基于PIC微处理器的智能风淋净化控制系统

在简单分析工业用风淋净化控制系统基本工作原理及发展现状的基础上,介绍了一种基于PIC微处理器技术的、具有通道门连动互锁、系统参数LCD显示、语音同步提示等功能的智能型风淋净化控制系统。详尽阐述了系统的硬件组成、工作原理及软件在系统主要工作流程、可靠性等方面的设计与实现。最后,根据实际运行情况对系统冗错方面的技术提出了进一步的完善意见,具有普遍意义。

Column leaching process of rare earth and aluminum from weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore with ammonium salts

In order to better understand the leaching process of rare earth （RE） and aluminum （Al） from the weathered crust elutiondepositedRE ore, the mass transfer of RE and Al in column leaching was investigated using the chromatographic plate theory. Theresults show that a higher initial ammonium concentration in a certain range can enhance the mass transfer process. pH of leachingagent in the range of 2 to 8 almost has no effect on the mass transfer efficiency of RE, but plays a positive role in the mass transferefficiency of Al under strong acidic condition （pH〈4）. There is an optimum flow rate that makes the highest mass transfer efficiency.The optimum leaching condition of RE is the leaching agent pH of 4？8, ammonium concentration of 0.4 mol/L and flow rate of0.5 mL/min. The mass transfer efficiencies of RE and Al both follow the order： （NH4）2SO4〈NH4Cl〈NH4NO3, implying thecomplexing ability of anion.

涂装车间与洁净技术

阐述了汽车涂装车间内部洁净技术要求的重要性,提出了设计人员为满足达到高洁净度的几点做法。

养殖场不同入场消毒方法效果观察

本试验旨在观察自动化养殖场人员入场消毒风淋,喷雾消毒效果观察试验。本试验将营养琼脂平板涂布接种细菌后,置于半自动化、自动化养殖场入场消毒室内进行消毒,将消毒后的琼脂平板37℃恒温培养24~36 h,计数平板上菌落数,计算平均杀菌率。结果表明：半自动化喷雾消毒在0.1%浓度5min消毒杀菌率为53.55%,自动化风淋消毒在20 s除菌率达到29.80‰,自动化喷雾消毒在0.1%30 s时杀菌率最高达53.26%。

Simulation of one-dimensional column leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore

The ion exchange model of the leaching process was determined via batch leaching experiments using the Kerr model, with the selectivity coefficient experimentally determined to be 12.59×10^-10 L^2/g^2. Solute transport laws of ammonium ions (NH4 +) and rare earth ions (RE^3+) in column leaching were described by the convection-dispersion equation (CDE). The source and sink in the CDE were determined by the Kerr model. The CDE with strong nonlinearity was solved using the sequential non-iterative method. Compared with the breakthrough curve of RE^3+, the correlation coefficient between the simulated and experimental curves reached 0.8724. Therefore, this method can simulate the one-dimensional column leaching of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ore. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4) solution on the leaching rate of rare earth were analyzed. The optimal concentration of the (NH4)2SO4 solution had a linear relationship with the rare earth grade.

Soil−water characteristics of weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores

The permeability of the weathered crust elution-deposited rare earth ores directly affects the efficiency of in-situ leaching.The soil−water characteristic curve(SWCC)is an important constitutive relation for calculating the permeability of ore body,which is related to many factors.Soil−water characteristic tests of rare earth ore samples considering different factors were carried out by using the pressure plate instrument.Effects of dry density,particle size and solution leaching on water holding behavior and the mechanism were investigated.The experimental observations indicate that with the decrease of dry density,the pore ratio increases gradually,and the saturated water content increases.Under the same matric suction,the water content decreases gradually with the increase of particle size,thus decreasing water holding capacity of ore accordingly.In the same water content,matric suction is inversely proportional to particle size.Under the same matric suction,the water content of ore samples after leaching is less than that of the ore samples before leaching,indicating that solution leaching can decrease water holding capacity of ore.

