澳大利亚西南部风成砂屑灰岩的分布、形态和时代特征

在澳大利亚西南沿海,特别是在南邦(Nambung)国家公园,成千上万个高达5m、宽2m、相距0.5m的锥形风成砂屑灰岩组成壮观的喀斯特地貌,为形成于更新世含钙质/微生物的古土壤沉积物。锥形风成砂屑灰岩的形态多种多样,可以随岩性不同而变化,构成锥形风成沉积岩和圆柱形微生物岩。在南邦,锥形风成砂屑灰岩大量溶解,最后形成大量石英碎屑,石英碎屑经再沉积掩埋再形成这些锥状风成砂屑灰岩,属于风成岩溶作用,发生在70ka前;340~380ka间风成砂屑灰岩发育要弱。

A "Yellow Cap" on Quaternary Red Clay in Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province

A thin layer of yellow-brown-colored earth was generally found on Quaternary red clay in Jiujiang,Jiangxi Province. A typical profile was established. Both particle size distribution and REE (rare earthelements) characteristics of the yellow-brown-colored earth of the profile fully suggested its aeolian origin andclose similarity to Naming Xiashu loess. The study also implied aeolian origin of the underlying Quaternaryred clap Compared with the red clay, the yellow- brown- colored earth was less weathered because of its lowercontent of free iron and higher mole ratios of SiO2/A12O3 and SiO2/(Fe2O3+A12O3 ) as well as its lessdeveloped chemical microtextures of quartz grains.In order to study the aged of the two deposits comparatively, the thermoluminescent dating method wasused. As a result, the bottom of the yellow-brown-colored esrth was dated to 6015 ka B. P. and the upperpart of the red clay 38854 ka B. P. It was suggested that the yellow- browm- colored earth was formed inthe Late Pleistocene and was probably the aeolian deposit of the Last Glacial, which corresponded with theMalan loess in the Loess Plateau of the northwestern part of China; while the underlying red clay was formedin the Middle Pleistocene.A "yellow cap" on Quaternary red clay in Jiujiang implied a great climatic and environmental varistionin the beginning of the Late Pleistocene in the southern pot of China, especially in the middle and lowerreaches of the Yangtze River. The eveal not only halted the rubification, once dominating the region, butalso produced a widespread covering of aeolian deposit, as only occurred in the cold and dry environment.

Role of Lichens in Weathering and Soil－Forming Pro－cesses in Fildes Peninsula，Antarctic

Lichens play an unparalleledly vital role in weathering and soil-forming processes in Antarctic region. Inthis study some related chemical components and micromorphological analyses have been carried out on thesamples of the weathered rocks and the lichens grown on them from Fildes Peninsula, Antarctic. The resultsindicated that the major chemical components in the bioweathering surface layer of the sampled rocks havebeen obviously altered and the weathering potential in this layer has greatly decreased by an average rangearound 4.66 percent in 4 samples. In the weathering surface layer ferruginmation of some minerals in varyingdegrees was seen by means of microscopic examination through the thin section of the weathered rocks, andits products proved to be dominated by hematite, limonite, goethite and free iron oxides Meanwhile, thestudy suggested that the dissolntion and absorption of lichens by their secretion accelerated the process ofcalcitization of minerals in the bicaweathering surface layer. Eventually, the results aIso show that differentspeciesof lichens play different roles in weathering and soilforming processes.

Trace element composition of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc:Insights into the geochemical effects of serpentinization and/or seafloor weathering

Peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc were sampled on the landward trench slope of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana (IBM) subduction zone by dredging.These mantle wedge peridotites underwent hydration by fluid derived from a dehydrated descending slab,and later interacted with seawater after emplacement at or near the seafloor.This study investigates how these two different rock-fluid interaction processes influenced trace element distribution in the southern Mariana forearc peridotites.We measured trace element concentrations of peridotites from the southern Mariana forearc.The southern Mariana forearc peridotites are characterized by a distinct seawater-like REE pattern with an obvious negative Ce anomaly,and La shows good correlation with other REEs (except Ce).In addition,there is a great enrichment of U,Pb,Sr and Li elements,which show a distinct positive anomaly relative to adjacent elements in the multi-element diagram.For the seawater-like REE pattern,we infer that REEs are mainly influenced by seawater during peridotite-seawater interactions after their emplacement at or near the seafloor,by serpentinization or by marine weathering.Furthermore,the anomalous behavior of Ce,compared with other rare earth elements in these samples,may indicate that they have undergone reactions involving Ce (IV) when the peridotites interacted with seawater.Positive U,Pb,Sr and Li anomalies are inferred to be related to seawater and/or fluids released during dehydration of the subducting slab.

A preliminary study on ore-forming environments of Xianglushan-type iron deposit and the weathering mineralization of Emeishan basalt in Guizhou Province, China

Xianglushan-type iron deposits are one of the new types of iron deposits found in the Weining Area of Western Guizhou. The iron-bearing rock system is a paleo-weathered crustal sedimentary(or accumulating) stratum between the top of the Middle-Late Permian Emeishan basalt formation and the Late Permian Xuanwei formation. Iron ore is hosted in the Lower-Middle part of the rock system. In terms of the genesis of mineral deposit, this type of deposit should be a basalt paleo-weathering crustal redeposit type, very different from marine sedimentary iron deposits or continental weathering crust iron deposits. Based on field work and the analytical results of XRD Powder Diffraction, Electron Probe, Scanner Electron Microscope, etc., the geological setting of the ore-forming processes and the deposit features are illustrated in this paper. The ore-forming environment of the deposit and the Emeishan basalt weathering mineralization are also discussed in order to enhance the knowledge of the universality and diversity of mineralization of the Emeishan Large Igneous Province(ELIP), which may be a considerable reference to further research for ELIP metallogenic theories, and geological research for iron deposits in the paleo-weathering crust areas of the Emeishan basalt,Southwestern, China.

半干旱区沼泽沉积物粒度特征及环境意义

以半干旱区无尾河下游漫流区的向海沼泽为研究对象 ,通过对沼泽垂直剖面的精细采样 ,将放射性核素精确计年与沉积物粒度研究相结合 ,进行高分辨率剖析。结果表明 ,沼泽垂直剖面颗粒的基本构成以粉砂和砂为主 ,沉积环境变化频繁。流水作用以河流为主 ,并有受洪水影响的痕迹。部分层位的风成作用明显是那个时代干旱的标志。沙丘风蚀与风的搬运作用 ,局部改变了沼泽区域上沉积物的组成 ,使之粗化 ,是沼泽退化的诱因之一。向海沼泽沉积物颗粒表现出来的韵律性准周期变化特征 ,揭示了流域气候“干—湿”的周期性演替。

150ka以来毛乌素沙漠的堆积与变迁过程

在萨拉乌苏河流域新近命名的“米浪沟湾地层剖面”记录了 1 5 0kaBP以来毛乌素地区 2 7个旋回的沙漠与河湖相和古土壤沉积发育的交替演变的历史 .研究表明 ,这种沉积模式是由过去亚洲冬季风与夏季风相互对峙。