence of MC is generally weak, with vague signals in the East Asian continent. Moreover, the influence of suppressed convection on the EASM is more significant than that of enhanced convection.

Atrial fibrillation： the current epidemic

Atrial fibrillation （AF） is the most common arrhythmia diagnosed in clinical practice. The consequences of AF have been clearly estab- lished in multiple large observational cohort studies and include increased stroke and systemic embolism rates if no oral anticoagulation is prescribed, with increased morbidity and mortality. With the worldwide aging of the population characterized by a large influx of ＂baby boomers＂ with or without risk factors for developing AF, an epidemic is forecasted within the next 10 to 20 years. Although not all studies support this evidence, it is clear that AF is on the rise and a significant amount of health resources are invested in detecting and managing AF This review focuses on the worldwide burden of AF and reviews global health strategies focused on improving detection, prevention and risk stratification of AF, recently recommended by the World Heart Federation.

Legal Risks and Precautions of Margin Pledge

The margin of credit business in commercial bank has the problems if legal nature identification and juridical practice has identical comprehension on margin, and that the non-standard financial source and operations of margin makes legal risks. Therefore, the prevention and control measures should be taken for the open and accounting of margin account, drawdown of margin, maintenance of account information, and freezing and deduction of margin of competent organs.

The Fractional Power Law of Wind Wave Growth in Deep Water for Short Fetch

Combining the 3/2 power law proposed by Toba with the significant wave energy balance equation for wind waves, wave growth in deep water for short fetch is investigated. It is found that the variations of wave height and period with fetch have the form of power function with fractional exponents 3/8 and 1/4 respectively. Using these exponents in the power functions and through data fitting, the concise wind wave growth relations for short fetch are obtained.

Importance of strengthening the control of bank risk under information background

In the context of the information age, with the causes of the financial deregulation of the bank in the financial industry competition intensifies, the communication of science and technology advancement, there are innovative financial instruments to achieve orgasm. With that, comes the increased risk of commercial banks. China＇ s banking innovation started late, but rapidly develops. More seriously, in the development of the innovation process, there is not enough emphasis on the legal risk, which causes great risks.

The Impacts of Tax Procedures Reform on Business Environment in Vietnam： Achievements and Further Reforms

Tax procedures are factors that strongly affect the business environment. A simple and convenient tax procedures system will contribute to a good business environment by easing of tax returns preparation, reducing tax compliance costs, and preventing corruption. This paper examines the results and impacts of previous tax procedures reform on Vietnam＇s business environment, identifies challenges of tax procedures reform now and the coming years, and discusses areas where further reforms are needed to sustain tax revenue and reduce compliance costs including： （1） wansparent and comprehensive guidance to all tax laws and other legal tax documents; （2） widening the application of risk management in tax administration; （3） continuing simplification of tax procedures; and （4） development of IT in tax administration.

Underground pressure appearance laws analysis for fully mechanized top coal slice caving on high-dipping thick coal seams

Taking Adaohai Coal Mine as the example, underground pressure appearance laws of fully mechanized top coal slice caving on high-dipping and thick coal seams. Through site visit, theoretical analysis and discrete element calculation, the research shows that, as the mining deepens, underground stress of lower sublevels is more obvious and higher than that of upper sublevels and is higher in the air return roadway than that in the air intake roadway in the area that is near to the top coal. Because the top coal is thick and gangue is caved above the support, underground pressure to the working face is relatively gentle. Immediate roof will mainly fall down along the floor. Main roof and the rock bed above the main roof will move to the mined out area along the fault in the early stage and then fall down with the mined out area later. In addition, roof pressure mainly periodically appears in two directions along the trend and the dip.

Unsteady temperature field of surrounding rock mass in high geothermal roadway during mechanical ventilation

To explore the spatial-temporal evolution law of rock mass temperature in high geothermal roadway during mechar^ical ventilation, a series of experiments were conducted based on the physical simulation test system of thermal and humid environment in high geothermal roadway, which is a method independently developed by China University of Mining and Technology. The results indicate that during ventilation, the disturbed region of the temperature extends gradually from shallow area to deep area in the surrounding rock mass of the roadway. Meanwhile, the temperature increases as the exponential function from shallow area to deep, with steady decrease of the temperature gradient and heat flux. As the ventilation proceeds, the relationship between dimensionless temperature and dimensionless time approximately meets Hill function.

Reflections on China＇s equity crowd-funding and guard against the risk of problems

At present, China＇s equity crowd-funding platform development like a raging fire, its business model is financing online for small and medium-sized enterprises, many investors to participate in the same project, while equity in return for a platform to receive a certain percentage of service charge. However, no related domestic regulatory measures, divorced from a legal gray zone, improper operation may become a pool of funds to engage in illegal fund-raising, illegal securities activities. Therefore, this article is based on two domestic representative platform-＂Angercrunch＂and ＂Dajiatou＂ to raise public equity, the comparative study of the problem currently facing a series of recommendations, including the introduction of regulation, improve the legal system, conduct investor risk education and self-education, etc.

Risk Assessment of Veterinary Drug Residues： The Dietary Exposure Assessment of Benzylpenicillin and Tetracycline Residues in Pork Consumed on Filipino Market

Biological, physical and chemical agents, recognized as food safety hazards, cause potential risks in modem food productions. Although the use of antibiotics in intensive animal productions is impossible to avoid the presence and remaining amount of their residues in food, it is possible to reduce them by using the principles of good veterinary, good manufacturing practices, and continuous control of food and risk assessment approach. This study was conducted to determine exposure risk to antibiotic drug residues in pork consumed in the Philippines and aimed to estimate dietary exposure of benzylpenicillin and tetracycline residues by age and gender groups. Dietary modeling, validated method used, combines food consumption data with food chemical concentration data to estimate dietary exposure to food chemicals. The results had shown that the dietary exposure of benzylpenicillin and tetracycline residues for children from 1 to 〈 3 years old had the highest exposure followed by adolescents, adults and infants while males were significantly lower than females （P 〈 0.05）. This is the initial study to determine risk assessment of dietary exposure to antibiotic residue of different population of Filipino groups.

放翁词的艺术追求与江西诗风

陆游的《放翁词》以雄慨为其主体风格,但他在词的创作中又有着自己独特的艺术追求,讲典重、求工丽、重音律,于雄慨之中呈现出一种特有的典丽之美,音律亦于和谐中带有拗峭之势。这种艺术追求既和词坛风气有关,又和江西诗派的诗学观念及注重“诗内功夫”的风习有一定的联系。