With the rising of the Empire, 18th century Britain went through significant changes. Politics and economy in tandem with people＇s mobility led to the emergence of new and faster ways of climbing the social ladder, s...With the rising of the Empire, 18th century Britain went through significant changes. Politics and economy in tandem with people＇s mobility led to the emergence of new and faster ways of climbing the social ladder, shaping new social groups with newly acquired needs, that is, with lifestyles quite distinct from the previously known ones. The colonies with their increasing commercial activities and their equally growing administration created innumerable jobs, some of which proved to be very profitable indeed. People from all walks of life, from either the working class or to the aristocracy, tried their luck crossing the Atlantic to start a whole new life. After the loss of the American colonies, it fell on the South Asia dominions, i.e., India, to play the role of the land of opportunity. After the Battle of Plassey （1757） and of Buxar （1764）, the East India Company was politically empowered. India was in those days seen as a land of great potential： By either means of legitimate or corrupt business, one could possibly become immensely rich in a short time. These nouveau-riches, the so called ＂nabobs,＂ also adopted many shadings of authoritarianism and ostentation thought to be common among oriental leaders; the nawabs, they were called after. Once back in Great Britain, their manners, or the lack of them, and their display of wealth upset British public opinion some much that, as was to be expected, it resulted on their becoming the object of ridicule and ostracism in periodicals, theatre plays, poems, caricatures... Nevertheless, they actively contributed to structural changes in the meaning and uses of wealth, interfered in politics and inter-class relationships, created more jobs, and were keen on experimenting new methods either in agriculture, building, or industry. This paper, though acknowledging these relevant consequences, aims at highlighting their impact on the sphere of aesthetics. The forms and textures, the motives, and the colors they adopted in their clothing, their jewelry, as well as in their architectural projects brought forth a kind of flamboyant baroque. According to Deleuze＇s notion of the baroque （The Fold. Leibniz and the Baroque, 1993）, the assertion that the nabobs unfolded new, more colourful urban and rural landscapes is certainly possible to sustain. Marian Hastings, second wife to Warren Hastings, the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785, was considered the epitome of the ＂nabobina,＂ a feminine nabob. So, the ensuing paper will focus on her description in Eliza Ryves＇s satirical poem The Hastiniad, comparing it with some factual data about Marian Hastings＇s style, and the Hastings couple＇s home at Daylesford, Gloucestershire.展开更多
The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discus...The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.展开更多
Women in leadership and decision-making roles influence the policies and directions of organizations （Ahuja, 2002）. Women in leadership value supports from their organizations. Pro-social outcomes of relationship co...Women in leadership and decision-making roles influence the policies and directions of organizations （Ahuja, 2002）. Women in leadership value supports from their organizations. Pro-social outcomes of relationship competence are mediated by the development of empathy, collaborative approaches to conflict, self-disclosure, and social interest （Jogulu ＆ Wood, 2006）. Decision-making perspectives have uncertainty as the sole reason for organizational leaders to search for additional relevant information to solidify or clarify the information at the leader＇s disposal. A phenomenological qualitative research study which explored the preferred style of leadership based on three leadership and decision-making styles is presented in this paper1. The researcher gathered insights into the lived experiences of like-minded sample of respondents from the research population as they described their leadership and decisionmaking experiences within their organizations.展开更多
This study explores the relationship between socioeconomics and millinery style through an analysis of statistical data from the United States Bureau of Statistics. It was very common for women to wear hats in the ear...This study explores the relationship between socioeconomics and millinery style through an analysis of statistical data from the United States Bureau of Statistics. It was very common for women to wear hats in the early 20th century. Most studies regarding millinery are limited to a discussion of style, while some focus on extended functions of millinery styles such as how they aid in social communication. In this study, we discuss the relationship between a woman＇s socioeconomic status and her hat-wearing behavior. This study covers the period from 1900 through the 1960s, when there was a sudden decline in hat-wearing behavior. We analyzed the changes in the number of people listed in various occupational categories in the U.S. Bureau of Statistics data for each decade. Careful observation of labor distribution statistics for the job market can yield valuable insights about women＇s hat-wearing behaviors. Fluctuations in the population of the lower class were significantly correlated with changes in millinery. We also identified time-sensitive periods in millinery style that coincided with the two World Wars.展开更多
