六神曲传统制作工艺考证

造酱黄法与造曲法为六神曲制作两大主流方法,在明清时期并行不悖。曲饼以“握得聚,扑得散”为要诀,包裹的材料有苘麻叶、楮叶、纸等,覆盖药饼的材料有麦秸、黄荆、青蒿等,包裹与覆盖的目的不是单纯为了增加温度与湿度;六神曲需干燥久陈,时间以1年为宜。通过实践操作传统造曲法、《本草纲目》造酱黄法、《齐民要术》黄蒸法结合《全国中药炮制规范》《卫生部药品标准·中药成方制剂》中六神曲的制作方法提出,六神曲传统制作工艺尚待研究的内容有比较罨曲法、风曲法与造酱黄法对神曲成分的影响,优选包裹与覆盖曲饼的材料,神曲切制时间等。

相聚幽兰间——上海部分高校昆曲社团活动剪影

谁曾想到，源自500年前的古老昆曲，会在研读当代科学文化的高等学府里寻到知音，陪伴众多学人学子，浅唱兼着低吟，情也袅袅，意也袅袅。

阿炳的二胡演奏艺术及其形式美——在纪念阿炳诞生一百周年国际学术研讨会上的发言

二胡演奏艺术已经臻于自觉和成熟,成为一个独立的艺术门类,其历史性标志是:大批二胡演奏家、教育家、作曲家的涌现;大批作品的产生;演奏技术的高度发展;二胡乐器的改良;社会二胡审美风尚的形成以及对外文化交流二胡艺术走向世界等。

New Design Method for Engine Cooling Fan

Aim To put forward a type of math model for optimizing fan′s twisting law.Methods This math model wu based on turbo-machinery Euler equations and calculus of variation, it was conducted for optimizing the aerodynamic parameters along the blade height of the fan, and the math method was produced for the optimization of fan's twisting law. Results The type 6102Q engine cooling fan was optimized by use of this model, and the calculation on data were contrasted with those of iso-reaction coefficiency flow type and free vortex flow type. Some probleme existing in long blade can be solved by use of above method. Conclusion The design parameters needn't be determined artificially, so calculating results are more rational to a high degree than that from other mehods.

Prognostic value of fibrinogen and D-dimer-fibrinogen ratio in resectable gastrointestinal stromal tumors

AIM To investigate the prognostic value of preoperative fbri-nogen concentration （FIB） and D-dimer-fibrinogen ratio （DFR） in gastrointestinal stromal tumors （GISTs）.METHODS The purpose of this study was to retrospectively ana-lyze 170 patients with GISTs who were admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to December 2015. The op-timal cutoff values of related parameters were estimated by receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis. The recurrence free survival （RFS） rate was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze the prognostic factors of GISTs. The relationship between the FIB, D-dimer, DFR, platelet count （PLT）, and the clinicopathological features of GISTs was described by the chi-square test or nonparametric rank sum test （Mann-Whitney test）.RESULTS In ROC analysis, the optimal cutoff values of FIB, D-dimer, DFR, and PLT were 3.24 g/L, 1.24 mg/L, 0.354, and 197.5 （× 109/L）, respectively. Univariate analysis and the Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that FIB, D-dimer, DFR, PLT,National Institutes of Health （NIH） risk category, tumor size, tumor location, and mitotic index were signifcantly relevant to the 3-year and 5-year survival rate of patients （ P 〈 0.05）. Cox multivariate regression analysis illustrated that FIB （RR： 0.108, 95%CI： 0.031-0.373）, DFR （RR： 0.319, 95%CI： 0.131-0.777）, and NIH risk category （ RR： 0.166, 95%CI： 0.047-0.589） were independent prognostic factors of the RFS rate （ P 〈 0. 05）. Moreover, FIB, D-dimer, DFR, and PLT were correlated with the clinical features of GISTs.CONCLUSIONFIB, D-dimer, DFR, and PLT are all related to the prognosis of GISTs. Moreover, FIB and DFR may be independent risk factors for predicting the prognosis of resectable GISTs.