Numerical analysis of aerated heap bioleaching with variable irrigation and aeration combinations

Forced aeration is an effective way to accelerate the heap bioleaching process.To reveal the effects of different irrigation and aeration combinations on bioleaching performance of copper sulfides,numerical simulations with COMSOL were carried out.Results showed the oxygen concentration is the highest at the bottom with forced aeration,the airflow transports spherically from the aeration pipeline to the slope,and the horizontal diffusion distance is further than vertical value.When the irrigation-to-aeration ratio is higher,the average heap temperatures are mainly decided by aeration rates;otherwise,temperature distributions are the equilibrium of mineral reaction heat,the livixiant driven heat and the airflow driven heat.When the aeration rate is higher than 0.90 m3/(m2·h),oxygen concentration is no longer a limiting factor for mineral dissolution.Additionally,on the premise of sufficient oxygen supply,Cu recovery rate is higher at the bottom with low irrigation rate;while it is higher at upper regions with high irrigation rate.The numerical analysis uncovered some insights into the dynamics and thermodynamics rules in bioleaching of copper sulfides with forced aeration.

Risk clinicopathological factors for lymph node metastasis in poorly differentiated early gastric cancer and their impact on laparoscopic wedge resection

AIM:To investigate the predictive factors of lymph node metastasis(LNM) in poorly differentiated early gastric cancer(EGC),and enlarge the possibility of using laparoscopic wedge resection(LWR).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed 85 patients with poorly differentiated EGC who underwent surgical resection between January 1992 and December 2010.The association between the clinicopathological factors and the presence of LNM was retrospectively analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.Odds ratios(OR) with 95%CI were calculated.We further examined the relationship between the positive number of the three significant predictive factors and the LNM rate.RESULTS:In the univariate analysis,tumor size(P = 0.011),depth of invasion(P = 0.007) and lymphatic vessel involvement(P < 0.001) were significantly associated with a higher rate of LNM.In the multivariate model,tumor size(OR = 7.125,95%CI:1.251-38.218,P = 0.041),depth of invasion(OR = 16.624,95%CI:1.571-82.134,P = 0.036) and lymphatic vessel involvement(OR = 39.112,95%CI:1.745-123.671,P = 0.011) were found to be independently risk clinicopathological factors for LNM.Of the 85 patients diagnosed with poorly differentiated EGC,12(14.1%) had LNM.The LNM rates were 5.7%,42.9% and 57.1%,respectively in cases with one,two and three of the risk factors respectively in poorly differentiated EGC.There was no LNM in 29 patients without the three risk clinicopathological factors.CONCLUSION:LWR alone may be sufficient treatment for intramucosal poorly differentiated EGC if the tumor is less than or equal to 2.0 cm in size,and when lymphatic vessel involvement is absent at postoperative histological examination.

Analysis of the T-Lymphocytes and Their Subpopu-lations of the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Urticaria

Objective: To study the function of cellular immunity of patients with urticaria. Methods:T-lymphocytes subpopulations of the peripheral Mood ire 60 patients with urticaria and 40 healthy controls were examined by flaw cytometry. Results: The number of CD3+ and CD4+ cells in the urticaria, group were significantly lower than tliose in the control group (P<0. 01) , especially in patients with acute urticaria. Conclusion: There was immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocyte in the patients with urticaria, and not only humoral immunity takes part but also cellular immunity plays a certain role in the pathogenesis of urticaria.

Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of childhood acute leukemia:a meta-analysis

Objective： The authors used a meta-analytic technique to quantify the evidence of an association between ma- ternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and childhood acute leukemia （AL）, which provided a basis for the prevention of childhood AL. Methods： Relevant literatures of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy were comprehensively searched and screened. Subgroup meta-analysis was conducted according to the type of leukemia. Results of research data of maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy were tested for heterogeneity. Combined OR values and 95% CIs were statistically calculated with RevMan 4.2 software; Funnel plots were applied to conduct bias analysis for those included litera- tures. Results： Ten related literatures were included after data screening, 4593 cases in AL group and 6157 cases in control group respectively. According to heterogeneity test result （X2 = 16.26, P 〈 0.05）, the combined OR values and 95% CI were calculated with random effects model, which were 1.02 （0.92-1.14）, Z = 0.41, P = 0.68 〉 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and the risk of childhood acute leukemia （AL）. Subgroup analysis： for the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and childhood acute lympho- blastic leukemia （ALL）, the combined OR value and 95% CI were 0.92 （0.84-1.00）, Z = 1.92, P = 0.05, indicating that there was significant difference between two groups; for the association between maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy and childhood acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia （ANLL）, the combined OR values and 95% CI were 0.82 （0.61-1.11）, Z = 1.30, P = 0.19 〉 0.05, indicating that there was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion： Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a risk factor in childhood ALL, but not in childhood ANLL.

Incidence and survival of stomach cancer in a high-risk population of Chile

AIM:To study the incidence and survival rate of stomach cancer(SC)and its associated factors in a high risk population in Chile. METHODS:The population-based cancer registry of Valdivia,included in the International Agency for Research on Cancer system,covers 356 396 residents of Valdivia Province,Southern Chile.We studied all SC cases entered in this Registry during 1998-2002 (529 cases).Population data came from the Chilean census(2002).Standardized incidence rates per 100 000 inhabitants(SIR)using the world population, cumulative risk of developing cancer before age 75, and rate ratios by sex,age,ethnicity and social factors were estimated.Relative survival(EdererⅡmethod) and age-standardized estimates(Brenner method) were calculated.Specific survival rates(Kaplan-Meier) were measured at 3 and 5 years and survival curves were analyzed with the Logrank and Breslow tests. Survival was studied in relation to demographics, clinical presentation,laboratory results and medical management of the cases.Those variables significantly associated with survival were later included in a Cox multivariate model. RESULTS:Between 1998 and 2002,529 primary gastric cancers occurred in Valdivia(crude incidence rate 29.2 per 100000 inhabitants).Most cases were male(69.0%), residents of urban areas(57.5%)and Hispanic(83.2%), with a low education level(84.5%<8 school years). SC SIR was higher in men than women(40.8 and 14.8 respectively,P<0.001),risk factors were low education RR 4.4(95%CI:2.9-6.8)and 1.6,(95%CI:1.1-2.1) for women and men respectively and Mapuche ethnicity only significant for women(RR 2.2,95%CI:1.2-3.7).Of all cases,76.4%were histologically confirmed,11.5% had a death certificate only(DCO),56.1%were TNM stageⅣ;445 cases(84.1%)were eligible for survival analysis,all completed five years follow-up;42 remained alive,392 died of SC and 11 died from other causes. Specific 5-year survival,excluding cases with DCO,was 10.6%(95%CI:7.7-13.5);5-year relative survival rate was 12.3%(95%CI:9.1-16.1),men 10.9%(95%CI: 7.4-15.2)and women 16.1%(95%CI:9.5-24.5).Fiveyear specific survival was higher for patients aged<55 years(17.3%),with intestinal type of cancer(14.6%), without metastasis(22.2%),tumor size<4 cm(60.0%), without lymphatic invasion(77.1%),only involvement of the mucous membrane(100%).Statistically significant independent prognostic factors were:TNM staging, diffuse type,metastasis,supraclavicular adenopathy, palpable tumor,and hepatitis or ascites. CONCLUSION:Social determinants are the main risk factors for SC,but not for survival.An advanced clinical stage at consultation is the main cause of poor SC survival.