This paper displays the results of a survey of public music performances held during 2010 in Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Study of the audience of public musical events was limited only to the num...This paper displays the results of a survey of public music performances held during 2010 in Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Study of the audience of public musical events was limited only to the number of visitors. Field research included 653 musical events with a total of 545,340 visitors grouped into eight categories according to the preference by genres of music preference, age, status symbol, origin of the performers, space, and organizers. Our experience in monitoring public musical events through personal presence, the recorded materials, and the continuous monitoring of information from electronic and print media, enabled us to record events and to build some initial comments and assumptions about the structure of the audience and music preference. We have chosen to consider the impact of the sociological determinants on the preference of the audience in the public musical performances through the music genres, the age, the status symbol, the origin of the performers, the area of maintenance, and the organizers of musical events. According to the genre distribution, classical music events prevail, and the greatest numbers of visitors are registered at the pop rock concerts. The structure of the audience according to the age varies depending on the musical genre, so the widest age structure covers the events of pop rock music.展开更多
With the continuous development of society and culture,clothing is not just to make people feel warn. Production, design, and continuous innovation of appare aim to make clothing serve people better, satisfy the deman...With the continuous development of society and culture,clothing is not just to make people feel warn. Production, design, and continuous innovation of appare aim to make clothing serve people better, satisfy the demand of more people, and let people feel more comfortable, safer, more hygienic and more convenient. People would have more scientific and effective way in dominating his own clothing style, making clothes serving for people.展开更多
文摘With the rising of the Empire, 18th century Britain went through significant changes. Politics and economy in tandem with people＇s mobility led to the emergence of new and faster ways of climbing the social ladder, shaping new social groups with newly acquired needs, that is, with lifestyles quite distinct from the previously known ones. The colonies with their increasing commercial activities and their equally growing administration created innumerable jobs, some of which proved to be very profitable indeed. People from all walks of life, from either the working class or to the aristocracy, tried their luck crossing the Atlantic to start a whole new life. After the loss of the American colonies, it fell on the South Asia dominions, i.e., India, to play the role of the land of opportunity. After the Battle of Plassey （1757） and of Buxar （1764）, the East India Company was politically empowered. India was in those days seen as a land of great potential： By either means of legitimate or corrupt business, one could possibly become immensely rich in a short time. These nouveau-riches, the so called ＂nabobs,＂ also adopted many shadings of authoritarianism and ostentation thought to be common among oriental leaders; the nawabs, they were called after. Once back in Great Britain, their manners, or the lack of them, and their display of wealth upset British public opinion some much that, as was to be expected, it resulted on their becoming the object of ridicule and ostracism in periodicals, theatre plays, poems, caricatures... Nevertheless, they actively contributed to structural changes in the meaning and uses of wealth, interfered in politics and inter-class relationships, created more jobs, and were keen on experimenting new methods either in agriculture, building, or industry. This paper, though acknowledging these relevant consequences, aims at highlighting their impact on the sphere of aesthetics. The forms and textures, the motives, and the colors they adopted in their clothing, their jewelry, as well as in their architectural projects brought forth a kind of flamboyant baroque. According to Deleuze＇s notion of the baroque （The Fold. Leibniz and the Baroque, 1993）, the assertion that the nabobs unfolded new, more colourful urban and rural landscapes is certainly possible to sustain. Marian Hastings, second wife to Warren Hastings, the first de facto Governor-General of India from 1773 to 1785, was considered the epitome of the ＂nabobina,＂ a feminine nabob. So, the ensuing paper will focus on her description in Eliza Ryves＇s satirical poem The Hastiniad, comparing it with some factual data about Marian Hastings＇s style, and the Hastings couple＇s home at Daylesford, Gloucestershire.