Long-term prognosis in patients continuing taking antithrombotics after peptic ulcer bleeding

AIM To investigate the long-term prognosis in peptic ulcer patients continuing taking antithrombotics after ulcer bleeding, and to determine the risk factors that influence the prognosis. METHODS All clinical data of peptic ulcer patients treated from January 1, 2009 to January 1, 2014 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Patients were divided into either a continuing group to continue taking antithrombotic drugs after ulcer bleeding or a discontinuing group to discontinue antithrombotic drugs. The primary outcome of follow-up in peptic ulcer bleeding patients was recurrent bleeding, and secondary outcome was death or acute cardiovascular disease occurrence. The final date of follow-up was December 31, 2014. Basic demographic data, complications, and disease classifications were analyzed and compared by t- or χ2-test. The number of patients that achieved various outcomes was counted and analyzed statistically. A survival curve was drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the differencewas compared using the log-rank test. COX regression multivariate analysis was applied to analyze risk factors for the prognosis of peptic ulcer patients. RESULTS A total of 167 patients were enrolled into this study. As for the baseline information, differences in age, smoking, alcohol abuse, and acute cardiovascular diseases were statistically significant between the continuing and discontinuing groups(70.8 ± 11.4 vs 62.4 ± 12.0, P < 0.001; 8(8.2%) vs 15(21.7%), P < 0.05; 65(66.3%) vs 13(18.8%), P < 0.001). At the end of the study, 18 patients had recurrent bleeding and three patients died or had acute cardiovascular disease in the continuing group, while four patients had recurrent bleeding and 15 patients died or had acute cardiovascular disease in the discontinuing group. The differences in these results were statistically significant(P = 0.022, P = 0.000). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the incidence of recurrent bleeding was higher in patients in the continuing group, and the risk of death and developing acute cardiovascular disease was higher in patients in the discontinuing group(log-rank test, P = 0.000 for both). Furthermore, COX regression multivariate analysis revealed that the hazard ratio(HR) for recurrent bleeding was 2.986(95%CI: 067-8.356, P = 0.015) in the continuing group, while HR for death or acute cardiovascular disease was 5.216(95%CI: 1.035-26.278, P = 0.028).CONCLUSION After the occurrence of peptic ulcer bleeding, continuing antithrombotics increases the risk of recurrent bleeding events, while discontinuing antithrombotics would increase the risk of death and developing cardiovascular disease. This suggests that clinicians should comprehensively consider the use of antithrombotics after peptic ulcer bleeding.

Lateral-torsional buckling of box beam with corrugated steel webs

Corrugated steel web is folded along the longitudinal direction and has the mechanical properties such as axial compression stiffness corrugation effect, shear modulus corrugation effect, similar to that of an accordion. In order to study the lateral-torsional buckling of box beams with corrugated steel webs (BBCSW) under the action of bending moment load, the neutral equilibrium equation of BBCSW under the action of bending moment load is derived through the stationary value theory of total potential energy and further, along with taking Kollbrunner-Hajdin correction method and the mechanical properties of the corrugated web into consideration. The analytical calculation formula of lateral-torsional buckling critical bending moment of BBCSW is then obtained. The lateral-torsional buckling critical bending moment of 96 BBCSW test specimens with different geometry dimensions are then calculated using both the analytical calculation method and ANSYS finite element method. The results show that the analytical calculation results agree well with the numerical calculation results using ANSYS, thus proving the accuracy of the analytical calculation method and model simplification hypothesis proposed in this paper. Also, compared with the box beams with flat steel webs (BBFSW) with the same geometry dimensions as BBCSW, within the common range of web space-depth ratio and web span-depth ratio, BBCSW’s lateral-torsional buckling critical bending moment is larger than that of BBFSW. Moreover, the advantages of BBCSW’s stability are even more significant with the increase of web space-depth ratio and web depth-thickness ratio.