Risk Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis and Endoscopic Treatment Strategies of Undifferentiated Early Gastric Cancer

OBJECTIVE To discuss the effects of clinico-pathological features on lymph node metastasis （LNM） in undifferentiated EGC （early gastric cancer）, as well as identify the appropriate medical management. METHODS From January 1999 to June 2011, 352 patients were treated for undifferentiated EGC in our hospital. All patients had undergone gastrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy. We used univariate and multivariate associated with lymph node entiated EGC. analyses to determine the features metastasis in patients with undiffer- RESULTS Signet ring cell carcinoma （SRC） was more common in patients with undifferentiated EGC than other undifferentiated carcinoma （UDC）. SRC had a tendency to be confined to the mucosa, with a smaller size than other UDC. The incidence of LNM for SRC was lower than that for other UDC. Multivariate analysis showed that LNM was associated with the sex, tumor size, depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion, and histological type. CONCLUSION Complete endoscopic resection is suitable for SRC- type intramucosal EGC, which is less than 2 cm in diameter without lymphovascular invasion in the postoperative histological examination.

Prognostic Factors of Ampulla of Vater Carcinoma after Radical Surgery

OBJECTIVE Ampullary carcinoma is a rare disease with betterprognosis than other periampullary neoplasms. This studyinvestigated the association between clinicopathologic factors andprognosis after radical resection of ampulla of Vater carcinoma.METHODS Clinical data from 105 patients who underwentradical pancreaticoduodenectomy from January 1990 to December2005 were retrospectively analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method,log-rank test, and the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS The in-hospital mortality rate was 8.6%, the lymphnode metastasis rate was 37.1%, and the five-year survival ratewas 42.8%. Pancreatic involvement (P = 0.027), tumor diameter (P= 0.008), T stage (P = 0.003), TNM stage (P < 0.001), and number ofmetastatic lymph nodes (P < 0.001) were associated with prognosiswhen the univariate analysis was used. Multivariate analysisshowed that the number of lymph node metastases (P < 0.001;OR: 1.923; CI: 1.367-2.705) and tumor diameter (P = 0.03; OR: 1.432;CI: 1.035-1.981) were the independent prognostic factors.CONCLUSION The number of metastatic lymph nodes andtumor diameter are important pathologic factors predictingprognosis of ampulla of Vater carcinoma after radical resection,and lymph node dissection during the radical surgery effectivelyimproves the survival rate.

Effects of Xinfeng capsule on the Fas/FasL-mediated apoptotic pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Xinfeng capsule on the apoptosis of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocytes and changes in the Fas/Fas L-mediated apoptotic pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA).METHODS:A total of 28 RA patients were included in the study;they were randomly divided into the Xinfeng capsule(XFC) group(3 capsules,3 per day)and the leflunomide(LEF) group(1 pellet,once per night).The treatment course in each groups was 12 weeks.The normal control(NC) group consisted of10 healthy people.The apoptotic rate was examined using flow cytometry.Fas,Fas L,caspase 8,caspase 3,bcl-2,and bax m RNA were examined using q RT-PCR.Apoptotic proteins Fas,Fas L,caspase8,and caspase 3 were examined using western blotting.RESULTS:After treatment,patients in the two groups all showed some trend of improvement.Disease activity indexes,joint morning stiffness time,joint swelling/tenderness number,health assessment questionnaire(HAQ) score,RA quality of life(RAQOL) questionnaire,and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),as well as all apoptotic related indicators were reduced in both groups after treatment with no significant difference between groups.But the improvement in terms of the self-rating depression scale(SDS) in the XFC group was better than in the LEF group.RA patients showed lower apoptotic rates in CD4+ T cells,lower bax,Fas,caspase 8,and caspase 3 m RNA,and less protein expression of Fas,caspase 8,and caspase3 than in the NC group.These indicators increased after treatment.However,the level of Bcl-2 m RNA was higher in the XFC group than in the NC group before treatment,and it subsequently decreased.The XFC group expressed lower Bcl-2 m RNA than the LEF group.Negative correlations were found between ESR and the apoptotic rate in CD4 + T cells,Fas,and caspase 3;CRP and Fas;and,swollen joint count and Bax,while positive correlations were found between ESR and Bcl-2.CONCLUSION:XFC can regulate the Fas/Fas L system and promote CD4+ T cell apoptosis and thus reduce the abnormal immune response,which can improve symptoms in RA patients.