文摘The goal of this research is to analyze and discuss the origin of Qipao as women's fashionable wear in the early Republic Period (1911-1949).The origin of Qipao fashion will be discussed in three aspects:1) discussion of the original time,place and consumer group of Qipao fashion;2) analysis of initial style and wear combination of Qipao,3) deduction of the origin of the name Qipao.Besides,the analysis will also be given about Qipao's aesthetic characters,its production,consumption guarantee as well as its social backgrounds.The research will be made on the basis of the principles and methods of history,social psychology of clothing and design,and will use many materials especially historical writings and publications to give a more detailed discussion.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Qipao as a kind of one-piece dress was not inherited directly from the robe of Banner Style. It was a new fashion in the 1920s, which combined the elements of long vest called Qipao Majia, Wenming Xin Zhuang and the Western dress. Secondly, the Shanghai female students were the pioneering group wearing Qipao in 1925. Thirdly, the gradual acceptance of Qipao was mainly due to its aesthetic characters, production, consumption as well as social backgrounds at that time. And it was the kind of daily wear of many Chinese women after 1927. Fourthly, since Qipao represents the special clothing which integrated Chinese traditional style and the Western fashion in the early Republic Period, Qipao is advised to be taken as a special term to take the place of the previous ones like Mandarin Dress, Chipau and Cheongsam and so on.
文摘Women in leadership and decision-making roles influence the policies and directions of organizations （Ahuja, 2002）. Women in leadership value supports from their organizations. Pro-social outcomes of relationship competence are mediated by the development of empathy, collaborative approaches to conflict, self-disclosure, and social interest （Jogulu ＆ Wood, 2006）. Decision-making perspectives have uncertainty as the sole reason for organizational leaders to search for additional relevant information to solidify or clarify the information at the leader＇s disposal. A phenomenological qualitative research study which explored the preferred style of leadership based on three leadership and decision-making styles is presented in this paper1. The researcher gathered insights into the lived experiences of like-minded sample of respondents from the research population as they described their leadership and decisionmaking experiences within their organizations.
文摘This study explores the relationship between socioeconomics and millinery style through an analysis of statistical data from the United States Bureau of Statistics. It was very common for women to wear hats in the early 20th century. Most studies regarding millinery are limited to a discussion of style, while some focus on extended functions of millinery styles such as how they aid in social communication. In this study, we discuss the relationship between a woman＇s socioeconomic status and her hat-wearing behavior. This study covers the period from 1900 through the 1960s, when there was a sudden decline in hat-wearing behavior. We analyzed the changes in the number of people listed in various occupational categories in the U.S. Bureau of Statistics data for each decade. Careful observation of labor distribution statistics for the job market can yield valuable insights about women＇s hat-wearing behaviors. Fluctuations in the population of the lower class were significantly correlated with changes in millinery. We also identified time-sensitive periods in millinery style that coincided with the two World Wars.
文摘This paper displays the results of a survey of public music performances held during 2010 in Skopje, the capital of the Republic of Macedonia. Study of the audience of public musical events was limited only to the number of visitors. Field research included 653 musical events with a total of 545,340 visitors grouped into eight categories according to the preference by genres of music preference, age, status symbol, origin of the performers, space, and organizers. Our experience in monitoring public musical events through personal presence, the recorded materials, and the continuous monitoring of information from electronic and print media, enabled us to record events and to build some initial comments and assumptions about the structure of the audience and music preference. We have chosen to consider the impact of the sociological determinants on the preference of the audience in the public musical performances through the music genres, the age, the status symbol, the origin of the performers, the area of maintenance, and the organizers of musical events. According to the genre distribution, classical music events prevail, and the greatest numbers of visitors are registered at the pop rock concerts. The structure of the audience according to the age varies depending on the musical genre, so the widest age structure covers the events of pop rock music.
文摘With the continuous development of society and culture,clothing is not just to make people feel warn. Production, design, and continuous innovation of appare aim to make clothing serve people better, satisfy the demand of more people, and let people feel more comfortable, safer, more hygienic and more convenient. People would have more scientific and effective way in dominating his own clothing style, making clothes serving for people.