Effect of Porosity on the Wind Loads on a Hyperbolic Paraboloid Canopy Roof

A discussion is made of the wind force coefficients for designing the main wind force resisting systems of H.P. （Hyperbolic-Paraboid）-shaped porous canopy roofs on the basis of a wind tunnel experiment. Roof models with a number of small circular holes were made of nylon resin using laser lithography. The porosity was changed from 0 （solid） to 0.4. Besides the porosity, the geometric parameters of the models were the rise to span ratio and slope of the roof. The overall aerodynamic forces and moments acting on a model were measured by a six-component force balance in a turbulent boundary layer. The results indicate that the porosity significantly reduces the wind loads. The design wind force coefficients for porous canopy roofs can be provided by those for solid roofs with the same configuration multiplied by a reduction factor. The proposed wind force coefficients are verified by a comparison of the load effect predicted by the proposed wind force coefficients with the maximum load effect obtained from dynamic analyses using the time history of wind force and moment coefficients. The axial forces induced in the columns supporting the roof are regarded as the load effect for discussing the design wind loads.

Coronary heart disease incidence and competing risks： an important issue

The estimation of lifetime morbid events is not a rare presentation of relatively old and of more recent epidemi- ological investigations, accompanied by evaluating rates, risks and predictors （more in general determinants or risk factors）. However, when the follow-up period is very long and Kaplan-Meier survival curves are adopted, or Kaplan- Meier-based more complex models such as Cox＇s analysis are used, clinical （or epidemiological） reality may well be distorted since by these survival methods risks tend to be overestimated, whereas survival tends to be reduced.

Preoperative predictors of short-term survival after hepatectomy for multinodular hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM： To investigate preoperative factors associated with poor shore-term outcome after resection for multi- nodular hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and to assess the contraindication of patients for surgery, METHODS： We retrospectively analyzed 162 multi- nodular HCC patients with Child-Pugh A liver function who underwent surgical resection. The prognostic significance of preoperative factors was investigated by univariate analysis using the log-rank test and by multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model. Each independent risk factor was then assigned points to construct a scoring model to evaluate the in- dication for surgical intervention. A receiver operating characteristics （ROC） curve was constructed to assess the predictive ability of this system.RESULTS： The median overall survival was 38.3 mo （range： 3-80 too）, while the median disease-free sur- vival was 18.6 mo （range： 1-79 too）. The 1-year mor- tality was 14%. Independent prognostic risk factors of 1-year death included prealburnin 〈 170 rng/L [hazard ratio （HR）： 5.531, P 〈 0.001], alkaline phosphatase 〉 129 U/L （HR： 3.252, P = 0.005）, α fetoprotein 〉 20 μg/L （HR： 7.477, P = 0.011）, total tumor size 〉 8 cm （HR： 10.543; P 〈 0.001）, platelet count 〈 100×109/L （HR： 9.937, P 〈 0.001）, and y-glutamyl transpeptidase 〉 64 U/L （HR： 3.791, P 〈 0.001）. The scoring model had a strong ability to predict 1-year survival （area under ROC： 0.925, P 〈 0.001）. Patients with a score ≥5 had significantly poorer short-term outcome than those with a score 〈 5 （1-year mortality： 62% vs 5%, P 〈 0.001; 1-year recurrence rate： 86% vs 33%, P 〈 0.001）. Patients with score ≥5 had greater possibility of microvascular invasion （P 〈 0.001）, poor tumor dif- ferentiation （P = 0.003）, liver cirrhosis with small nod- ules （P 〈 0.001）, and intraoperative blood transfusion （P = 0.010）. CONCLUSION： A composite preoperative scoring model can be used as an indication of prognosis of HCC patients after surgical resection. Resection should be considered with caution in patients with a score ≥5, which indicates a contraindication for surgery.

Reduced Popdc3 expression correlates with high risk and poor survival in patients with gastric cancer

AIM： To investigate the expression of Popeye domain containing 3 （Popdc3） and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis of gastric cancer.METHODS： The method of immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the expression of Popdc3 in 306 cases of human gastric cancer and 84 noncancerous gastric tissues. Simultaneously, the relationship between Popdc3 expression and the survival of the patients was retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS： Popdc3 was detected in 72 （85.71%） of 84 human nontumor mucosa. High expression of Popdc3protein was detected in 78 （25.49%） of 306 human gastric cancer cases, and low expression was detected in 228 （74.51%）. Low expression of Popdc3 correlated with depth of invasion （P 〈 0.0001）, regional lymph nodes （P 〈 0.0001） and distant metastasis （P =0.02）, and tumor, nodes, metastasis （TNM） stages （P 〈 0.0001）. On multivariate analysis, only the patient＇s gender, regional lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, TNM stages, and the expression of Popdc3 were independent prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer. The Kaplan-Meier plot showed that low Popdc3 expression had a much more significant effect on the survival of those patients with early-stage tumors X^2 = 104.741, P 〈 0.0001）, with a 〉 51.9% reduction in the three-year survival compared with high Popdc3 expression. In late stages, the difference was also significant X^2 = 5.930, P = 0.015）, with a 32.6% reduction in the three-year survival.CONCLUSION： Reduced expression of Popdc3 may play a significant role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric cancer. Popdc3 may be an independent prognostic factor.

A dipole wind curl pattern induced by Taiwan Island and its effect on upper stratification in the northeastern South China Sea

Using hydrographic data sampled during four successive late summer-early autumn cruises in 2004-2007, vertical stratification along transects in the lee of Taiwan Island was analyzed to investigate upper ocean responses to orographically induced dipole wind stress curl (WSC). Results indicate that mixed-layer depth (MLD) and its relationship with thermocline depth varied under different local wind forcings. Average MLD along the transects from the 2004 to 2007 cruises were 18.5,30.7,39.2 and 24.5m, respectively. The MLD along the transects deepened remarkably and resulted in thermocline ventilation in 2005 and 2006, whereas ventilation did not occur in 2004 and 2007. Estimates indicate that frictional wind speed was the major factor in MLD variations. To a large degree, the combined effects of frictional wind speed and Ekman pumping are responsible for the spatial pattern of MLD during the cruises.

Risk factors for predicting early variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation

AIM: To analyze the clinical risk factors for early variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL).METHODS: 342 cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices who received elective EVL to prevent bleeding or rebleeding at our endoscopy center between January 2005 and July 2010.were included in this study.The early rebleeding cases after EVL were confirmed by clinical signs or endoscopy.A case-control study was performed comparing the patients presenting with early rebleeding with those without this complication.RESULTS: The incidence of early rebleeding after EVL was 7.60%,and the morbidity of rebleeding was 26.9%.Stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that four variables were independent risk factors for early rebleeding: moderate to excessive ascites [odds ratio (OR) 62.83,95% CI: 9.39-420.56,P < 0.001],the number of bands placed (OR 17.36,95% CI: 4.00-75.34,P < 0.001),the extent of varices (OR 15.41,95% CI: 2.84-83.52,P = 0.002) and prothrombin time (PT) > 18 s (OR 11.35,95% CI: 1.93-66.70,P = 0.007).CONCLUSION: The early rebleeding rate after EVL is mainly affected by the volume of ascites,number of rubber bands used to ligate,severity of varices and prolonged PT.Effective measures for prevention and treatment should be adopted before and after EVL.

Long-Term Impact of Extra Sediment on Notches and Incised Meanders in the Hoshe River, Taiwan

The extra sediment load induced by typhoons and rainstorms in the Heshe River, Taiwan, are the principal reason for severe sediment-related disasters. The total sediment load during Typhoon Morakot in 9009 was 31 x lo6 m3, accounting for 95% of the annual sediment discharge. Large amounts of sediment load entered the Hoshe River, causing the braiding index （BI） to increase. Subsequently, the BI became positively correlated with the channel width in the Hoshe River. The specific typhoon and rainstorm events decreased after Typhoon Morakot, the sediment input decreased, inducing the fluvial morphology of the braided river to develop into a meandering river. The extra sediment load induced the deposition depth to increase and produce a headward deposition in the main channel and its tributaries. In addition, the river bend and the topographical notch restrained the sediment from moving downstream and being stored locally, indirectly increasing the erosion density of the river banks from 2.5 to lo.5 times.

Experimental study on f-ω regulation model under abnormal methane emission

In view of the difficulty of automatic adjustment, the recovery lag and the major accident potential of the mine ventilation system, an experimental model of the pipe net was established according to the typical one mine and one working face ventilation system of Daliuta coal mine. Using the best uniform approximation method of Chebyshev interpolation to fit the fan performance curve, we experimentally determined fan characteristics with different frequencies and establish the data base for the curves. Based on ventilation network monitoring theory, we designed a monitoring system for ventilation network parameter monitoring and fan operating frequency automatic control. Using the absolute methane emission quantity to predict the air quantity requirement of branch and fan frequency, we established a f-ω regulation model based on fan frequency and absolute methane emission quantity. After analysing methane emission and distribution characteristics, using CO_2 to simulate the methane emission characteristics from a working face, we verified the correctness and rationality of the f-ω regulation model. The fan operation frequency is adjusted by the method of air adjustment change with methane emission quantity and the curve searching method after determining air quantity requirements. The results show that the air quantity in a branch strictly changes according to the f-ω regulation model, in the airincreasing dilution by fan frequency regulation, the CO_2 concentration is limited to the set threshold value. The paper verifies the practicability of a frequency regulation system and the feasibility of the frequency adjustment scheme and provides guidance for the construction of automatic frequency conversion control system in coal mine ventilation networks.

Evaluation of survival stow position and stability analysis for heliostat under strong wind

Heliostats are sensitive to the wind load, thus as a key indicator, the study on the static and dynamic stability bearing capacity for heliostats is very important. In this work, a numerical wind tunnel was established to calculate the wind load coefficients in various survival stow positions. In order to explore the best survival stow position for the heliostat under the strong wind, eigenvalue buckling analysis method was introduced to predict the critical wind load theoretically. Considering the impact of the nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection, the nonlinear post-buckling behaviors of the heliostat were investigated by load-displacement curves in the full equilibrium process. Eventually, combining B-R criterion with equivalent displacement principle the dynamic critical wind speed and load amplitude coefficient were evaluated. The results show that the determination for the best survival stow position is too hasty just by the wind load coefficients. The geometric nonlinearity has a great effect on the stability bearing capacity of the heliostat, while the effects of the material nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection are relatively small. And the heliostat is insensitive to the initial geometrical imperfection. In addition, the heliostat has the highest safety factor for wind-resistant performance in the stow position of 90-90 which can be taken as the best survival stow position. In this case, the extreme survival wind speeds for the static and dynamic stability are 150 m/s and 36 m/s, respectively.

A fast commonly-used algorithm of P-III distribution curve and its application

Based on theoretical analysis and studying other methods, P-III curve is transformed into an incomplete G function by means of mathematical expression transformation, thus the mathematical model of the fast commonly-used algorithm is drawn out. Algorithm comparison and practices demonstrate that the mathematical model has an easy algorithm, agile resolution process, very good commonality, faster convergence rate and better calculation accuracy, and can be applied to other respects.

Biomarkers and potential pathogenesis of colorectal cancer-related ischemic stroke

AIM To investigate the specific biomarkers and potential pathogenesis of colorectal cancer-related ischemic stroke(CRCIS).METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on CRCIS patients(colorectal cancer patients with ischemic stroke without conventional stroke risk factors) registered at seven centers between January 2007 and December 2017. Clinical data and laboratory and imaging findings were compared with age-and sex-matched patients with colorectal cancer(CRC) without ischemic stroke that were admitted to the same hospital during the same period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the independent risk factors for CRCIS. A receiver operator characteristic curve was configured to calculate the optimal cut-off value of the products of the independent risk factors for CRCIS. RESULTS A total of 114 CRCIS patients and 114 CRC patients were included. Multiple lesions in multiple vascular territories were common in CRCIS patients(71, 62.28%). The levels of plasma D-dimer, carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA), cancer antigen 125, and neutrophil count were significantly higher in CRCIS patients than in CRC patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that plasma D-dimer levels [odds ratio(OR) = 1.002, 95% confidence interval(CI): 1.001-1.003, P < 0.001], CEA levels(OR = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.006-1.015, P < 0.001), and neutrophil count levels(OR = 1.626, 95%CI: 1.268-2.087, P < 0.001) were independent risk factors for CRCIS. In addition, receiver operator characteristic curve revealed that the area under curve for the products of plasma D-dimer, CEA, and neutrophil count was 0.889 ± 0.022(95%CI: 0.847-0.932, P < 0.001), and the optimal cut-off value for the product was 252.06, which was called the CRCIS Index, with a sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 79.8%.CONCLUSION Hypercoagulability induced by elevated CEA and neutrophils may be an important cause of CRCIS. The CRCIS index, which serves as a biomarker of CRCIS, needs further study.

Scour effect on a sea-crossing bridge under combined action of service and extreme seismic loads

Foundation scour is an important cause for structural failure of sea-crossing bridges. Usually, the sea-crossing bridges operate under the harsh natural environment in which service wind, wave and vehicle loads are stronger and extreme loads such as earthquake, hurricane, and ship collision, are more frequent. As a result of the foundation scour,the dynamic behavior of bridge under different combined action of service and extreme loads may be further escalated.In particular, this work has investigated the scour effect on a sea-crossing bridge under service wind, wave and vehicle loads as well as extreme seismic loads. The dynamic coupled earthquake-wind-wave-vehicle-bridge(EWWVB) system is established by considering the interactions within the system, and the p-y curve method is used to calculate the loaddisplacement relation of the pile and soil under various levels of foundation scour. After that, a case study has been performed on a cable-stayed bridge with foundation scour. The results indicate that the dynamic characteristics of bridge structure will change after considering bridge scour, and the dynamic responses of bridge and vehicle will be affected to different degrees under service and seismic loads considering bridge scour.

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China

At present, the methods widely applied to assess ecological risk of heavy metals are essentially single-point estimates in which exposure and toxicity data cannot be fully used and probabilities of adverse biological effects cannot be achieved. In this study, based on investigation of concentrations of six heavy metals(As, Hg, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) in the surface seawater and sediment near the outlet of a zinc factory, located in Huludao City, Liaoning Province, China, a tiered approach consisting of several probabilistic options was used to refi ne ecological risk assessment for the individuals. A mixture of various heavy metals was detected in the surface seawater, and potential ecological risk index(PERI) was adopted to assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metals in the surface sediment. The results from all levels of aquatic ecological risk assessment in the tiered framework, ranging from comparison of single effects and exposure values to the use of distribution-based Hazard Quotient obtained through Monte Carlo simulation, are consistent with each other. Briefl y, aquatic Zn and Cu posed a clear ecological risk, while Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in the water column posed potential risk. As expected, combined ecological risk of heavy metal mixture in the surface seawater was proved signifi cantly higher than the risk caused by any individual heavy metal, calculated using the concept of total equivalent concentration. According to PERI, the severity of pollution by the six heavy metals in the surface sediment decreased in the following sequence: Cd>Hg>As>Pb>Cu>Zn, and the total heavy metals in the sediment posed a very high risk to the marine environment. This study provides a useful mathematical framework for ecological risk assessment of heavy metals.